Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the T lymphocytes-mediated immune function in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods Totally 79 AIDS patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition ( EN ) group ( supported with EN daily in addition to conventional treatment; n = 46) and control group (underwent conventional treatment only; n = 33 ). T lymphocytes including CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells as well as blood biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose ( Glu ), total protein (TP), albumin ( ALB ), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , Cr, and prealbumin (PA) were determined immediately before management (T0) and on the 30th day(T1). Results ALT, AST, Glu, TP, ALB, BUN, Cr, and PA showed no significant differences between these two groups before management ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The levels of TP ( P = 0. 015), ALB ( P = 0. 007 ), and PA ( P =0. 022 ) were significantly higher in EN group than those in control group at T1. The cell counts of CD3, CD4, and CD8 were not significantly different at T0, while the cell count of CD4 was significantly higher in EN group than that in control group at T1 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion EN can improve the nutritional status and T lymphocytesmediated immune function in AIDS patients.

Aim To observe the neuroprotective effect of different doses of propofol on ischemic fetal rat brain.Methods Eighteen healthy pregnant SD rats were randomly allocated into the following six groups with three rats in each.Group S: sham operation group, Group IR: ischemia/reperfusion group, Group P1~P3: different doses of propofol groups, Group B: bicuculline group.In group S and group IR, 1 ml saline solution was administered via caudal vein.In group P1~P3, 10, 30, 50 mg·kg-1 of propofol was administered via caudal vein respectively.In group B, when 50 mg·kg-1 propfol was administered via caudal vein, 5 mg·kg-1 bicuculline was injected intraperitoneally at the same time.Bilateral uterine ovarian arteries were clamped for 11 mins to make intrauterine distress model of the fetal rats.The brains of fetal rats were removed after 3 days of reperfusion.Brain sections(5 μm thick) were mounted and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The profile of the hippocampus CA1 was evaluated under a light microscope and neuronal Lesion-index(LI) was calculated.MDA content of fetal rat brain was detected by thiobarbituric acid reaction method to determine the lipid peroxidation degree of brain.Results LI was (7.2±0.9) and MDA was (3.86±0.20) μmol·g-1 in group S.LI was 71.9±2.8 and the content of MDA was (9.10±0.45) μmol·g-1 in group IR, which increased significantly compared with those in group S(P<0.01).LI was (40.8±2.6), (21.4±1.4), (20.1±1.3) and the content of MDA was (7.32±0.41), (5.65±0.27), (5.44±0.28) μmol·g-1 in propofol groups, which decreased significantly compared with those in group IR(P<0.05).LI and the content of MDA was (51.2±2.3), (7.54±0.31) μmol·g-1 in group B,respectively, reversing partly the neuroprotevtive effect of propofl.Conclusion Propofol could protect the neurons in hippocampus CA1 region of fetal rat against intrauterine distress by reducing the concentration of MDA in the brain.

Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of fixative solutions on paraffin section of mouse lens tissue and optimize the fixing?method of paraffin section in mouse lens tissue. Methods Three kinds of conventional fixatives were selected for the test ,including the conven?tional Davison’s solution,modified Davison’s solution and 10%neutral buffered formalin. Mice eyeball tissues were fixed with three different fixa?tives,embedded,sliced and then stained with HE method. The paraffin slices were observed under the light microscope. Results The structures of lens and retina fixed in conventional Davison ’s fixative solutions were clear and intact ,and the cells were arranged regularly and compactly. There was no eyeball distortion,contraction and retinal detachment in the eyeballs fixed in modified and conventional Davison’s fixative solution. However,the ones fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin showed eyeball distortion and contraction,space and spherules. Conclusion The mice lens slides made from tissues fixed by conventional Davison ’s fixative solution are better than fixed by modified Davison ’s fixative solution and the 10%neutral buffered formalin fixed ones.

Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance characteristics in HIV/AIDS patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Yunnan province, so as to guide the clinical medication. Methods We collected 278 cases of hospitalized patients with sputum,alveolar lavage specimen smear, culture, positive specimens from HIV/AIDS patients with lower respiratory infection in The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2008 to December 2012. Then we retrospectively analyzed the collected data. Results From 278 cases of sputum and alveolar lavage fluid specimens,we isolated a total of 127 strains of bacteria (45.7%), 53 strains of fungus (19.1%),50 strains of white candida,3 strains of aspergillus,49 strains of mycobacterium, 44 strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis,and the rest of atypical mycobacteria. Gram negative bacilli accounted for 64.6%,followed by pneumonia klebsiella bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa,e. coli,acinetobacter,sewer,e. coli, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 15.4%. Fungi accounted for 19.1%, and candida albicans was the common fungus. Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounted for 17.6%. Gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem, ptilinum ketone/sulbactam and amikacin,gram-positive bacilli were sensitive to vancomycin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem. Conclusions The major pathogenic bacteria are gram-negative bacilli in HIV/AIDS patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Yunnan province,but fungal infection ratio is increasing year by year, and conditional pathogenic bacteria are the major pathogen,which have antimicrobial resistance with different degree,TB infection rate is high and multi-drug resistant TB appears. Antimicrobial agents should be rationally used to delay the appearance of pathogen resistance.

Molecular imaging technology, an advanced research area of imaging, can provide real-time, non-invasive image information of the target site in molecular level. The key of the molecular imaging technology is molecular probe. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides with high affinity and specificity to the target molecules. The targeting ability, stability and safety of aptamers are superior to traditional antibodies so that aptamers show prosperous usages in targeting drug delivery and disease diagnostics. Therefore, aptamers are considered to be an extremely ideal probes, which can guide quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles and ultrasound contrast agents on the targets and realize optical, magnetic resonance, ultrasonic multimodal and multifunctional imaging. All of the advantages can further promote the application of molecular imaging in disease treatment and diagnosis. In this paper, we review recent developments in the application of aptamers as molecular probes in major branches of molecular imaging.
Animals ; Aptamers, Nucleotide ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Molecular Imaging ; methods ; trends ; Molecular Probes ; SELEX Aptamer Technique

[Objective] To study the mechanism of Ruangan Granule (RG) in counteracting the experimental liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in SD rats. [Methods] As compared with colchicines, effect of RG in small and large dosages on serum transforming growth factor ? (TGF ?1 ), hydroxyproline (Hyp), collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ , hepatic function and hepatic pathology were observed in rats. [ Results ] Both RG and colchicines could decrease serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and increase serum levels of total protein and albumin in rats with liver fibrosis induced by bovine serum albumin (P 0.05). Effect of large-dosage RG in improving hepatic pathology was better than that of colchicines. [Conclusion] RG has an inhibitory effect on the formation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Its mechanism may be related to the improvement of hepatic function, decrease of serum TGF ft , collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ and Hyp levels.

Objective To explore the association between plasma resistin levels and acute coronary syndrome. Methods Four hundred patients were divided into coronary heart disease (CHD) group（310）and control group（90）according to the coronary Angiography (CAG). And CHD group was divided into ACS subgroup（n＝217）and SAP subgroup（n＝93）according to the clinical information. 85 cases in CHD group were underwent 64-slice spiral computed tomography coronary artery imaging. The severity and extent of coronary lesions were analyzed by CAG and graded by means of Gensini coronary score system. Resistin level in plasma of all patients was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Resistin levels in CHD group［(889.1±248.2)pg/ml］ were significant higher compared with the control group［(261.6±111.9)pg/ml］ (P＜0.05), and resistin levels in ACS subgroup［(1260.0±368.0)pg/ml］ were much higher than that in SAP subgroup［(518.3±128.4)pg/ml］ (P＜0.05). Conclusions The resistin levels of patients with acute coronary syndrome increased significantly and might be associated with the vulnerable plaque. Resistin levels and 64 slice spiral computed tomography coronary artery imaging can be used to detect the vulnerable plaque in CHD patients.

CMV,HHV-6,HHV-7 and HHV-8 DNA in unstimulated whole saliva from 245 HIV-infected subjects and 30 healthy controls were examined by nested-PCR assays.Prevalence of CMV,HHV-6,HHV-7 and HHV-8 in saliva of HIV-infected subjects was 34.7%, 83.3%,70.2% and 14.3% respectively,that of the controls 10.0%,56.7%,70.0% and 0% respectively(between 2 groups,P <0.01).There was no difference of detection rates of the four HHVs in saliva between HIV patients with HAART(n =100)and non-HAART (n =145)(P >0.05).Multi-infection was observed in all subject.

Objective To study the clinical presentations,diagnosis and managements of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in pregnancy.Methods A total of five cases of pHPT in pregnancy were enrolled from January 2005 to December 2014 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Their clinical presentations,managements,maternal-fetal complications and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age was 32 (29,41) years.Of the five cases,three were diagnosed in the second trimester,one was before pregnancy and one was after delivery.Most of the clinical symptoms were nonspecific to pHPT,such as nausea,vomiting and loss of appetite.Frequent urination and nocturia occurred in one;unconsciousness and manifestations of acute pancreatitis and eclampsia relevant symptoms were complained of by one.The common maternal complications were nephrolithiasis and hydronephrosis (3/5),osteoporosis (2/5),anemia (2/5) and kaliopenia (2/5),while the severe complications were hypercalcemic crisis (2/5),acute pancreatitis (1/5),eclampsia (1/5),HELLP (hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelets) syndrome (1/5),disscminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (1/5),cerebral infarction (1/5) and intrauterine fetal death of one twin (1/5).The median level of calcium in serum samples was 3.70 (2.78,4.50) mmol/L;the median level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in serum samples was 294 (151,634) pg/ml.All of the five cases were positive for parathyroid ultrasonography.Four cases received parathyroid radionuclide imaging and had positive results.One asymptomatic patient received no specific treatment,whereas the neonate presented with hypocalcemia after birth.Two cases received surgical resections in the second trimester;one of them had a live birth without fetal complication,while the other had induced abortion.Two cases received postpartum surgery;one asymptomatic patient had a live birth without fetal complication,whilc thc other with twin pregnancy suffered stillbirths (one intrauterine fetal death and one neonatal death).Pathologic diagnosis were solitary parathyroid adenomas in four cases who received surgery.Their operations were effective except that one case,which was improved after treatment,was complicated with secondary hypoparathyroidism.Conclusions The symptoms of pHPT in pregnancy are often nonspecific,but it can cause maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Early diagnosis of pHPT,followed by appropriate managements,has been shown to significantly reduce the complications.Surgical management should be a safe and effective choice.

Objective To study the imaging manifestations and clinical significance of simple cochlear nerve canal(CNC)stenosis. Methods The HRCT findings of 14 patients(1 7 ears)with simple CNC stenosis diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)were retrospectively analyzed.The width of CNC and internal auditory canal was measured and compared with the normal ears,the data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS1 6.0.Thin-sliced MRI of internal auditory canal (axial and oblique sagittal position)was performed in 8 cases. Results HRCT displayed obvious CNC stenosis in all 14 patients(1 7 ears),2 ears with cochlear nerve canal atresia.Width of CNC and internal auditory canal was (0.5±0.3)mm and (4.6±1.0)mm,it was (2.1±0.2)mm and (5.1 ±1.3)mm in normal ears (1 1 ears),the width of CNC was of significant difference between normal ears and ears with SNHL,and there was no statistical sig-nificant difference in width of internal auditory canal.12 ears(from 1 7 ears with simple CNC stenosis)were lacking of fissure in the cribriform area,1 1 ears(normal ear)were existence of fissure in the cribriform area;cochlear nerves were not shown in 8 patients with MRI examination.Conclusion CNC stenosis can be isolated from internal auditory canal stenosis,MRI could display cochlear nerve dysplasia(CND).