Objective To investigate the pathogen spectrum and analyze the associated risk factors of pulmonary moniliasis in the patients with liver failure.Methods A retrospective analysis of pulmonary moniliasis complicating liver failure(n=150) was performed by case-control study on the data of patients admitted to PLA 302 Hospital from Jan.1986 to Nov.2007.A cohort of 154 patients with liver failure but without fungi infection(n=154) served as the control group.By analyzing the epidemiological and clinical data,the spectrum of fungi was identified,and the risk factors in pulmonary moniliasis pneumonia inpatients with liver failure were identified.Results The number of patients with acute on chronic liver failure(69/150,46.0%) were greater than patients with chronic liver failure(78/150,52.0%),while the number of patients suffering from moniliasis pneumonia was smaller than that of control group(20/154,13.0% and 129/154,83.8%,respectively,P

Polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the whole HBV CP region from the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and then the PCR products were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Clones were randomly selected to be sequenced and the selected clones were compared to look for the difference.The sequencing results suggested that each sequence of selected clones was different and there were HBV quasispecies groups in patients. There were hot deletion region and point mutation near the TATA like box of CP gene. To address whether the mutations were responsible for the transcriptional activity, the wild type(wt) and the mutants of HBV CP genes were subcloned into pcDNA3 1( ) vectors, respectively. The reverse oriented clones were digested with KpnI and XhoI, and cloned into the KpnI and XhoI sites of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expressing vector (pCAT3 basic).The recombinant CAT plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells using lipofectamine PLUS reagent, and the CAT expression which indirectly represented the transcriptional activity of HBV CP lying upstream of CAT gene was detected with a CAT ELISA kit. The restriction enzyme digesting results indicated that the recombinant CAT plasmids were successfully constructed, and the transfection tests indicated that the transcriptional activity of the mutants with deletion or substitute point mutation of TATA like box were reduced in comparison with that of CPwt. The HBV CP gene heterogeneity downregulated the transcriptional activity to some extent.

Objective To study the influence of mediating/moderating effects of health skills on the relations between health knowledge and health behaviors in college students.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used among 2 181 students,selected in several colleges in Changsha,Hunan province.EpiData 3.0 was adopted to establish the database.Correlation and regression analyses were performed by SPSS 17.0.Results Positive correlations were seen on:1)Knowledge and skills on health (r=0.592,P＜0.01),2)Knowledge and behaviors on health (r=0.647,P＜0.01),3)Health skills and health behaviors (r=0.629,P＜0.01).The mediating effect of health skills on the relations between health knowledge and health behaviors was significant (34.55％).The interaction effect of "health skill × (times) related knowledge" was significant (β =-0.093,t =-5.212,P=0.000).New variables that were produced by the interaction also reached significant level (△R2=0.006,P=0.000),resulted in increasing the explanation function to health behaviors by 0.6％.Conclusion Health skills could partially mediate the effects and moderate the relationship between health knowledge and health behaviors among college students.