Objective To characterize the molecular genotypes and quantitative serological biomarker, and to explore their clinical significance in patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB) . Methods A total of 210 CHB patients were enrolled and HBV DNA loading, HBV molecular genotypes, quantitative serological biomarker, and ALT were measured. Patients were grouped according to the natural phases of HBV infection:HBeAg (+) immune tolerance, immune clearance, HBeAg (-) low replicative and reactivation phase. The correlation was analyzed between molecular genotypes and serological biomarkers, HBsAg and other biomarkers. Results Subgenotypes B2 with high level of HBV DNA and C2 with middle level of HBV DNA were found to be most prevalent. The positive rates were 59. 0%(B2) and 25. 2%(C2). Patients genotype with B showing more potent viral activity. Subgenotype B2 was sinificantly corelated with HB-sAg, HbeAg, and ALT levels(P < 0. 01), but there was no statistical difference for subgenotype C2. There was statistical difference be-tween positive rates of subgenotypes(P>0. 05), but HBsAg level was found to be significantly correlated with HBV DNA, HBeAg, ALT levels during some phases of CHB. Conclusion Molecular genotyping and quantitative serological biomarkers detection might be helpful for earlier prediction of the long-term disease outcomes in patients with CHB.

Objective To determine the feasibility and toxicity of the addition of cetuximab to paclitaxel,cisplatin,and concurrent intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods Nineteen patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ ESCC,without distant organ metastases,were eligible.All patients received cetuximab,an initial dose of 400 mg/m2 in the first week followed by weekly injection of 250 mg/m2,paclitaxel 45 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 weekly for 7 weeks with IMRT of 59.4 Gy/33 fractions.Results Two patients discontinued because of severe adverse events.Seventeen patients completed the planned treatment protocol.Of whom,12 patients achieved completeremission.The objective response rate was 100％.A median follow-up time was 29.3 months.The 1-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rate was 100％ and 82％,respectively.Main toxicities including myelosuppression,esophagitis and skin rash happened in 19 patients.Grade ≥2 neutropenia,esophagitis and skin toxicity noted rates was 89％,84％ and 58％,respectively.Local recurrence was found in two patients.Neck lymph node and lung metastasis found in one patient.Conclusions Cetuximab,when combined with paclitaxel,cisplatin and IMRT,is efficient and safe for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,Further clinical study is needed.

The protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the last 25 years, novel language mapping methods have been applied in the neurosurgical practice to help neurosurgeons protect the brain and reduce morbidity. The rapid advancements in brain-computer interface have provided the perfect platform for the combination of neurosurgery and neurolinguistics. In this review, the history of neurolinguistics models, advancements in modern technology, role of neurosurgery in language mapping, and modern language mapping methods (including noninvasive neuroimaging techniques and invasive cortical electroencephalogram) are presented.
Brain Mapping ; Brain Neoplasms ; Humans ; Language ; Neurosurgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures