Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the T lymphocytes-mediated immune function in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods Totally 79 AIDS patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition ( EN ) group ( supported with EN daily in addition to conventional treatment; n = 46) and control group (underwent conventional treatment only; n = 33 ). T lymphocytes including CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells as well as blood biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose ( Glu ), total protein (TP), albumin ( ALB ), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , Cr, and prealbumin (PA) were determined immediately before management (T0) and on the 30th day(T1). Results ALT, AST, Glu, TP, ALB, BUN, Cr, and PA showed no significant differences between these two groups before management ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The levels of TP ( P = 0. 015), ALB ( P = 0. 007 ), and PA ( P =0. 022 ) were significantly higher in EN group than those in control group at T1. The cell counts of CD3, CD4, and CD8 were not significantly different at T0, while the cell count of CD4 was significantly higher in EN group than that in control group at T1 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion EN can improve the nutritional status and T lymphocytesmediated immune function in AIDS patients.

AIM: To study the effect of p19ARF on the biological behavior of human leukemia cells. METHODS: p19ARF was cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 and transferred into INK4a/ARF locus-deficient leukemia cells HEL and K562. The changes in biological characteristics of the two p19ARF-transfected cells were observed. RESULTS: The growth of the p19ARF-transfected HEL cells was significantly inhibited compared with the vector-transfected cells; Cell cycle analysis showed that the expression of foreign p19ARF gene resulted in G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis cell death in some of HEL cells. However, p19ARF had no marked effects on the growth of K562 cells with p53 gene mutation and did not induce apoptosis in K562 cells. CONCLUSION: p19ARF suppressed the growth of leukemia cells by p53 -dependent pathway.

Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance characteristics in HIV/AIDS patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Yunnan province, so as to guide the clinical medication. Methods We collected 278 cases of hospitalized patients with sputum,alveolar lavage specimen smear, culture, positive specimens from HIV/AIDS patients with lower respiratory infection in The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2008 to December 2012. Then we retrospectively analyzed the collected data. Results From 278 cases of sputum and alveolar lavage fluid specimens,we isolated a total of 127 strains of bacteria (45.7%), 53 strains of fungus (19.1%),50 strains of white candida,3 strains of aspergillus,49 strains of mycobacterium, 44 strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis,and the rest of atypical mycobacteria. Gram negative bacilli accounted for 64.6%,followed by pneumonia klebsiella bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa,e. coli,acinetobacter,sewer,e. coli, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 15.4%. Fungi accounted for 19.1%, and candida albicans was the common fungus. Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounted for 17.6%. Gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem, ptilinum ketone/sulbactam and amikacin,gram-positive bacilli were sensitive to vancomycin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem. Conclusions The major pathogenic bacteria are gram-negative bacilli in HIV/AIDS patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Yunnan province,but fungal infection ratio is increasing year by year, and conditional pathogenic bacteria are the major pathogen,which have antimicrobial resistance with different degree,TB infection rate is high and multi-drug resistant TB appears. Antimicrobial agents should be rationally used to delay the appearance of pathogen resistance.

CMV,HHV-6,HHV-7 and HHV-8 DNA in unstimulated whole saliva from 245 HIV-infected subjects and 30 healthy controls were examined by nested-PCR assays.Prevalence of CMV,HHV-6,HHV-7 and HHV-8 in saliva of HIV-infected subjects was 34.7%, 83.3%,70.2% and 14.3% respectively,that of the controls 10.0%,56.7%,70.0% and 0% respectively(between 2 groups,P <0.01).There was no difference of detection rates of the four HHVs in saliva between HIV patients with HAART(n =100)and non-HAART (n =145)(P >0.05).Multi-infection was observed in all subject.

Objective Pemetrexed and β-elemene can inhibit the growth of tumor cells .This study was to investigate the effect of pemetrexed combined with β-elemene on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells. Methods Cervical cancer HeLa cells were treated with pemetrexed at the concentrations of 38, 76, 152, 228, and 304μg/mL, and at 24 and 48 hours of treatment subjected to MTT for detection of their proliferation .The experiment included four groups , with the cells treated with β-elemene ( 125μg/mL) , pemetrexed ( 76 μg/mL ) , β-elemene ( 125 μg/mL ) +pemetrexed (76μg/mL), and nothing (blank control) for 24 hours, followed by determination of their proliferation and apoptosis by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Pemetrexed at 38, 76, 152 and 228μg/mL inhibited the proliferation of the HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the inhibition rates of (7.24 ±3.78), (7.94 ±4.37), (11.10 ±2.86) and (15.88 ± 3.38)%at 24 hours, and (16.69 ±0.95), (22.54 ±1.53), (24.48 ±0.92) and (25.54 ±3.61)%at 48 hours, both with statis-tically significant differences between any two groups (P<0.05).Significant differences were also found in the proliferation rate of the same concentration of pemetrexed at the two time points (P<0.05).The combination of pemetrexed and β-elemene showed an inhibi-tion rate of (49.95 ±5.76)%at 24 hours, remarkably higher than (24.36 ±5.59)%in theβ-elemene group and (10.69 ±1.37)%in the pemetrexed group (P<0.01). Conclusion Pemetrexed combined with β-elemene can significantly inhibit the proliferation and synergistically accelerate the apoptosis of HeLa cells .

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of oral lesions in HIV infected patients aged 50 years or older in Yunnan.Methods: 315 HIV infected patients aged 50 years and older from January 2013 to December 2016 were included in a cross-sectional survey at the Third People's Hospital of Kunming. The characteristics of oral mucosal lesions and the relationship between the oral lesions and CD4 count level were analyzed. Results: 13 kinds of oral mucosal lesion in 185 out of the 315 cases (58. 73％) were observed. 122 cases were with candidiasis (38. 73％), including 68 (21. 59％) of pseudomembranous type, 52 (16. 51％) of erythema and 18 (5. 71％) of stomatitis; 25 (7. 94％) were with Hairy leukoplakia, 20 (6. 35％) with recurrent oral ulcer, 17 (5. 40％) with fissured tongue, 11 (3. 49％) with herpes simplex. 2 and 3 lesions were detected in 41 cases (13. 02％) and 1 case (0. 32％), respectively. The rate of simultaneous detection of more than 2 lesions and the detection rate of oral candidiasis were related to the CD4 count level. Conclusion: Oral mucosal lesions are common in elderly patients with HIV infection, and oral candidiasis is the main type.

Objective To assess the incidence of oral candidiasis and its influencing factors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods An oral examination was conducted in the 1 566 HIV/AIDS patients in the Third Hospital of Kunming from March 2008 to September 2012 (M/F:1 062/504,age range:0.2 to 84.0 years old).The HIV viral load(HIV-RNA) and peripheral blood CD4 count were respectively analyzed by Bayer Q340 fluorescence signal surveying instrument(bDNA method) and flow cytometry analysis.The information on usage of highly active anti-retroviral(HAART) drugs and transmission of HIV were obtained through questionnaires.The incidence of oral candidiasis in patients with different HIV-RNA levels and CD4 count and the use of HAART was analyzed and compared.Results The total incidence of oral candidosis was 31.0％(486/1 566) and there was no difference in sex.The oral lesions were presented by three types,psudomembranous candidosis(PC),erythematous candidosis(EC) and angular cheilitis(AC),and the morbidity was 13.9％(217/1 566),17.0％(267/1 566) and 4.9％(77/1 566),respectively.The average level of CD4 count in psudomembranous candidosis,erythematous candidosis and angular cheilitis[81.0 (146.0),74.0 (152.0) and 69.0 (121.5) cell/μl] showed no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of oral candidiasis in non-HAART and HAART subjects were 36.3％(402/1 107) and 18.3％(84/459),respectively(P=0.000).The CD4 count and absolute counts of HIV viral load in oral candidiasis patients and non-oral candidiasis patients had significant difference(Z=-10.261,P=0.000 and Z=-4.762,P=0.000).Conclusions The morbidity of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Yunnan Province was high,including PC,EC and AC and hyperplastic candidosis was not detected.The incidence was related to the degree of immune suppression and HIV viral load.

Background::Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant biliary tract tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. There is an urgent demand to explore novel therapeutic strategies. L-fucose has been confirmed to participate in anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. However, the effect of L-fucose on the progression of CCA has not been well investigated. This study aimed to determine whether L-fucose induced the inhibition of CCA and its possible mechanism.Methods::The anti-growth activity was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assays, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (FITC/PI) assay, and cell cycle analysis. The anti-metastasis activity was determined by wound healing, transwell, and invasion assays. The anti-angiogenesis activity was determined by tube formation and transwell assays. MicroRNAs that may be involved in the L-fucose-induced CCA inhibition was analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The preclinical therapeutic efficacy was mainly estimated by ultrasound in xenograft nude mouse models. Differences were analyzed via Student’s t test or one-way analysis of variance. Results::L-Fucose induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, inhibited cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CCA cells, and additionally inhibited tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a decrease in cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, L-fucose induced microRNA-200b (miR-200b) upregulation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) downregulation was found to be targeted by miR-200b, with decreased cell proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was found to be downregulated after L-fucose treatment. Finally, in vivo experiments in CCA xenograft models also confirmed the antitumor properties of L-fucose. Conclusion::L-Fucose inhibited the progression of CCA via the miR-200b/MAPK7 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways.

Objective To study the changes of blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px),superoxide dis-mutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and pathological tissues in the rat contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) model,and to determine the role of oxidation mechanism in CIN.Methods A total of 40 adult male SD rats were selected and divided into three big groups and five small groups.After constructing the model,six rats with good status were taken from each group for conducting the experiment.The serum GSH-px,SOD and MDA levels were measured,the renal tissue biopsy was performed and the morphological changes of kid-ney cells were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data among the blank control group,the control group and the experimental group (P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in serum GSH-px,SOD and MDA levels before model construction,at 24,48 h after model construction between the blank control group and the control group (P>0.05).There were statistical-ly significant differences in serum GSH-px,SOD and MDA levels of the experimental group between before model construction and after model construction (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in serum GSH-px,SOD and MDA level in the experimental group between at 24 h after modelling and 48 h af-ter modeling (P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in serum GSH-px,SOD and MDA levels at 24 h after modeling among the three groups (P>0.05).There were statistically significant differ-ences in serum GSH-px,SOD and MDA levels at 48 h after modeling among the three groups and their pairs (P<0.05).The pathological sections of the blank control group and control group showed no obvious abnor-mal changes in glomeruli,renal tubule and renal interstitium.Renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen after 24 h in the experimental group,but there was no obvious change in the renal tu-bules.After 48 h,moderate focal-like atrophy of renal tubules,epithelial cell granule degeneration and vacuolar changes were obviously seen.Conclusion The oxidative stress mechanism plays a role in CIN.The contrast a-gent acute renal injury mainly acts on the renal tubules and renal interstitium,and there is no obvious damage to the glomeruli.

Due to the deep anatomical location which is adjacent to the important organization, the operation on the diseases of lateral skull base area is still a challenging problem for neurosurgeons. This article briefly describes the history of the lateral skull base surgical approaches, advantages and disadvantages of each approach, indication and relative contraindication, and enumerates the application of neuroendoscope in the corresponding area, so as to offer help to choose the appropriate surgical approach according to the clinical characteristics; the application prospect of neuroendoscope in the relevant regions is discussed.