HIV/AIDS has become one of the principal factors which seriously threatened the security of the human race since 80s,which draw worldwide attention.Given that Southern Africa is at present generally believed to be the epicenter of this pandemic,HIV/AIDS has come to represent an unprecedented threat to the human security of the region's states in particular.The article analyses the causes,and attributes the phenomenon to such factors as poor public health sector,the impacts of SAPs,the backward tradition and superstition,stigmatization,status of women and the adverse effect of urbanization.

Neuronal apoptosis is one of the important forms of neuronal death in ischemic stroke.N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory amino acid toxicity plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis. It is the initiator and executor of apoptosis in neuronal cells. NR2B is the major regulatory subunit of this receptor, its transmembrane segment M2 is a reflexed membrane loop region facing cytoplast toward intramembrane, forming the inner wall of ion channel, which determines the permeability of the NMDA receptor ion channel to calcium. Glutamate mediates cell injury mainly through calcium overload, therefore, NR2B subunit plays a vital role in the neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of early diabetic nephrosis treated with Danhong injection and Losar- tan Potassium Tablets.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30).Both grougs take orally medicine or insulin for normal blood sugar,the control group were treated with con- ventional treatment.On the basis of conventional treatment,the treatment group were treated with Danhong injection and Losartan Potassium.Results After treated for 28 days,the UAER,BUN,SCr and hemorheology were significantly improved in the treatment group than in the control group (P

Objective To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) in the forming of portal hypertension and whether a selective COX 2 inhibitor can reduce the portal hypertension or not. Methods Cirrhotic Sprague Dawley rat was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) intraperitoneally for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into three groups: 10 normal rats served as control group; the other 15 rats, which received CCl 4 intraperitoneally twice a week and rofecoxib (10 mg/kg) by gavages daily, served as treatment group; another 15 rats, which were induced cirrhosis by CCl 4 but given placebo (saline solution ) instead of rofecoxib, served as placebo group. After 8 weeks of CCl 4 induction, portal pressure was measured, and the levels of thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2), and prostaglandin (PG)E 2 in the liver tissues were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Furthermore, liver histopathological analysis was performed in H E and Masson's trichrome staining sections. Results Portal pressure in the rats of rofecoxib group was significantly decreased compared to that in the placebo group [(11.95?1.05) mm Hg vs. (13.45?1.15) mm Hg; P

Objective:To explore if there was a correlation between TNFAIP8 and gastric tumor drug resistance. Methods:We collected 47 cases of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and detected the expression of TNFAIP8 in their tissues before and after surgery by im-munohistochemistry. Compared the expression of TNFAIP8 between SGC7901 cell and its cisplatin resistance cell SGC7901-DDP by Western blot,and then we used siRNA technology to decreased its expression,continued to test the susceptibility to cisplatin through MTT. Results:The expression of TNFAIP8 between pre-neoadjuvant and after-neoadjuvant had no difference, but the expression of chemotherapy effectiveness was lower than chemotherapy invalidness(P<0. 05);the expression of SGC7901-DDP cell was also higher than SGC7901 cell; the expression of TNFAIP8 decreased apparently through plasmid transfection of SGC7901-DDP cell, MTT test showed the fewer expression of TNFAIP8 could increase the susceptibility to cisplatin(P<0. 05). Conclusion: TNFAIP8 was involved in chemotherapy resistance of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant plasmid of rat's interstitial collagenase on experimental liver fibrosis. Methods We constructed the recombinant plasmid of rat's interstitial collagenase fused Flag peptide which can be expressed in eucaryotic cells. After bound to galactose terminal glyco poly L lysine(G PLL), we transferred the recombinant plasmid to the rat's fibrotic liver in vivo by intravenous injection, then observed the effects of the plasmid on the fibrotic liver by RT PCR, immunohistochemistry and the observation of pathology. Results The recombinant plasmid of interstitial collagenase could be expressed in rat liver, the expression of the plasmid could increase the degradation of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in the rat's fibrotic liver compared with fibrotic modal group ( P 0.05). Conclusion The recombinant plasmid of interstitial collagenase have some effects on liver fibrosis, but this effects is limited.

Objective To investigate the morphologic characteristics of neuron-like cells induced from the rat mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Methods The rat MSCs from bone marrow were cultured by being adhered to the culture dish.The thirdgeneration of the MSCs were induced by the neonate rat brain homogenate supernatant for 48 hours.The morphological characteristics and the ultrastructures of both non-induced and induced MSCs were observed under the inverted microscope and the electron microscope.The property of the induced cells was identified by using immunocytochemical method. Results Under the inverted microscope MSCs showed spindle or polygon-shaped cell bodies and the nuclei with one or two nucleoli were located in the middle of the cells.After the inducement the cells appeared neuron-like with axonlike and dendrite-like processes.The neuron-like cells were neuron special endolase(NSE),neurofilament protein(NF) positive and glial filbrillary acidic protein(GFAP) negative by irnmunocytochemical staining.Under the electron microscope the MSCs had plentiful cytoplasm and organelles and had an obvious nuclei containing a nucleoli.There were a lot of microvilli on the surfaces of the MSCs.The neuron-like cells had plentiful cytoplasm and irregular nuclei with one to three nucleoli.There were also plenty of microvilli on the cell surfaces.Conclusion MSCs are one kind of multipotent stem cells and can differentiate neurons with matured organelles induced by the neonate rat brain homogenate supernatant.

Objective To investigate the causes and therapy of inflammatory abdominal mass after appendectomy.Methods21 cases with inflammatory abdominal mass after appendectomy, which were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 1980 to 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 21 cases, 17 were male, 4 were female. Follow up of 3 months to 2 years found no recurrence among the 13 cases receiving medical therapy. 8 cases underwent surgical excision (4 of which had been preoperatively misdiagnosed as carcinoma or tuberculosis) with pathology proved diagnosis of inflammatory mass.[WT5”HZ]Conclusions Afflicting mainly male youths, this disease is a kind of local chronic inflammatory hyperplastic entity, which subsides by medical therapy. Surgery is only indicated in cases when carcinoma or tuberculosis could not be excluded.

Objective To explore the clinical value of the serum cystatin C (Cys C) changes in different periods of the infantile pneumonia.Methods Ninety-two cases of infantile pneumonia (59 mild pneumonia patients and 33 severe pneumonia patients) from November 2012 to March 2013 were collected and 40 cases of healthy infant were enrolled for control group.The levels of serum Cys C,urea and creatinine in acute and recovery period were detected.Results In severe pneumonia patients,the average level of Cys C in acute period [(1.98±0.33) mg/L] is significantly higher than that in control group [(0.85 ±0.24) mg/L] (P ＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between recovery period [(1.12 ± 0.23) mg/L] and control group (P ＞ 0.05),and there was significant difference between acute and recovery period (P ＜0.05).In mild pneumonia patients,there were no significant differences in the level of Cys C between the acute period [(1.10 ±0.22) mg/L] and recovery period [(0.94 ±0.21) mg/L] as well as control group (P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of Cys C in severe pneumonia patients (51.9％,14/27) was higher than that of urea and creatinine (3.7％,1/27) (P ＜0.01).Conclusion Severe pneumonia could result in renal dysfunction,which is reversible.Cys C can be the clinical reference for early diagnosis and the therapeutic effect in severe pneumonia patients with renal dysfunction.

Objective　 To investigate the causes and therapy　of inflammatory abdominal mass after appendectomy.　 Methods　21 cases with inflammatory abdominal mass after appendectomy, which were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 1980 to 1998, were retrospectively analyzed.　 Results　Of 21 cases, 17 were male, 4 were female. Follow-up of 3 months to 2 years found no recurrence among the 13 cases receiving medical therapy. 8 cases underwent surgical excision (4 of which had been preoperatively misdiagnosed as carcinoma or tuberculosis) with pathology-proved diagnosis of inflammatory mass.　Conclusions　Afflicting mainly male youths, this disease is a kind of local chronic inflammatory hyperplastic entity, which subsides by medical therapy. Surgery is only indicated in cases when carcinoma or tuberculosis could not be excluded.