AIM　To study the chemical constituents of Eclipta prostrata (L). METHODS　The constituents of E.prostrata were systematically separated with the Bohlmann method and percolation and hot extraction methods, and various chromatographies. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic means. RESULTS　Ten compounds were isolated from the Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were determined as wedelolactone (1), demethylwedelolactone (2), isodemethylwedelolactone (3), α-formylterthienyl (4), strychnolactone (5), β-sitosterol (6), nonacosanol (7), stearic acid (8), lacceroic acid (9), 3,4-dihydoxy benzoic acid (10). Fourteen ocmpounds, including hydrocarbons and its esters were identified by GC-MS from the least polar fractions. CONCLUSION　Compound 3 is a new coumestan named isodemethylwedelolactone. Compounds 2-10 and compounds characterized by GC-MS analysis were obtained for the first time from Eclipta prostrata.

Objective To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) in the forming of portal hypertension and whether a selective COX 2 inhibitor can reduce the portal hypertension or not. Methods Cirrhotic Sprague Dawley rat was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) intraperitoneally for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into three groups: 10 normal rats served as control group; the other 15 rats, which received CCl 4 intraperitoneally twice a week and rofecoxib (10 mg/kg) by gavages daily, served as treatment group; another 15 rats, which were induced cirrhosis by CCl 4 but given placebo (saline solution ) instead of rofecoxib, served as placebo group. After 8 weeks of CCl 4 induction, portal pressure was measured, and the levels of thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2), and prostaglandin (PG)E 2 in the liver tissues were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Furthermore, liver histopathological analysis was performed in H E and Masson's trichrome staining sections. Results Portal pressure in the rats of rofecoxib group was significantly decreased compared to that in the placebo group [(11.95?1.05) mm Hg vs. (13.45?1.15) mm Hg; P

Objective To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in sinusoidal capillarization in liver cirrhotic rats. Methods The SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice a week for 8 weeks to induce liver cirrhosis. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (n= 10), model control group (n= 15) and rofecoxib treated group (received 10 mg/kg of rofecoxib daily, n = 15). Liver histopathology was examined by light microscopy, and sinusoidal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the level of basement membrane proteins (collagen type Ⅳ, laminin) and their localizations in liver were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and the microvessel density was detected following vWF (yon Willebrand factor) immunolabeling on liver tissue sections. Results Fibrotic areas were reduced in rofecoxib treated group compared with that in model group (30.7±8.9 vs 23.5±6.5,P<0. 05). The light and electron microscopy showed that the pathologic changes including loss or reduction in number of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrate, the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the Disse's space and development of subendothelial basal lamina (basement membrane formation) were more severe in model group than those in rofecoxib treated group. Compared with model group, administration of rofecoxib resulted in significant decrease in microvessel density (11.3 ± 1.6 vs. 6.4 ±0. 7, P<0. 01). Rofecoxib could significantly decrease the expression of type Ⅳ collagen and laminin at protein levels (3.0±0.5 and 3.0±0.5, respectively) when compared with model group (3.8±0.4 and 3.7±0. 5, respectively). Conclusion The results indicate that early administration of rofecoxib may reduce sinusoidal capillarization.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant plasmid of rat's interstitial collagenase on experimental liver fibrosis. Methods We constructed the recombinant plasmid of rat's interstitial collagenase fused Flag peptide which can be expressed in eucaryotic cells. After bound to galactose terminal glyco poly L lysine(G PLL), we transferred the recombinant plasmid to the rat's fibrotic liver in vivo by intravenous injection, then observed the effects of the plasmid on the fibrotic liver by RT PCR, immunohistochemistry and the observation of pathology. Results The recombinant plasmid of interstitial collagenase could be expressed in rat liver, the expression of the plasmid could increase the degradation of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in the rat's fibrotic liver compared with fibrotic modal group ( P 0.05). Conclusion The recombinant plasmid of interstitial collagenase have some effects on liver fibrosis, but this effects is limited.

Objective To establish a new method to analyze the position accuracy of multileaf collimator (MLC) in the dynamic mode.Methods The MLC test sequence was created in a field,where intentional leaf positional errors ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm per centimeter were introduced.In order to establish the relationship between the ion chamber readings and leaf position,whose slope indicated the leaf position error per centimeter,a two-dimensional ion chamber array was used to measure absorbed dose while leaves were moving at dose rates of 100,300 and 600 MU/min,respectively.For routine test,leaf position error was easily found via dose profile in y direction of the field created by dynamic leaves,where the position error could be quantitatively calculated as the slope of absorbed dose line of x direction of the same field.Results The error of 0.2 mm or more per centimeter was obviously shown through y dose profile.The calibration curve was linear at different dose rates.At 600 MU/min,a 0.1 mm leaf position error corresponded to a slope variation of 0.74％,and the differences between the tested errors and the introduced errors were within 0.1 mm.Conclusions The simple and reliable method is helpful to establish the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) quality control (QC) system.

Background and purpose:Colorectal serrated adenoma (SA) was ofifcially named in 2000 by the WHO as a separate disease, with unique properties compared with traditional adenoma (TA), and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) is very concerned. This study was to analyze and compare the telomerase, p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression on the tissues of SA, TA and CRC. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was adopted to analyze the expression of telomerase, p53, and Ki-67 in 37 cases of SA, 36 cases of TA and 34 cases of CRC. Results:The p53-positive percentage of SA was signiifcantly lower than that of TA (P<0.01), and the p53-positive percentage of TA was signiifcantly lower than that of CRC (P<0.01). No signiifcant difference of Ki-67 expression was found between SA and TA, and the Ki-67-positive percentage of SA and TA was lower than that of CRC (P<0.01). The telomerase-positive percentage of TA was signiifcantly lower than that of SA (P<0.01), and the telomerase-positive percentage of SA was signiifcantly lower than that of CRC (P<0.05). Conclusion:Telomerase, P53, and Ki-67 immunohisto chemical analysis indicated that SA is a kind of proliferative adenoma, and telomerase activation may play a role in the cancer process.

Objective To investigate the combination application of the intracranial buried electrode and electrical stimulation techniques in excising the epileptogenic zone in the central zone.Methods Seven patients with epileptogenic zone located close to or in the central zone of brain were recruited in the present study.The lone term ECoG monitoring and electrical stimulation of the codex were performed to identify the epileptogenic zone and the central zone of the brain after patients received intracranial electrode implants.The epileptogenic zone was excised with maximum preservation of the cen-tral zone.The patients were follow-up for 6 to 12 months,the outcomes were evaluated based on the Engel's scale and the Karnofsky(KPS)score.Results Seven patients did not experience any seizures and their Engei's and KPS scores were markedly improve after operation.Conclusions Intracranial buried electrodes and cortical electrical stimulation can guide the resection of epileptogenic zone in the central zone.Patients have no seizure and no serious dysfunction after operation and their quality of life was improved markedly.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinic symptom and the characteristics of video,tightly close,intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) of patients with central region diastematia epilepsy. Methods Retrospective analysis of 9 patients with central region diastematia epilepsy admitted from June,2007 to August,2009.The characteristics of all patients' seizure symptom and EEG manifestation were analyzed using patients' medical history,video and EEG records.ResultsPatients with central region diastematia epilepsy had relatively long sezure history.The duration of seizure was commonly short,with frequent episode and no obvious intelligence impairment.The seizure was often accompanied with the hyperkinesia in the lower limbs.Scalp EEG showed discharges with low amplitude waves in the mean line area.The superhigh amplitude and regular rhythm slow sharp wave could be found in the diastematia cortex EEG.All patients had an Engel Class Ⅰ outcome after surgery.ConclusionThe seizure symptoms are characteristic in the patients with central region diastematia epilepsy,and some special manifestations can be found in different phase,wave amplitude,rhythm,lead array.

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Most of the HCC occur in developing countries. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important risk factor for HCC development. HBV induces immune-mediated chronic hepatitis, liver injury, regeneration and scar forming responses, leading to an inflammatory, fibrotic and immune deficient microenvironment. HBV may integrate into host genome, inducing genetic abnormality and altering the expression of HCC-related genes. HBV also expresses active proteins such as X (HBx) and S proteins, which may trans-activate HCC-related proteins expression, interact with intracellular specific proteins, activate a variety of signaling pathways, and induce aberrant epigenetic modifications. HBV mutation also has impact on HBV related HCC development.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators