As a brand new service mode on Internet,crowd sourcing can solve the problems that need high cost and professionals by drawing on the wisdom of tens of thousands of Internet users. Medical college and university libraries should thus strengthen their virtual reference service teams and further improve their virtual reference service level by introducing the crowd sourcing concept,depending on the support of reader association and drawing on the wisdom of readers.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism and its complications,and to emphasize the appropriate surgical treatment age of cryptorchidism. Methods The data of diagnosis and treatment of 230 cases of cryptorchidism (a total of 299 undescended testicles) were reviewed.Their ages varied from 1 to 59 years and the mean age was (9.5?9.0)years.88 cases had cryptorchidism on the left side;73 cases on the right side;and 69 cases on both sides.Cryptorchidism was complicated by hypospadias in 11 cases and by latent penis in 2 cases. Results In these series only 25 cases (10.9%) underwent surgical treatment within 2 years of age.Surgical operations were performed in these cases (289 sides) and the locations of the undescended testicles were determined.Of them 273 ones underwent primary descending and fixation,15 ones underwent resection and histopathological examinations for mahgnant or shrinked tendency 1 was absent during the detection,and they were followed up for 4 months to 5 years with the success rate being 98.9 %.Of these cases 260 ones(90.0%) were external abdominal;25 ones (8.7%) were intra-abdominal;4 ones were missing (1.4%).For external abdominal testicles the positive ratio of detections by B-ultrasonography was 86.3%(126/146) and that of physical examination was 63.0% (92/146),which showed statistically significant difference ( P

Objective To analysis the differences of age, prostate volume, serum PSA and PSAD, IPSS between the BPH and BPH with prostatitis. Methods Clinical data of 100 patients whom received surgical treatments with a pathologic diagnosis of BPH were retrospectively analyzed. The occurrence of prostatitis was determined by pathology. The differences of age, prostate volume, serum PSA and PSAD, IPSS between the BPH cases and BPH with prostatitis cases were analyzed. The capability of B-ultrasound in diagnosis of the prostatitis combined with BPH was evaluated. Re-suits 66% BPH patients were found combined with prostatitis. There was a significant correlation between inflammatory infiltration grade and aggressiveness grade (r= 0. 772, P<0. 001). There was a moderate correlation between prostate volume and patient age(r= 0. 420, P<0. 001). There was a low correlation between serum PSA and patient age (r= 0. 258, P<0. 01) while no significant correla-tion between PSAD and age. The patient age of BPH combined with prostatitis group was significantly higher than BPH group (P<0. 05). Average prostate volume of combined with prostatitis group was significantly higher than BPH group (P<0. 05). There was a significant correlation between prostate volume and inflammatory infiltration grade(r=0. 292, P=0. 003), PSA and aggressiveness grade(r=0. 254, P=0.007). Both average PSA and PSAD of BPH combined with prostatitis group were signif-icantly higher than the BPH group (P<0. 05). When the factor of difference in age distribution was considered, the conclusion were still valid (P<0.05). On α= 0.05 level, relatively low correlations were found between PSA and inflammatory infiltration grade(r=0. 319, P=0. 001), PSA and aggres-siveness grade(r=0. 214, P=0. 032), PSAD and inflammatory infiltration grade ( r=0. 212, P=0. 034). There was no significant correlation between PSAD and aggressiveness grade(r=0.081 ,P=0.425). Average IPSS of combined with prostatitis group were significantly higher than BPH group. On diagnosis of the combined prostatitis in BPH, the sensitivity of ultrasonic was 21.2% with a speci-ficity of 82.4%. Conclusions Prostatitis is often found in more than half BPH samples. The BPH with prostatitis usually has bigger prostate volume, higher PSA, PSAD and may present relatively se-verer clinic syndromes.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic value of video-assisted thoracoscopy in treating posterior mediastinal benign neurogenic tumors.Methods From May 1994 to May 2006,40 patients received thoracoscopic resection of posterior mediastinal benign neurogenic tumor.Double lumen endotrocheal intubation was applied and 3 trocars were placed according to the location of the tumor.A mini-incision was used if the tumor was too large to be safely resected.Results The complete resections were successfully finished in 34 cases while the remaining 6 cases needed a 6 cm mini-incision to complete the surgery.Pathological examination showed 20 cases of neurilemoma,14 cases of neurofibroma,and 6 cases of paraganglioma.The average diameter of these tumors was 4.7 cm(range:2-12 cm).The average thoracic drainage time was 2.2 days(1-7 days).And the average postoperative hospital stay was 4.8 days(3-13 days).Only 2 cases experienced minor complications.There was no death in this study.The time of follow-up was 9 months to 12 years,in which 16 cases were followed for less than 3 years,12 cases for 3-5 years and 7 cases for over 5 years,5 cases lost contact.Only one patient received re-resection due to local recurrence.Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of posterior mediastinal benign neurogenic tumor is safe,reliable and minimally invasive,and can thus be regarded as the therapy of first choice.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) guided inferior vena caval filter insertion(IVCFI). Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients with unilateral lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were selected for IVCFI. Screening CDFI was performed in all the patients. Locations of renal veins (RV),maximum diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC),and presence or absence of thrombus were documented. If visualization was adequate,IVCFI was performed under guidance of CDFI. CDFI and abdominal plain film of radiograph were used to document proper deployment,and circumferential engagement of the filter struts in the IVC wall. Also,CDFI was repeated each one month to assess IVC filter migration,thrombus adherent to the filter,and IVC patency. Results CDFI visualization was adequate in thirty-one patients(100%) and the average diameter of IVC was 19.7 mm. Thirty-one VenaTech IVC filters were placed without technical difficulty. No technical complication occurred in all the patients. Follow-up examination showed that no filter uncompleted opening and migration and no IVC thrombus were observed. Seven cases (29%) with embolus trapped by IVC filter were found. There had been no report of pulmonary emboli after IVCFI. Conclusions Placement IVC filter is feasible and safe with CDFI. CDFI-guided IVCFI substantially reduces the procedural cost and avoids the need for radiation exposure and intravenous contrast.

Objective To evaluate the results of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) using domestic staplers and autologous tissue. Methods Thirteen male patients received LVRS from June 2000 to March 2006 in this hospital. The age range was 56~68 years (mean, 60.5 years). The patients had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for 2~16 years (mean, 11 years). The operation was performed under general anesthesia, with single lung ventilation. A muscle sparing thoracotomy in the 5th intercostal space was conducted. The “target area” was identified by combination of observation and palpation during operation and preoperative CT scans. The cutting edge was stapled with domestic staplers buttressed with autologous tissue. Results All the procedures were successfully accomplished. Follow-up observations for 8 months ~ 5 years showed no dyspnea and improved activities. At 6 months after operation, the FEV_1 and the PaO_2 were increased by 94.4%?21.2% and 12.5%?3.1%, while the RV and TLC were decreased by 24.1%?7.8% and 20.8%?5.1%, respectively. All the abovementioned parameters were significantly changed before and after operation (P

Objective To elucidate the relationship between mandibular lateral displacement and mandible asymmetry by observing the morphological changes of condylar head and mandible during mandibular lateral displacement in growing rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats at the age of four weeks were divided at random into experimental and control groups,with 24 rats in each group.A super-hard resin plate was cemented to upper incisors to displace rat mandibles 2 mm to the left during closure(Ipsilateral side).A metal crown was fitted to lower incisors.The rats were killed 2,4,8 or 12 weeks after appliance attachment.The mandible was dissected out and halved.The length and width of condylar head were measured with a caliper.Radiographic films of the mandibles were exposed,and selected measurements were made.Results The length of condylar cartilage on the ipsilateral side was significantly larger than contralateral side in experimental group(P

Firstly,this article analyzes the requirement of the standard voltage for the ECG & EEG verification instrument.Then it analyzes the feasibility of measurement using 34401A multimeter and provides the test method.This method is proved to be exact and reliable by experiment.

BACKGROUND:Many researchers appealed that coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients were medical treated while special psychological intervention should be integrated into the rehabilitation plans (biology-psychology-social treatment) for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients.Pertinence psychological intervention would be processed after finding out mental health state of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients.OBJECTIVE:To make principal component analysis for mental health state of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients with relapsing pain in chest after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by questionnaire investigation,and to find out the primary factors.METHODS:A total of 40 coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients with relapsing pain in chest after PCI and CABG were selected,(25 males and 15 females),mean age of (60±10) years old.It was used that the mental health section of the integrative system for diagnosing and assessing health state in Chinese population,including body symptoms,positive emotion,negative emotion,cognitive ability,behavior trouble,self-evaluation and social adapting problem.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totally 4 principle component factors which the accumulative contribution rate reached to 83.89% were extracted.The first principle component factors which the contribution rate reached to 40% mainly demonstrated behavior trouble and social adapting problem.The second one mainly demonstrated positive emotion and negative emotion,the third for cognitive ability and self-evaluation,and the fourth for body symptoms.The behavior trouble and social adapting problem of coronary atheroscleroticheart disease patients with relapsing pain in chest after PCI and CABG must be paid great attention,and positive emotion would be leaded,negative emotion would be lowered.

Objective To study the relationship between blood cell count and cardiac events in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with reperfusion in the early stage. Methods In this study, we assigned 151 patients to whom reperfusion therapy had been delivered within 3 hours of STEMI symptom into two groups:primary percutaneous cor-onary intervention group and thrombolysis therapy group. Differences of cardiac events and white blood cell count in these two groups were analyzed in the first 4 days. Results In the second day and the forth day, cardiac events rate and white blood cell count were significantly lower in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention group than those in the thromboly-sis therapy group (P＜0.05). In the second day, white blood cell count has a positive correlation with cardiac events rate (r=0.226, P＜0.05). Conclusion Primary percutaneous coronary intervention decreased blood cell count and cardiac events rate. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, increasing white blood cell was related to cardiac events in the near future.