Objective To investigate the effects of methycobal on the expression of Caspase-3 in brain tissue after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group, nimodipine group and low-dose methycobal group, high-dose methycobal group(n=30 in each group).Rats in the sham-operation group and model control group were administered intragastrically with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, rats in the nimodipine group were treated with 1 mg . kg-1 . d-1 of nimodipine, rats in the low- and high-dose of methycobal groups were given 50 and 100 μg.kg-1 .d-1 of methycobal, respectively. The rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion with suture method for 3 h.Neurological deficit scores were evaluated 24 h after reperfusion.The apoptosis of perifocal cortex cells was detected by TUNEL method and the expression of Caspase-3 was analyzed by RT-PCR 6, 12 and 24 h after reperfusion. Results Neurological deficit scores in model control group, nimodipine group, low-dose methycobal group and high-dose methycobal group were 2.70±0.52, 1.30±0.51, 2.20±0.75 and 1.30±0.81, respectively.Compared with model control group, neurological deficit scores were significantly different in the nimodipine group, low-dose methycobal group and high-dose methycobal group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There were no significant differences between the high-dose methycobal group and nimodipine group ( P>0. 05 ) . There was a significant difference between the high-dose methycobal group and low-dose methycobal group( P<0. 05 ) . The results of apoptosis by TUNEL were as follows: compared with model control group, the apoptosis decreased obvsiouly in the nimodipine group, low-dose methycobal group, and high-dose methycobal group at each time point.There was significant difference between the high-dose methycobal group and nimodipine group at the end of the 24th hours (P<0.01).Compared with low-dose methycobal group, there were significant differences in the high-dose methycobal group at the end of 6th, 12th and 24th hours(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The results of RT-PCR were as follows: there was expression of caspase-3 mRNA in the perifocal cortex of all groups, with weak expression in the sham-operation group.Compared with the sham-operation group, the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was increased significantly in the model control group(P<0.01).The expression of caspase-3 mRNA was reduced significantly in the nimodipine group, the low-dose methycobal group and high-dose methycobal group as compared with model control group at each time point( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , but it was not significantly different in the low-dose methycobal group and high-dose methycobal group as compared with that of the nimodipine group(P>0.05).There were significant differences between the high-dose methycobal group and low-dose methycobal group at the end of 24 h(P<0.05). Conclusion Methycobal can protect the brain cells from injury after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by adjusting the expression of Caspase-3m RNA, and the high-dose methycobal is more effective.

Objective To evaluate the quality of Radix et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae from Pingyuan planting base and Chinese herbal medicine market. Methods The water- and alcohol-soluble extracts from 19 batches of Radix et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae medicinal materials were detected according to Appendix ⅨH, ⅩA of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia ( 2010 edition). And the quality of the medicinal materials was evaluated by microscopic identification technology according to the method for Radix et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae recorded in Guangdong Provincial Chinese Medicine Standard, and then thin layer chromatography ( TLC) was optimized to establish the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint. The HPLC was performed on Waters XBridgeTM C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm) with acetonitrile(A)-0.2% (v/v) phosphorus acid (B) as the mobile phase by gradient elution, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and detection wavelength was 220 nm. Results The results of sample characters, TLC and microscopic identification showed that the samples of Radix et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae in Chinese herbal medicine markets were certified products, but stems and roots were blended. Seven common peaks were showed by HPLC and confirmed by similarity analytical software. The similarity of 15 batches of planting base samples was all above 0.9. Of 19 batches of the commercial samples, the similarity of 11 batches was above 0.9. The alcohol-soluble extract contents were in the range of 64.55 mg/g to 186.18 mg/g. Conclusion The medicinal materials of Radix et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae from Chinese herbal medicine market are certified products, but the qualities vary greatly for the blending of stems and roots and inadequate growth years. The quality of materials from planting base is better. The established method is helpful for the quality evaluation and control of Radix et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae.

Objective:To evaluate the application efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery in primary hospitals.Methods:A total of 116 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery from January 2017 to December 2018 at our hospital were enrolled in this study.According to the perioperative rehabilitation program, 116 patients were divided into the group A(n=67, receiving enhanced recovery after surgery)and the group B(n=49, receiving traditional recovery after surgery).Results:The incidences of preoperative thirst and hunger were lower in the group A than in the group B(11.9% vs.53.1%, 16.4% vs.51.0%, χ2=23.10 and 15.83, respectively, P<0.001). The levels of CRP and blood glucose in the two groups were significantly higher after operation than before operation, and reached the peak values on the 3rd day after the operation.At different time points after operation, CRP levels and blood glucose levels were higher in the group B than in the group A(all P<0.05). On the 7th day after operation, blood glucose level was recovered to the preoperative level in the group A, while it was not so in the group B. The incidence of complication in the group A was similar to the group B(7.46% vs.12.2%, χ2=0.75, P>0.05). The hospitalization period was shorter and the hospitalization cost was less in the group A than in the group B(8.16±1.33)d vs.(15.39±2.81)d, (46100±1800)yuan vs.(56900±5600)yuan, t=10.98 and 9.96, P=0.000). Conclusions:The application of enhanced recovery after surgery is beneficial for perioperative safety, can reduce surgical stress response, promote postoperative recovery, shorten hospitalization time after surgery and reduce hospitalization costs in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

Objective To evaluate the value of postoperative prophylactic radiotherapy for N0 e-sophageal squamous carcinoma. Methods From January 1993 to December 2006,859 patients with patho-logically staged N0 and M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. Among them, 760 received surgery alone, and 99 received surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy started within 3 to 4 weeks after surgery. The median total dose was 50 Gy(2 Gy/F,5 F/w). Results In surgery alone group and postoperative radiotherapy group,the 5-yeur overall survival rotes were 72.2% vs 77.4% (X2 =0. 13,P >0.05) for all patients,34.6% vs67.1% (X2 =7.72,P <0.05) forpT4 disease,and 70.2% vs 81.3% (X2 =4.01 ,P <0.05) for tumor length >5 cm. Postoperative radiotherapy could lower the recurrence rate for pT4 patients. Conclusions For patients with NO esophageal squamous carcinoma, postoperative radiotherapy can significantly improve the survival for pT4 and tumor length > 5 cm,and also re-duce the recurrence for pT4 patients.

Aim To investigate the analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on Cav1 . 2 expression in the dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) of mice with sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury ( CCI ) -induced neuropathic pain. Methods Forty male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =5 ): sham group ( group S) , CCI group ( group C ) and L-THP group ( group L) . Steady mice models of neuropathic pain were es-tablished by inducing CCI of sciatic nerve. According to development of neuropathic pain in mice, L group was divided into induction period, induction with ma-intenance period and long-term low-dose group. The mice were intraperitoneally administered with 45 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine in induction ( day 0~5 ) , in-duction with maintenance ( day 0~5 , 14~19 ) period of neuropathic pain state. From the instant after opera-tion, 15 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine was injected into the long-term low-dose group once per day for 19 days. Then, the behavior changes of mice were moni-tored. Moreover, the threshold of mechanical and ther-mal stimuli was tested. In addition, the expression of Cav1 . 2 protein was detected by Western blot and im-munohistochemical staining. Results The lowest ex-pression of Cav1 . 2 was observed in group C and the highest expression level of Cav1 . 2 was found in group S. Cav1. 2 expression was significantly up-regulated in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01). Compared with group C, high dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group showed reduced mechanical allodynia and ther-mal hyperalgesia induced by nerve injury ( P <0. 05 , P<0. 01). Meanwhile, high dose of tetrahydropalma-tine significantly relieved the mechanical allodynia in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and thermal hyperalgesia in maintenance period group (P<0. 05). However, there was no ob-vious effect on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyper-algesia induced by nerve injury ( P >0. 05 ) in long-term low-dose group. Conclusions High dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and low-dose among the whole experiment process obviously relieves the neuro-pathic pain induced by nerve injury. The analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on neuropathic pain may be due to the increased expression of Cav1 . 2 protein in DRG neurons.

Objective To compare the accuracy of CT with other methods to measure the length of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods 598 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma were enrolled in this study.All the patients received three-field(cervical,thoracic:and abdominal)radical surgery without pre-operative radiotherapy or chemotherapy.The length of each Iesion was recorded and compared by measuring intraoperative specimen,formalin-fixed specimen,X-ray barium meal examination and CT,respectivelv. Results By the measurement of intraoperative specimen,formalin-fixed specimen,Xray barium meal examination and CT,the mean lengths of lesion were(5.22±1.94),(4.28±1.71),(5.12±1.92)and(6.71±2.52) cm,respectively.The measured length was significantly different between intraoperative specimen and formalin-fixed specimen or CT(t=16.01,P＜0.01;t=-15.54,P＜0.01),but not between intraoperative specimen and X-ray barium meal examination(t=1.62,P＞0.05).The measured lengths gradually decreased in the order of CT,intraoperative specimen,X-ray bailam meal examination and formalin-fixed specimen.For different pathological type(except intracavitary type)and different T staging,there was significant difference in lesion length between intraoperative specimen and CT(P＜0.05),but not between intraoperative specimen and X-ray barium meal examination(P＞0.05). Conclusions The length of esophageal carcinoma measured by intraoperative specimen is shorter than by CT,but longer than by X-ray barium meal examination.Specimen could shrink after foriBalin fixation.X-ray barium meal and other examinations should be referred when using CT to delineate tumor target volume of esophageal carcinoma for radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of anti-microbia-l coated central venous catheter (CVC),compared with routine CVC,on catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis (CADVT). Methods A total of 1 359 patients,aged 26-82 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,undergoing internal jugular,axillary-subclavian,or femoral vein CVC catheterization during January to June of 2017,were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into intoanti-microbial-coated CVC group (group A)and routine CVC group (group B).Gender,age,ASA class,pre-operative risk of thrombus (Caprini score),CVC site,surgical site,ultrasound-guided catheterization,and anticoagu-lation therapy,CADVT and the degree,as well as the other adverse events were recorded.Results A total of 938 patients were successfully matched.There were 323 (34.4%)articipants diagnosed with CADVT with bedside point-of-care ultrasound,in which 172 cases (36.7%)in group A and 151 (32.2%)in group B.There was no statistical significance of CADVT and the degree between the two groups.The subgroup analysis results indicated that the patients using anti-microbial-coated CVC with high risk of thrombus (Caprini score ≥ 5 points)(OR 1.34,95% C I 1.01-1.78),undergoing catheterization according to anatomical landmark (OR 1.69,95% C I 1.04-2.74),and not-receiving anticoagulation therapy (OR 1.39,95% C I 1.01-1.92)had an increased risk of CADVT compared with those using routine CVC.A significantly decreased incidence of catheter-associated infection in group A was observed compared with group B (0.9% vs 4.1%,P<0.05).Conclusion Anti-micro-bial-coated CVC does not increase the incidence of CADVT.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced low and middle rectal cancer,and evaluate the effect of related clinical factors upon the long-term survival. Methods Clinical data of 101 patients with locally advanced low and middle rectal cancer admitted to our hospital from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 were collected. All patients completed the preoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy DT45-50. 4 Gy,synchronized with oxaliplatin+capecitabine/5-fluorouracil or single drug capecitabine chemotherapy,and total mesorectal excision) was performed 4-13 weeks after the end of the neoadjuvant therapy. The short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis of these patients were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis,and Cox’s regression model for multivariate analysis. Results The total sphincter preservation rate was 53. 5%.The decrease rates of T,N staging and TNM total staging were 73. 26%,67. 32% and 72. 3%,respectively. The pathological complete response ( pCR) rate was 16. 8%.The median follow-up time was 41 months. The 3-year overall survival (OS), desease-free survival (DFS),local recurrence and distant metastases rates were 82. 2%,80. 7%,7. 2% and 12. 1%,respectively. The single factor analysis demonstrated that ypT and ypN stages were the risk factors affecting the 3-year OS,DFS anddistant metastases ( all P＜0. 05).Multivariate analysis revealed that ypT stage was an independent factor affecting the 3-year OS,and ypT and ypN stages were the independent factors of the 3-year DFS ( all P＜ 0. 05 ). ConclusionsNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with TME in the treatment of locally advanced middle and low rectal cancer can partially decrease the tumor staging,enhance the sphincter preservation rate and improve long-term clinical prognosis. Both ypT and ypN stages are correlated with the clinical prognosis of patients.

Objective: To explore an effective long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature in predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the analysis on RNA sequencing data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and peritumoral tissues in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: The clinical characteristics and RNA sequencing data of 377 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were obtained from TCGA database by the end of February 2018. Then, differentially expressed lncRNAs between 50 pairs of tumor and peritumoral tissues were explored using student’s t-test. Next, a lncRNA signature was established through LASSO Cox regression analysis. All the patients were divided into four groups (<P₂₅, P₂₅-, P₅₀-, ≥P₇₅) based on the cut-off quartiles signature. Finally, compared with the control group (<P₂₅), the hazard ratios (HRs) of three groups (P₂₅-, P₅₀-, ≥P₇₅) were calculated by using Cox regression. The survival outcomes of patients in the four groups were compared to evaluate the capacity of the lncRNA signature model. Results: A total of 951 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between tumor and peritumoral tissues. A three-lncRNA signature, including LNCSRLR, MKLN1-AS and ZFPM2-AS1, was established to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The outcome suggested that the death risk of the ≥P₇₅ group was 1.57 times larger than that of the <P₂₅ group (95%CI: 1.06-2.31, P<0.05). Conclusion The three-lncRNA signature, which established by LNCSRLR, MKLN1-AS and ZFPM2-AS1, was significantly associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on TCGA database data.

Objective To investigate the effect of lower thoracic epidural block on intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats.Methods Sixty-four male SD rats placed with lower thoracic epidural catheter were randomly divided into four groups (n=1 6 each):group Sham (sham operation),group HSR (hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation),group NS (hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation+epidural saline 100 μl/kg),and group TEA (hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation+epidural 0.075% ropivacaine 100 μl/kg).The hemorrhagic shock was made described by Chaudry.Rats were resuscitated by transfusing shed blood and normal saline 60 min after hemorrhagic shock.Malondialdehyde (MDA)content,superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity, and protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in intestinal epithelium were detected,and epithelial apoptosis index was calculated at 2 h after resuscitation.Results Compared with group Sham,intestinal epithe-lial MDA,Bax expression and epithelial apoptosis were significantly increased,while SOD activity were markedly decreased in groups HSR,NS and TEA (P<0.05).Compared with groups HSR and NS,intestinal epithelial MDA,Bax expression and epithelial apoptosis were significantly decreased, while SOD activity and Bcl-2 expression were markedly increased in group TEA (P <0.05 ). Conclusion Lower thoracic epidural block can enhance the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic ability,and inhibit the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis of intestinal epithelium.Therefore,it can promote the survival rate after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation through protecting intestinal barrier.