OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of pediatric adverse drug reactions(ADR)in our hos-pital in order to promote rational drug use of children. METHODS:In retrospective study,378 pediatric ADR cases collected from our hospital during 2010-2014 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 378 pediatric ADR cases,255 cases were male (67.46%),and 123 cases were female (32.54%);the incidence of ADR in patients aged from one year to three years were the highest (27.51%);most of the cases were induced by intravenous injection,accounting for 87.57%(331 cases);sterile powder for injection was main dosage form (236 cases,62.43%) anti-infective agents were the major cause of ADR in respect of drug types (50.26%),among which cephalothin ranked the first place(43.68%);the lesion of skin and its appendants were the most common clinical manifestation of ADR(56.35%),such as erythra and pruritus. And most of the cases were cured(64.29%)or im-proved(34.66%)after treatment. CONCLUSIONS:The occurrence of ADR are related to multiple factors,such as administration route and drug varieties. Great importance should be attached to indication,route of adiminstration,method,speed and so on,in order to promote rational drug use and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

Objective To discuss influence factors on prognosis of the patients with capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in ICU.Methods The clinical data of 191 patients with CLS in ICU were reviewed,and the patients were divided into three groups according to prognosis:death group ( n =37),cured group ( n =132) and non-healed group (n =22).The clinical data of death group were compared with those of cured group at admission,during the course of CLS and before discharging from hospital.Results Compared with the cured group,the central venous pressure and serum albumin decreased ( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; anion gap,triglycerides,pressure adjusted heart rate (PAHR) and oxygenation index were lower ( P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05) ; serum glucose and SIRS score increased ( P ＜ 0.01 ) in death group.There was higher rate of poor renal function at admission in death group than that in other groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There were more many patients treated with intravenous administration of hydroxyethyl starch,ulinastatin and continuous blood filtration therapy in cured group than those in other groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The factors influencing the outcomes of the patients with CLS were hypovolemia,severe hypoproteinemia,interior milieu disorder,malnutrition,hypoxemia,renal injury and severe systemic inflammatory response.The outcomes of patients with CLS in ICU could be improved by using hydroxyethyl starch,ulinastatin and continuous blood filtration therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of liraglutide and insulin glargine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and conduct pharmacoeconomic analysis, and to provide economical and reasonable T2DM treatment plan. METHODS:80 T2DM patients were randomized into liraglutide group and insulin glargine group,with 40 cases in each group. Both groups were given Metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablet orally 0.5-2.0 g/d,and diabetes mellitus diet and sport training guide after oral antidiabetic drug withdrawal of previous treatment plan. Liraglutide group was given Liraglutide injection hypodermically,0.6-1.2 mg,qd;insulin glargine group was given insulin glargine hypodermically at 22 o’clock,initial dose of 0.2 IU/(kg·d),adjusted according to the levels of PG,FBG,nocturnal blood glucose level till FBG≤7 mmo1/L and 2 h PG ≤10 mmol/L in both group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 12 weeks. The changes of FBG,2 h PG,HbA1c and BMI were ob-served in 2 groups before and after treatment. 2 therapy plans were evaluated and compared by cost-minimization analysis. RE-SULTS:After treatment,the levels of FBG,2 h PG and HbA1c decreased significantly in 2 groups,compared to before treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05),but there was no statistical significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treat-ment,BMI of liraglutide group decreased significantly compared with before treatment and insulin glargine group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in BMI of insulin glargine group before and after treatment (P>0.05). Cost-minimization analysis showed that the cost of insulin glargine group in reducing FBG,2 h PG and HbA1c were less than liraglutide group,but were more than liraglutide group in reducing BMI. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability and reliability of cost-minimization analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Lira-glutide and insulin glargine have the same clinical efficacy,but insulin glargine need lower cost in blood glucose control,and liraglutide is better therapy plan for body weight control.