entrate graft can block pathologic process and improve the inclusion of femoral head and increase blood circulation of femoral head, which is beneficial to its recovery.

Statistically analyses SIEMENS SIREGRAPH CF digital gastrointestinal machine the breakdown and maintenance cost which appears in the radialized practice by the note for the fault maintenance,making fault statistics by Excel,discusses in the emission practice,how displays the equipment benefit fully and saves the service cost possibly,and the results of digital gastrointetinal machine's fault frequency of system is got.to discuss the reasonality of this kind of equipment voluntarily services in second level of hospital.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):78-79]

Objective To explore the efficacy of Cohen ureteric reimplantation for congenital malformation of vesicoureteral junction in children.Methods From February 2014 to August 2016,12 children with congenital monstrositas of vesicoureteral junction obstruction who were treated with pneumoeystoscopic Cohen ureteric reimplantation in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital were selected.In these cases,8 males and 4 females,their ages ranged from 2 months past 1 year to 11 years,and the average age was 5.26 years.In the 12 patients,there were 6 cases with left vesicoureteral junction obstruction,and 1 case with right vesicoureteral junction obstruction,1 case with left ureter cyst and duplication of ureter ectopic opening,1 case with right duplex kidney and ureter cyst,1 case with right primary vesicoureteric reflux and left vesicoureteral junction obstruction,2 cases with bilateral primary vesicoureteric reflux and 1 case with ureter cyst.A foley catheter and ureteral stent was indwelled in each patient but no bladder fistula was made.All of the patients underwent pneumocystoscopic Cohen ureteric reimplantation.The stenting catheters were removed in 1-3 months after surgery.B ultrasonography was used to follow the degree of the dilatation of ureter and hydronephrosis.Urinalysis was conducted to detect the urinary tract infection.Intravenous urography examination was conducted to detect anastomotic stenosis.Voiding cystourethrography was performed to show ureteral reflux.Results All procedures were accomplished without conversion.The duration of operations ranged from 100 to 330 min (mean 207 min).All patients were followed up for 3 to 10 months,but no urinary tract infection and anastomotic obstruction occurred,and B ultrasonography showed that hydronephrosis or dilatation of ureter were improved in different degrees or disappeared.Two cases of ureteral reflux occurred in the early follow-up,and these cases recovered after being given symptomatic treatment.Conclusions The pneumocystoscopic Cohen ureteric reimplantation is a safe and effective option for congenital malformation of vesicoureteral junction in children.

Objective:To investigate the function of breast cancer susceptibility gene variants in predicting breast cancer risk and guid-ing clinical treatment through DNA sequencing. Methods:This study involved 146 patients, 71 high-risk cases, and 55 healthy people, totaling 272 cases. The subjects were treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from November 2013 to July 2015. Genomic DNA was sequenced by a second generation sequencing platform. All exon areas of six common breast cancer suscepti-bility genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, STK11, TP53, and RAP1) were sequenced through amplicon sequencing method. Meaningful vari-ants including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion-deletions (InDels) and nonsense mutations were selected and statistical methods, such as t test andχ2 test, were used to analyze the statistical differences in incidence rates among three groups. Results:A total of 177 meaningful variants were confirmed, including 50 SNVs, 8 nonsense mutations, and 9 InDels. Among the variants, 31 were recorded in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), 40 were noted in ClinVar database, and 21 were not encoded in the present da-tabase, which were defined as new variants in this study. Conversely, 57 variants (85.1%) were found in breast cancer patients and high-risk cases, and the incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis (P=0.010) and pathological stages (P=0.002) in mutation positive patients were both higher than mutation negative patients. Moreover, the percentage of family history of cancer (P=0.005) and triple negative breast cancer (P=0.009) were both higher in patients carrying pathogenic mutations than in nonpathogenic patients. Conclu-sion:Breast cancer susceptibility gene variants may not only be a tool used to predict the risk of getting breast cancer but also a mean-ingful guideline for the clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) with the all-seeing needle system(Microperc)for the treatment of upper urinary calculi in children. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 25 cases of upper urolithiasis treated with Microperc from November 2016 to January 2018 in Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital was performed, including 18 boys and 7 girls.The age of patients was (6.4±3.9) years(10 months-14 years), and 4 cases were less than 3 years old.Among them, 3 cases had upper ureteral calculi and 22 cases had renal calculi.The mean stone size was 14.5 mm(8-20 mm). Stone fragmentation was performed by using a 200 μm holmium(YAG laser fiber). Results: All patients were successfully treated in stage I. In 6 patients, access was achieved through the 4.8Fr all-seeing needle method.Conversion to mini-PCNL (10-12Fr) was required in 19 patients due to intraoperative bleeding and high stone burden.The duration of operation time was (60.8±15.1) min (40-100 min). The mean postoperative drop in hemoglobin was (7.5±5.4) g/L, and no patient required blood transfusion.The hospital stay was (4.9±1.2) days (3-6 days). There were residual fragments in 3 patients, and the overall stone-free rate at 4 weeks was 88%(22/25 cases). Four cases had a fever(Clavien grade Ⅰ) complications, while no grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ complications were observed. Conclusions Microperc can establish a surgical channel through visual images quickly and safely, and it greatly reduces the risk and difficulty in doing operation.This technology is not only suitable for learner of surgery, but also for patients with mild hydronephrosis and children with calculus.

Objective : To investigate the effect of miR-135a-5p on the expression levels of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone in the testicular tissues of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mouse． Methods : A model of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism in mouse was constructed，and the experiment was divided into normal control group，flutamide group，flutamide + miR-135a-5p knockdown group and flutamide + miR-135a-5p overexpression group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-135a-5p and INSL3 mRNA．Western blot was em- ployed to assess the protein expression level of INSL3．ELISA was performed to measure the expression level of tes- tosterone. Results : The expression levels of miR-135a-5p，INSL3 mRNA and protein and testosterone were significantly down-regulated in the testis of cryptorchid mice by flutamide (P＜0. 05) ．Knockdown of miR-135a-5p could downregulate the expression of INSL3 mRNA，INSL3 protein and testosterone (P ＜0. 01 ) ，while overexpression of miR-135a-5p had the opposite result． Conclusion miR-135a-5p decreased in flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mouse testicular tissues，and overexpression of miR-135a-5p could restore the expression levels of INSL3 and testosterone.