OBJECTIVE: To prepare pentoxifylline(PTX) modified release capsule and to investigate its in vitro drug release characteristics. METHODS: The orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the formula and the preparation technics; and the contents of PTX were determined by UV - spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The optimized formula and preparation technics were as follows: PTX 200mg, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose 90mg, stearic acid 60mg, octadecyl alcohol 50mg, flu-idization for 25min at 80℃;PTX assumed linear relationship with absorbability at the range of 1.0-10.0?g /ml(r = 0.9 995), the average recovery was 101.24% , RSD = 1.27% (n = 6) . CONCLUSION: The optimized technics is simple and easy to handle; PTX modified release capsules prepared in the technics were of good stability and which have an obvious in vitro slow release property.

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that patients managed with hemodialysis experience decrease of quality of life. But there are a few reports about the relationship between the self-management behavior such as dietary behavior, taking medicine, management behavior of physical sign etc and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in hemodialysis patients.OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between self-management behavior and HRQOL in Chinese hemodialysis patients,especially potential association of self-management behavior variables with indicators of HRQOL in order to improve their quality of life (QOL).DESIGN: Sampling investigation based on hemodialysis patients.SETTING: Nursing department and dialysis center in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: This research was completed in the Nursing Department of First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University. Totally 120hemodialysis patients,63 males and 57 females,aged 19 -79 years old with the mean age of(52 ± 12),were selected from the First and Second Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University,the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University,the Central and the Second Hospital of Shenyang Medical College,from July to September 2003. Inclusion criteria: Patients above 18years old,dialysis history more than 3 months with twice or three times every week,understanding the questionnaires and being volunteers. Exclusion criteria: Patients with acute disease and mental disorder.METHODS: Self-administered questionnaire was used to measure self-management behavior and short-form 36 health survey(SF-36) was used to measure HRQOL of patients with hemodialysis. Correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to test the relationship between self-management behavior and HRQOL.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-management behavior and HRQOL.RESULTS: Totally 107 questionnaires were available. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that management of physical,psychosocial activity was the significant factor of.physical component summary(regression coefficient = 2.709,R2 =0. 150,P<0.01),and management of physical sign,psychosocial behavior was the significant factor of mental component summary(regressioncoefficient=1.126,R2=0.041,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Improving hemodialysis patients' management of physical,psychosocial activity and management of physical sign could help hemodialysis patients to raise their HRQOL.

Objective To explore the bronchial obstruction reversibility in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and to conduct a comparison with that in patients with asthma. Methods The pulmonary ventilation function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and with asthma before and after inhaling salbutamol inhaler was separately determined with 6200 Autobox DL, and all corresponding parameters of in two groups were compared. Results No difference of the corresponding parameters of baseline ventilation function in two groups was found. The pulmonary function of patients in two groups was obviously improved after inhalation of drug( P

OBJECTIVE:To compare the anesthetic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and propofol in pain-less colonoscopy. METHODS:80 patients who underwent painless colonoscopy was retrospectively analyzed and divided into group A and group B. Group A was given loading dose of 1 mg/kg propofol within 30 s and maintained with 6 mg/(kg·h);group B was given loading dose of 0.3 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection by micropump for slow pumping 5 min and maintained with 0.2-0.3 μg/(kg·h). Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),oxygen saturation(SpO2)and respiratory rate(RR)be-fore examination (T0),before microscopic examination (T1),1 min (T2) and 10 min(T3) after microscopic examination,1 min (T4)and 5 min(T5)after colonoscopy withdrawal,onset time of anesthesia,entry time,examination time and discharge time,pa-tients with adjunctive use of fentanyl and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:MAP in group A at T1 was significantly lower than T0,HR in 2 groups at T1-T3 was significantly lower than T0,the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05),however,there were no significant differences in the SpO2 and RR between 2 groups(P>0.05). Onset time of an-esthesia,patients with adjunctive use of fentanyl and incidence of adverse reactions in group B were significantly lower than group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and propofol has good anesthetic effect in painless colonoscopy,but dexmedetomidine has better safety.

The procedure to delineate the maximal forced inspiratory flow volume curve(MIFVC)was described and the curve was determined in 56 normal subjects to serve as the control and 62 patients with various chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD).It was found that MIFVC was significantly lower in patients with various COPD than in the control(P

Objective To obtain the information of therapies with beta blocker in patients with heart failure in our hospital. Methods 408 hospitalized cases in 2004 and 213 outpatients from April to July in 2005 with chronic heart failure from the cardiology department were collected. Results In hospitalized cases,of 54.9% patients were prescribed beta blocker,and only 4% of them arrived at target dosage and 24.9% of them arrived at half of target dosage. 86.1% of them were given metoprolol. The maximum dosage was (54.25?34.26) mg/d,the mean was equal to the 36.17% of target dosage. Among outpatients,77.5% were taken beta blocker,and only 2.5% of them reached the target dosage and 26.6% of them reached half of target dosage; and 89.7% of them were frequently given the metoprolol,the average dosage was up to 35% of the target dosage. Conclusions There was a great gap between the clinical practice and guideline of beta blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. The prescribed dose of beta blocker was lower than the target dosage.

Objective To investigate the effects of clonidine on the visceral pain induced by acute myocardial ischemia. Methods Male SD rats weighing 250-280 g were operated upon under general anesthesia with intraperitoneal methane 1.2 g/kg and local infiltration of the skin incision. After tracheal intubation, the animals were mechanically ventilated (VT = 5-7 ml/kg, RR = 75 bpm). The anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was occluded with a snare through the left 4 th intercostal space. The animals were then fastened to a brain stereotaxic instrument and a burr hole was made in the skull. A glass micro-electrode was inserted into the brain. The discharges of noxious stimulation responding neuron (NSRN) in parafascicular nucleus were recorded. Twenty-four rats detected NSRN showed response to coronary artery occlusion (CAO) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each): group Ⅰ CAO + normal saline 0.1 ml; group Ⅱ CAO + elonidine 30 μg; group Ⅲ CAO + clanidine 100 μg; group Ⅳ CAO + clonidine 100 μg + yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) 200 μg. In group Ⅳ , clonidine was administered intravenously 15 min after CAO, and then yohimbine was injected intravenously 15 min later. The discharges of NSRN were recorded every 5 min for 60 min from the beginning of CAO. Results Clonidine 100 μg significantly inhibited the increased frequency of nociceptive discharge rate of NSRN after CAO. However, this effect could be blocked by the α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine.Conclusion Clonidine 100 μg can reduce the visceral pain induced by acute myocardial ischemia through activiting α2-adrenergic receptor.

BACKGROUND:Long-distance, large-range tracheal stenosis or defects are often seen in clinic, and laryngotracheal reconstruction is stil a difficult problem. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of animal autologous cartilage transplantation in laryngotracheal reconstruction. METHODS:The cricoid cartilage and partial anterior tracheal wal from New Zealand rabbits were resected to prepare laryngotracheal defect models. Then, autologous costal perichondrium was taken for transplantation. After 8-24 weeks, surviving animals were sacrificed to observe the repair effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:General observation showed that animals breathed and ate normaly, the implanted cartilage bonded tightly with the surrounding tissue, the wound healed wel without granulation tissue and scar formation, and there was a smooth inner surface covered by mucosa in the lumen. Under the light microscope, there was some mucosa generating at the wound site, and some fibroblasts and striated muscle cels existed in the outer layer, with a smal amount of new cartilage formation. There was also a linking between chondrocytes and muscle cels. These findings indicate that autologous cartilage transplantation can be applied for laryngotracheal reconstruction in animals, which has a good effect.

Objective To understand the practical application of drug intervention in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) for providing evidences and data for a standard treatment. Methods The elderly CHF patients aged at least 60 years who were hospitalized from July 1973 toJuly 2007 in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and from January 1983 to December 2002 in Tianjin First Center Hospital were enrolled. The age, gender, etiology, heart function and drug therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1973-,group 1980-, group 1990- and group 2000-2007. And the data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 4704 cases were enrolled, of which there were 2430 (51.7%)male and 2274 (48. 3%) female. Mean age was (71.3±-7. 1) years. The patients aged 80 years andover accounted for 12.8% (603/4704). The first three ranking causes were pulmonary heart disease,coronary heart disease and rheumatoid heart disease in group 1973- and 1980-. And those were coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and rheumatoid heart disease in group 1990 and 2000-2007. The combined uses of angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) and β-receptor blocker,and of ACEI, β-receptor blocker and aldosterone antagonist were also increasing year by year. Patients with coronary heart disease, rheumatoid heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy had a higher proportion of multiple drugs cotreatment. The differences in the frequency of all drugs use among four groups of CHF had a statistical significance (p＜0.05). The usage of ACEI combined with β-receptor blocker and aldosterone antagonist, and ACEI combined withβ-receptor blocker, diuretic and digitalis was increasing along with the heart function becoming serious. The patients with a heart function of New York Heart Association (NYHA) Ⅱ or Ⅲ class received more β-receptor blocker. And ACEI was used at most in patients with NYHA Ⅲ class. The angiotension Ⅱ receptor blockers(ARB) was used at most in NYHA Ⅲ or Ⅳ class. Conclusions Nitrate, diuretic and digitalis are the main therapeutic agents in hospitalized patients with CHF in some regions of Tianjin. ACEI, β-receptor blocker and ARB are used in a rapid increment. There are still some problems such as standardizing the heart failure treatment and prevention in the elderly.

Objective To analyze the correlation between fetal right aortic arch and chromosome ab-normality by ultrasound.Methods From January Jan 2009 to Dec 2014,nineteen cases with fetal right aortic arch were enrolled.They were all determined by chromosome karyotype analysis.The correlation of fetal right aortic arch and chromosome abnormalities detected by ultrasound were evaluated.Results Left lock,a “U”shaped vascular structure,were found in 15 cases.One case of fetal aortic arch was surrounded by a “O”shaped package.Three cases of right aortic arch showed fetal left artery catheter and brachiocephalic artery ima-ging branch.Echocardiography mainly for arterial catheter in three vessel trachea view did not show up.Artery catheter,in front of the trachea,did not form the vascular ring.Nineteen cases of right aortic arch were exam-ined by fetal karyotype analysis.Three patients with trisomy 18-karyotype presented ventricular septal defect, single artium,three tricuspid atresia,pulmonary artery stenosis.Four cases with trisomy 18-karyotype presen-ted ventricular septal defect,complete atrioventricular canal,single artium,double outlet right ventricle,pul-monary artery stenosis in atresia.Three cases with trisomy 21 -karyotype showed single ventricle,single atri-um.One case was with tetralogy of Fallot and one case with dextrocardia,aortic stenosis,accompanied by 22q 1 1.2.Conclusion In prenatal ultrasound screening,we should pay attention to three vessels-trachea view on ultrasound image,which can improve the detection rate of right aortic arch.Fetal right aortic arch and triso-my 18-,trisomy 21 -,chromosomal diseases are substantially correlated.Further analysis of chromosome kary-otype is needed to exclude chromosomal lesions,so as to achieve the purpose of prenatal and postnatal care.