Neonatal mortality has been significantly decreased because of the development of neo-natal respiratory support techniques. Nevertheless,constant and high frequency ventilators have some limita-tions to solve all problems in neonatal respiratory failure. Special mechanical ventilation,mainly including he-liox and partial liquid ventilation,provides new respiratory support for newborn infants. The clinical signifi-cance of heliox and partial liquid ventilation need further investigation.

Objective To study the pathological features of two huge spontaneous tumors in Wistar and GK rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats and 40 GK rats were included in this study. Among those rats, two huge spontaneous tumors were observed in a Wistar rat at 14 months of age and in a GK rat at 22 months of age. The growth and survival status of the tumor?bearing rats were recorded. The tumors were surgically removed, and their pathological features were examined using HE and immunohistochemical staining (vimentin, CK19, α?SMA, CD31, CD34, S?100, NF及Ki?67). Results Both the two tumors were completely resected by surgery without much difficulties, and both host rats survived well after the operation. The weight of the two huge tumors was 502 g and 119 g, which corresponding to 64% and 24% of the body weight of their host rats, respectively. The tumors surface had a complete capsule, with a clear boundary separating from the normal surrounding tissues, and no vascular pedicle structure was found. According to the results of immunohistochemical staining, both the two tumors were diagnosed as benign fibroma. Conclusion This type of huge spontaneous tumors is benign fibroma. Besides the impact on the activities of the rats, the tumors have no significant impact on the living conditions in the hosts.

Objective To investigate the effect of IH764-3 on the leukocyte-mediated hypoxia-reoxygention injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBM VEC). Methods MTT assay was used to detect the survival of HBMVEC; gelatin zymography was used to check the activity of MMPs. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leukocyte was determined via commercially available kit, and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the contents of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2 and INF-γ in leukocyte culture medium. Results Survival of HBMVEC was impaired by hypoxia-reoxygenation, which was aggravated by supernatant of activated leukocytes but was attenuated by IH764-3. Leukocytes produced high level of MMP-9, ROS and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2, IFN-γ) after hypoxia-reoxygenation, the process was inhibited by IH 764-3. Furthermore, IH764-3 could effectively reverse hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of HBMVEC with supernatant of activated leukocytes. Conclusion IH764-3 can protect HBMVEC from leukocyte-involved hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by attenuating the activation of leukocytes and inhibiting the pathogenic effects of leukocytes products.

In INS-1 cells, the insulin secretion was investigated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) after 4 h incubation in medium containing different concentrations of glucose and recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (rhGLP-1) (7-36). Insulin mRNA level in INS-1 cells was assessed by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. rhGLP-1 (7-36) is not only a powerful insulin secretagogue, but also can increase insulin gene expression in INS-1 cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of IH764-3 on the leukocyte-mediated hypoxia-reoxygention injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMVEC). Methods MTT assay was used to detect the survival of HBMVEC; gelatin zymography was used to check the activity of MMPs. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leukocyte was determined via commercially available kit,and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the contents of TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-2 and INF-? in leukocyte culture medium.Results Survival of HBMVEC was impaired by hypoxia-reoxygenation,which was aggravated by supernatant of activated leukocytes but was attenuated by IH764-3. Leukocytes produced high level of MMP-9,ROS and cytokines (TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-2,IFN-?) after hypoxia-reoxygenation,the process was inhibited by IH 764-3. Furthermore,IH764-3 could effectively reverse hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of HBMVEC with supernatant of activated leukocytes. Conclusion IH764-3 can protect HBMVEC from leukocyte-involved hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by attenuating the activation of leukocytes and inhibiting the pathogenic effects of leukocytes products.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of unbalanced expressions of endothelin receptors (ETA/ETB )in cerebral vasospasm (CVS)after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods The rat CVS models were established by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna the second time.Basilar artery morphology was observed under light microscope and immunofluorescence staining was conducted to dynamically detect ETA/ETB receptor expression.Results The cross-sectional area of the basilar artery in the SAH model group decreased at 2 d to 3 d,and then gradually returned to normal.ETA receptor expression in endothelial cells of the basilar artery increased at 2 d after SAH,peaked at 3 d and remained increased till 14 d.ETB receptor expression increased significantly in endothelial cells at 3 d,peaked at 7 d and remained the same level till 14 d.Conclusion The results suggest that ETA/ETB receptors play an important role in cerebral vasospasm after SAH.The specific expression differences of ETB receptor subtypes in the brain vascular layers need further study.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells are important non-hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, which can stimulate angiogenesis. While, Slit can also stimulate angiogenesis, as many studies have proved. OBJECTIVE:To review the biological functions, clinical application and effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Slit2 on promoting angiogenesis. METHODS:A computer-based online research of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed to col ect articles published between 1980 and 2014 with the keywords“MSCs”and“Slit2”in Chinese and English. There were 436 articles after the initial survey. Final y, 65 articles were included according inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Slit2 play an important role in promoting angiogenesis, but the relevance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Slit2 is stil controversial. If assuming that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells secrete Slit2, more researches should be done to reveal whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoting angiogenesis is relevant to Slit2 and through which signaling pathway Slit2/Robo functions to adjust bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells thus to promote angiogenesis. If relevant, the transplantation of the Slit2 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells wil be a promising treatment of cerebral infarction and other central nervous injuries.

Objective To study the dynamic expression and distribution of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)in diffuse axonal injury (DAI)in rats and to clarify its involvement in the inflammatory reaction after DAI in rats,in order to provide new targets for the clinical treatment of DAI.Methods A DAI model was established using a coronal rotation device and evaluated by HE,Glees-Marsland silver staining,and Mallory phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining.Immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression and distribution of HMGB-1 in the cortex of DAI rats at 6 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d.And TUNEL was used to examine the apoptosis of neurons in DAI rats.Results Immunohistochemical results showed that at 6 h and 1 d after DAI,the number of HMGB-1-positive cells decreased,but at 3 and 7 d it began to increase.Western blot also showed that during the early stage after DAI (6 h and 1 d),the level of HMGB-1 protein in the cortex was significantly lower than that in the control group,but at the late stage (3 and 7 d)after DAI it significantly increased compared with that in the control group until 7 d.RT-PCR showed that at 6 h after DAI there was no significant increase in the level of HMGB-1mRNA,but at 1 d there was a slight increase compared with the control group;at 3 and 7 d,it showed an obvious significance.TUNEL staining indicated that the significant neuronal apoptosis appeared as early as 6 h after DAI,and reached the peak at 3 d;it started to decrease at 7 d but still remained at a relatively high level.Conclusion The dynamic expression and distribution of HMGB-1 showed significant changes with the time course after DAI in rats.They decreased at the early stage but increased at the late stage.At the early stage, HMGB-1 is mainly passively released by the necrotic neurons,and at the late stage it may be actively secreted by the active inflammatory cells.HMGB-1 may mediate the post-DAI neural cell apoptosis by inducing the inflammatory reaction.

ObjectiveTo summarize and investigate the incidence,reason,diagnosis and treatment of postoperative early cardiac arrhythmia after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Method A retrospective study was made for the incidence,dignosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia (two weeks after OLT) following OLT from June 2004 to January 2012 in the Beijing You-An Hospital.ResultsIn 500 patients who received OLT,Cardiac arrhythmia developed in 82 patients (16.4％).Among these cardiac arrhythmia,35(7.0 ％) were sick sinus syndrome (including severe sinus bradycardia ),18 (3.6 ％ ) were paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,21(4.2 ％) were atrial fibrillation,8(1.6 ％,including 2 patients with torsades de pointes) were ventricular tachycardia and 4 (0.8 ％ )were cardiac arrest.Mortality rate after OLT relate to cardiac arrhythmia was 0.4％ (2 patients).Cardiac arrhythmia was mainly correlated with four factors:(1)whether patient had heart disease before OLT or not(x2 =15.82,P＜0.01),(2)Prolonged QT interval in patients with end-stage liver disease before OLT(x2 =11.00,P＜0.01).ConclusionsCardiac arrhythmia was common complication after OLT,and it can lead to death of recipients.Careful evaluation to recipients before OLT,controlling fluid load after OLT,keeping the balance of the electrolyte,acidity and alkalescence,giving intensive monitor to patients with heart disease before OLT and prolonged QT interval are the key factor to reduce incidence and mortality of cardiac arrhythmia.Application of medication and cardiac pacemaker can prevent cardiovascular accident after OLT.

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of ADC measurements at 1.5 vs 3.0 T and at 1.5 T of different scanners in liver,spleen and pancreas of healthy volunteers.Methods Abdominal DWI were performed on 33 healthy volunteers by using GE 1.5 T,Siemens 1.5 T and Philips 3.0 T MR scanners.The mean ADC values of liver,spleen,pancreatic head,body,and tail were calculated.The ADC data were analyzed by using paired-sample t tests.Results The mean ADC of liver at GE 1.5 T,Siemens 1.5T and Philips 3.0 T were (1.56 ±0.10) ×10-3,(1.67 ±0.15) ×10-3 and(1.35 ±0.12) ×10-3 mm2/s,spleen were (0.96±0.10) × 10 3,(0.98 ±0.11) ×10-3and(0.81 ±0.14) × 10-3 mm2/s,pancreatic head were (2.09 ± 0.27) × 10-3,(2.20 ± 0.21) × 10-3 and (2.05 ± 0.27) × 10-3 mm2/s,pancreatic body were (2.03 ± 0.27) × 10-3,(2.09 ± 0.30) × 10-3 and (1.76 ± 0.25) × 10-3 mm2/s,pancreatic tail were (1.88 ± 0.28) × 10-3,(1.88 ± 0.27) × 10-3 and (1.56 ± 0.27) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.From the aspect of different field strength MR scanners,there were significant differences in mean ADC of liver (t =11.073,P ＜0.01 in GE 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T; t =12.795,P ＜0.01 in Siemens 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T),spleen (t =4.143,P ＜ 0.01 in GE 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T; t =5.376,P ＜ 0.01 in Siemens 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T),pancreatic body (t =4.677,P ＜ 0.01 in GE 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T; t =5.174,P ＜0.01 in Siemens 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T) and tail (t =5.356,P ＜0.01 in GE 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T; t =4.648,P ＜0.01 in Siemens 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T),but there were no significant differences in mean ADC of pancreatic head (t =0.340,P ＞ 0.05 in GE 1.5 T vs Philips 3.0 T; t =1.349,P ＞ 0.05 in Siemens 1.5 T vs Philips3.0 T).From the aspect of different 1.5 T MR scanners,there were significant differences in mean ADC of liver (t =-4.563,P ＜ 0.01),but there were no significant differences in mean ADC of spleen (t =-0.732,P ＞ 0.05),pancreatic head (t =-0.879,P ＞ 0.05),body (t =-1.020,P ＞0.05) and tail (t =0.054,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Between 1.5 T and 3.0 T MR scanners,there were significant differences in mean ADC of liver,spleen,pancreatic body and tail,but there were no significant differences in mean ADC of pancreatic head.At different 1.5 T MR scanners,there were significant differences in mean ADC of liver,but there were no significant differences in mean ADC of spleen,pancreatic head,body and tail.