Based on the description of styles and characteristics of fume hoods in modern laboratories, this paper analyzes the control strategies in fume hoods and ventilation systems and discusses the control and application of VAV as well as its advantages on safety, energy conservation and comfort.

Objective To evaluate file efficacy and safty of central venous cathetr compared with conventional chest tube for closed pleural drainage in the treatment of traumatic hemothorax Method Totally 299 patients of traumatic hemothorax with middling or large effusions,in emergency department,Second Hospital .Affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University,from January 2003 to May 2007,were prospective controlled studied.All the 299 patients of were divided into catheter group (n=156) or tube group(n=143) according as patients'hospitalization date was odd or even number respectively.Patients in catheter group underwent drainage by central venous catheter using the Seldinger technique,and patients in tube group did by conventional chest tube using conventional technique.A unue drainage bag system or a wate seal system was connected with the end of the catheter or the tube respectively.The surgical operation time,the successful rate of treatment,the occurreuce rate of serious complications,the using rate of anodyne,the time of cut concrescence and the occurrence rate of cut infection were compared,and the drainage time and the correlative expenses in patients treated successfully were further compared.The data were analyzed by using t or X2 test with SPSS 13.0.A P value less than 0.05 indicated statistical signficance.Results Compared with robe group,the surgical operation time,the using rate of anodyne,the time of cut concrescence and the occurrence rate of cut infection were significantly decreased(P<0.05) in catheter group.There were not significant differences between two groups in the suecessful rate of treatment and the occurrence rate of serious complications(P>0.05).There were not significant differences between two groups in the drainage time and the corrective expenses of patients treated successfully(>0.05).Conclusions Use of central venous catheter catheters for closed pleural drainage in the treatment of traumatic hemothorax is effective,safe,and well-tolerated.It was more simple and less invasive as a procedure compared with conventional large-bore chest robe.

Objective To review the influence of 131I therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods Published articles of prospective randomized controlled study,clinical controlled study or case-control study on BMD change in patients with hyperthyroidism after 131I therapy were selected from PubMed,the Excerpta Media Database (Embase),Cochrane library,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang Database,Vip Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.Data from the date of database establishment to October 2015 were all reviewed.The languages were restricted to English and Chinese.Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.Results Thirteen trials with a total of 668 hyperthyroidism patients were included.The meta-analysis showed that BMD of the lumbar spine,hip joint,femoral neck and osteocalcin were significantly improved after 131I therapy.The weighted mean difference (WMD) for BMD of the lumbar spine was 0.07 (95％ CI:0.04-0.11),P=0.O00 2;that of the hip joint and the femoral neck was 0.13(95％ CI:0.09-0.16) and 0.05(95％ CI:0.03-0.06),respectively(both P＜0.01).The standardized mean difference (SMD) of osteocalcin was-1.20(95％ CI:-1.43--0.97) with P＜0.01.Furthermore,the improvements were time dependent within the 2 years' follow-up.Conclusions 131I therapy improves the BMD and osteocalcin in patients with hyperthyroidism in a time dependent manner within 2 years' follow-up.

According to the talented persons development project to the clinical medical profession promulgated by the university in 2005,we have been taking great effort on the reformation of the course system,the teaching content,method and the teaching form for organic chemistry experiment,and we compiled the new experimental teaching material of organic chemistry which has been published in the university.From the teaching practice of the class of clinical medical profession of 2005,we have obtained satisfatory teaching result.

Objective: To measure the position of the mandibular nerve canal at the mandibular second molar by CBCT image data, analyze the theoretical implantation range of trans-alveolar implantation, and provide a theoretical solution to insufficiency of posterior mandibular bone volume in clinical practice. Methods: Eighty patients with missing mandibular second molars whose vertical bone height of the edentulous area was less than 9 mm were selected for CBCT image measurement, and the distances from the mandibular nerve canal to the buccal cortex, lingual cortex, and alveolar crest were measured to simulate trans-inferior alveolar nerve implantation. The angular range of the buccolingual inclination of the implant was also measured. Results: The distances from the mandibular nerve canal to the buccal cortex, lingual cortex and alveolar crest at the mandibular second molar were(6.913±1.222)mm, (2.859±0.891)mm and (7.991±0.783)mm, respectively. The distance from the mandibular nerve canal to the buccal cortex was significantly greater than that to the lingual cortex. And, 75% of the patients could be implanted by the inferior alveolar nerve. The minimum angle of buccolingual inclination of the simulated implant was 19.360°±7.086°, and the maximum angle was 39.462°±6.924°. Conclusion The mandibular nerve canal at the mandibular second molar is inclined toward the lingual side, which ensures sufficient buccal bone volume. Most patients with severe mandibular atrophy can still adopt implants of conventional length by trans-inferior alveolar nerve implantation to keep a safe distance from the nerve canal.

Objective: To investigate the value of MRI in the early diagnosis of diagnosis of dysbaric osteonecrosis. Methods: Labor hygiene investigation and occupation health were examined on 52 high pressure operating personnel, were selected for the examination of both shoulders, hips and knees with X-ray and CT scan. Results: The cystic sign in dysbaric osteonecrosis as an important imaging feature, which perform in the MRI examination for T1W I sequence showed low or slightly low signal and T2W I sequence showed high signal, and X-ray and CT have a lower detection rate than MRI. The Kappa consistency test showed a high consistency with the two methods. At the same time MRI examination also can discover the bone marrow cavity necrosis early pathological change. Conclusion MRI is an effective method for the diagnosis of early dysbaric osteonecrosis, which can improve the early diagnosis rate of dysbaric osteonecrosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases with unclear etiology.Its pathogenesis may be related to the intestinal immune imbalance caused by the interaction of multiple factors such as environment,genetics and intestinal microecology.Macrophages,as an important component of the immune system,can maintain a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-in-flammatory responses in the intestine.Macrophages can be divided into two polarization types:classical activa-tion(Ml)and alternative activation(M2)according to the different phenotypes and cytokines secreted by macrophages.The polarization of macrophages plays a key role in the subside of intestinal inflammation and the healing of mucosa.In the intestinal immune system of IBD,the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors caused by macrophage polarization imbalance can lead to sustained progression of intestinal mucosal inflammation and impairment of barrier function,playing a key role in IBD.The changes in macrophage polarization levels may affect the therapeutic effect of IBD.Therefore,targeting macrophage po-larization may be an important target for the treatment of IBD.This article summarizes the role of intestinal macrophage polarization in IBD and the impact of regulating macrophage polarization in IBD treatment to pro-vide reference for studying the new treatment methods for IBD.

The heterogeneity of exhausted T cells (Tex) is a critical determinant of immune checkpoint blockade therapy efficacy. However, few studies have explored exhausted T cell subpopulations in human cancers. In the present study, we examined samples from two cohorts of 175 patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to investigate two subsets of Tex, CD8⁺PD1⁺TCF1⁺ progenitor exhausted T cells (TCF1⁺Tex^prog) and CD8⁺PD1⁺TCF1^- terminally exhausted T cells (TCF1^-Tex^term). Moreover, fresh tumor samples from 34 patients with HNSCC were examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to further investigate their properties and cytotoxic capabilities and their correlation with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). mIHC and flow cytometry analysis showed that TCF1^-Tex^term represented a greater proportion of CD8⁺PD1⁺Tex than TCF1⁺Tex^prog in most patients. TCF1⁺Tex^prog produced abundant TNFα, while TCF1^-Tex^term expressed higher levels of CD103, TIM-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT. TCF1^-Tex^term exhibited a polyfunctional TNFα⁺GZMB⁺IFNγ⁺ phenotype; and were associated with better overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The results also indicated that larger proportions of TCF1^-Tex^term were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of Tregs. Therefore, it was concluded that TCF1^-Tex^term was the major CD8⁺PD1⁺Tex subset in the HNSCC TIME and that these cells favor patient survival. A high proportion of TCF1^-Tex^term was associated with greater Treg abundance.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Prognosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha