Objective To explore the value of combined determination of serum hepatic fibrosis index for evaluation on the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B(HBV).Methods 275 patients with HBV were selected as chronic hepatitis group,which were divided into the mild chronic hepatitis group(75 cases),chronic moderate hepatitis group (72 cases),chronic severe hepatitis group (65 cases),liver cirrhosis group (63 cases) according to the severity of disease.In addition,50 healthy population were selected as the healthy control group.The four liver fibrosis indicators included serum hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin (LN),collagen type Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ),type IV collagen(IV-C) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay and compared among the groups,and the diagnostic results of combined different indicators were compared.Results The indexes of HA,PC Ⅲ,IV-C,LN were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (t =2.567,2.687,2.811,2.741,all P ＜ 0.01).The hepatic fibrosis indexes were increased by with the severity and duration increased gradually (t =2.665,2.787,2.755,2.811,all P ＜ 0.01).The concentration-time curves area (AUC) of PC Ⅲ,Ⅳ-C,LN,HA were 0.680,0.825,0.716,0.826,respectively.Diagnosis value of three combination indicators in HA + PC Ⅲl + Ⅳ-C was highest.Conclusion The chemiluminescence dynamic detection of four liver fibrosis indicators is a good non-invasive detection method for guiding clinical diagnosis on the degree of liver fibrosis.

Objective To study the clinical application of laparoscopic operation and the morbidity and their prevention. Methods 21069 cases of laparoscopic surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Results Laparoscopic operation was used in 19 conditions including cholecystectomy (21002),hepatic operation (21), common bile duct calculi (3), spleen trauma (1),kidney cyst (3),gynoplasty (16),chest surgery (2), intestinal adhesion (14),assistant Miles (3),appendectomy (2),mesentery teratoma (1).Major complications (60) (0.29%) included injury of choleduct (18), bile leakage (18),hemorrhage (17),the injury of gastrointestinal tract (7). Conclusions Laparoscopic operation may be in a more extensive seope. The major complications can be reduced by strict procedures of laparoscopic operation.

Autophagy, a cellular housekeeping process, is indispensable to controlling the homeostasis of cytoplasm by removing unused proteins and damaged cell organelles. This process involves different types of human diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases. Neurodegeneration is a critical pathological process of many eye diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. The retina and all intraocular cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress and injuries, including oxidative stress and starvation, which lead to autophagy. Autophagy promotes cell survival through the recycling of metabolic precursors, or promotes cell death if autophagy is over-active. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis have been shown to be harmonious or contrasting, depending on different experimental contexts. All of this contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. This paper reviews the mechanisms and regulation involved in autophagy, current understandings of neuronal autophagy in glaucoma and retina and strategies for therapeutic modulation.

Objective To study the concurrence of congenital ptosis and hypospadias and the relationship between the two. Methods The incidence rate and degree of ptosis were recorded for 254 cases of hypospadias. Results The morbidity of ptosis in hypospadias cases was 4.72％.The posterior hypospadias group had a higher ptosis rate than the anterior and middle hypospadias groups,P ＜ 0.05. While there was no statistical difference of severe ptosis morbidity rates between these two groups. Conclusions Congenital ptosis is a common concurrent anomaly of hypospadias outside the urogenital system.The severity of hypospadias is relevant with the morbidity of ptosis but not with the degree of ptosis.Hypospadias and ptosis may share common pathogenic or susceptive factors.

50%) or cultured with low concentration of serum,these cells tended to fuse to form myotubes,and were skeletal myosin~+.CONCLUSION: Preplate technique can effectively isolate MDSCs,this provides tissue engineering with a new type of seed cells.

AIM: To investigate the ratio of apoptotic index and proliferative index (AI/PI) in gastric cancer and their association with survival. METHODS: The apoptotic population and the proliferative population were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferative cells were identified by confocal microscope and Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival. RESULTS: AI and PI were strongly correlated with a Pearson coefficient of 0.58 (P

Objective To investigate the effect of tissue expansion in facial congenital giant nevus.Methods From October 2014 to October 2016,7 cases of facial congenital giant nevus patients were treated with expanded skin flaps,including single expansion and secondary expansion.Partial excision and skin tissue expansion were used to drastically remove giant pigmented nevi on body or extremities of infants.There were some points for attention during the surgery:the size and location of the partial excision and expander should be designed reasonably;no tumor-manipulation and non-tension principle should be taken great notice,and expanders should be linked up with one another when several expanders were used at the same time,so as to reduce the possibility of forming the envelop,which was favorable for the second surgery of transfer of a skin flap.Results All cases of giant pigmented nevi excision were on the face,which were completely removed from the patients.The areas of the nevi were from 7 cm × 5 cm to 15 cm × 13 cm.All patients were followed up for 3-12 months (mean 6 months).All flaps survived well.Expander exposure was happened in 2 cases with no bad results.One case of scar received late repair due to surgical scars and all got satisfactory results.Conclusions Tissue expansion is an ideal method in the treatment of facial congenital giant nevus.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and safety of Niaoshit on g pill in the treatment of urinary calculus.Method Multi- center randomized co ntrolled clinical trial was adopted. Three hundred and twenty cases were accepte d to the study, in which 200 cases were treated by Niaoshitong pill and 120 case s by Shilintong tablet as control. The effect of both groups was observed. Resul t 107 cases (53.5 % ) were cured, 53 cases(26.5 % ) effective, the total effe ctive rate being 80.0 % in the treatment group, and 27 cases(24.5 % ), 42 cas es (38.2 % ), and 62.7 % respectively in the control group. In a open group of 120 cases ,54 cases (45.0 % ) were cured, 44 cases (36.6 % ) were effective , the total effective rate being 81,6 % .Conclusion Niaoshitong pill can mark edly improve the clinical symptoms and exerts a strong lithagogue effect. It can promote the elimination of calculi after external blast lithotrity or ureterosc opic lithotrity, prevent the formation of 'stone street', and reduce the strictu re formed by the damage of ureter.

This article deals with the organ culture on hamster trachea under the normal condition. The result showed that the epithelium of trachea could be kept alive up to 8 th-week at most by means of rotatory method of incubation. The culture media are RPMI 1640 (Nissui) and Eagle MEM (Nissui). Each medium was with or without bovine serum added. The results of histological, ultrastructural, radioautographic observations exhibited that the tracheal epithelia of hamster before culture showed ciliated columnar form with cilia. With prolongation of culture time, the changes of tracheal epithelium took the following order, from ciliated columnar to simple columnar and to simple squamous form. These changes were observed in all 4 groups. In radioautography, there are labeling granules in nuclei of tracheal epithelial cells in all 4 groups at different culture time, indicating that the epithelial cells still maintained DNA synthetic activity. TEM observation has showed ultrastructure of tracheal epithelium remained unchanged within 4 weeks. The ciliated cells are well with intact cilia. The intercellular junction is the tight one. Occasionally in accordance with LM observation a few of ciliated cell lacked cilia and its nucleus flattened. In cytoplasm, the dilatation of cisternae of rER and the incresing amount of ribosomes and lysosomes could be seen under TEM. During 7-8 weeks only a part of epithelia of trachea was still kept well, most of them became single layer. The ciliated cells lacked cilia, and their nuclei were long and oval in shape. Some enlarged lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles could be seen in cytoplasm indicating cytoplasmic degeneration. The present study suggested that both Eagle MEM and RPMF 1640 show the same culture effect.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have a remarkable differentiation potential and superiority as a type of seed cells,but their application is limited in the presence of certain diseases,such as aplastic anemia and myelogenous neoplasm.The present studies have found that seed cells called muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have brought more and more attention,because of their capability of stir-renewal and multi-diffcrentiation like B MSCs.OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological characterization of the muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) from rabbits,and analyze the phenotype.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Cell in vitro observation experiment was performed at the Medical Research Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2005 to March 2006.MATERIALS: A New Zealand rabbit (1.5 months old,clean grade) was enrolled for the preparation of Muscle-derived stem cells.Growth medium was DMED-LG added with 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% horse serum and fusion medium was DMEM-LG added with 2% fetal bovine serum.METHODS: The muscle mass was removed from the anesthetized rabbit to isolate MDSCs.These cells were dissociated using three enzymes (collagenase XI,dispase and trypsin) respectively.Sediment was resuspended.Then preplate technique was used.The muscle cell extract was plated on a collagen-coated culture flask with growth medium.The flask was called PP1.PPI was kept overnight in a 37 ℃ incubator containing 5% CO2,After that,the suspension was transferred to another collagen-coated culture flask,which was called PP2.PP3,PP4,PP5 and PP6 were constructed later following the same procedures.The cells adhered in PP6 were collected,plated in 6-well plates,and divided into 2 groups.Growth medium was used in one group,in which the cells were kept growing at a degree of confluence beyond 50%,and fusion medium was used in the other one,in which the cells were passaged with a degree up to 30%.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cells from PP1 to PP6 were collected,and the characterization was identified preliminary by Flow cytomctry,Immunocytochemistry and Western Blotting.The fusion of cells in PP6 was detected at different confluence degrees and concentration of medium.RESULTS: The cells in PP6 showed ＞ 80% desmin+,＞ 70% Bcl-2+,＞ 95% CD45,which indicated that MDSCs were in a high concentration.The expressions of α-SMA in the cells were decreasing with the Preplate technique used and the cells in PP6 almost had no α -SMA expression.When passaged at a high confluence (＞ 50%) or cultured with low concentrations of serum (2% serum),the cells in PP6 had a strong tendency of fusing into myotubes or cell chains and were skeletal myosin+.CONCLUSION: MDSCs,which are capable of multi-differentiation under a high fusion or low serum conditions,express dcsmin and Bcl-2 highly,but extreruelv little CD45 and no α -SMA.