BACKGROUND:Fluoride treatment of osteoporosis has been controversial.Literatures addressing the effect of fluoride on bone bio-mechanical parameters of femur in young rats are few.OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of fluoride on bone biomechanical parameters of femur in young rats.METHODS:Ninety 2-month-old SPF Sprague Dawley rats,half male and female,were randomly divided into 9 groups:control group(young,adult and long-time)and drug-administered group(young high-fluoride,young low-fluoride,adult high-fluoride,adut low-fluoride,long-term high-fluoride and long-term low-fluoride).Rats in the control group were orally administered with physiological saline,while in the drug-administered group were given orally with different dose fluoride at the corresponding times.After experiment,rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia.Three-point bending test was performed at the left femur.The effects of fluoride on maximum load and rigidity of femur were measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with young control group,the maximum load and the rigidity of femur in the young high-fluoride group were decreased by 13.18%and 13.61%,respectively(P＜0.05),which had no dramatically difference in the young low-fluoride group.Compared with long-term high-fluoride group,the maximum load and the rigidity offemur in the young high-fluoride were decreased by 17.22%and 17.17%(P＜0.05),which were obvious increased in the long.term low-fluoride grou by 18.33%and 19.15%,respectively(P＜0.05).The maximum load and the rigidity of femur were strengthened in the adult high-fluoride and adult low-fluoride groups(P＜0.05).The results suggested that young rats are more sensitive to high-dose fluoride,which can reduce bone quality in rats.The negative effects on bone quailty of rats were gradually displayed as the prolongation of the period of fluoride.

Objective To study the effect of adeno associated virus hepatocyte growth factor K1(AAV‐HGFK1)on the prolifer‐ation of 4 different colorectal cell lines with or without KRAS or BRAF mutation .Methods The levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA were determined in SW48 without KRAS or BRAF mutation ,Lovo with KRAS mutation ,SW620 with KRAS mutation ,HT29 with BRAF mutation by quantitative real time PCR ,respectively .After the infection of AAV‐HGFK1 ,the expressions of EGFR ,p‐EGFR and β‐actin were detected by Western blot and the proliferation of the cells were assayed using MTT .Results Lovo ,SW48 and HT29 expressed EGFR protein while SW620 did not .EGF promoted the proliferation of Lovo , SW48 and HT29 cells .AAV‐HGFK1 down‐regulated the phosphorylation of EGFR and significantly inhibited their proliferation . But EGF had no effect on proliferation of SW620 stimulated by EGF .Conclusion AAV‐HGFK1 exhibited its antitumor effects through EGF/EGFR signaling irrespective of the KRAS or BRAF mutation and may also act through other signaling pathways .

Objective To assess the performance of the methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting curve analysis (MS‐HRM analysis) on the detection of the methylation in stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening .Methods Eighty‐two qualified stool samples were collected from 27 patients with colorectal cancer patients (CRC group) ,25 patients with advanced adenomas (AA group) ,and 30 healthy people (control group) .The methylation status of vimentin gene in all of the stool samples was detected by the MS‐HRM analysis on the LightCycler 480 platform .The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) was also used for the same samples . Results The positive rates of the MS‐HRM assay in the CRC group ,AA group ,and control group were 81 .5% (22/27) ,80 .0%(20/25) ,and 6 .7% (2/30) respectively .The positive rates of FOBT in the three groups were 37 .0% (10/27) ,12 .0% (3/25) and 3 .3% (1/30) respectively .The diagnostic sensitivity of the MS‐HRM assay for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas (80 .8% , 42/52) was significantly higher than that of FOBT (25 .0% ,13/52)(P<0 .05) .No significant difference was found in the diagnos‐tic specificity between the MS‐HRM assay (93 .3% ,28/30) and the FOBT (96 .7% ,29/30) (P>0 .05) .Conclusion MS‐HRM performs better than FOBT and has great application potential in the detection of stool DNA methylation for colorectal cancer screening .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of fecal calprotectin(FC) on assessing endoscopic disease activity in colonic or ileo-colonic Crohn disease (CD) and CD-related surgery patients .Methods Totally 56 colonic or ileo-colonic CD pa-tients ,25 CD-related surgery patients and 25 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with previously confirmed diagnosis of CD and IBS were enrolled into this study .Fecal samples were collected from 1 to 3 day before bowel preparation and FC was measured by ELISA .Endoscopic activity was determined for colonic or ileo-colonic CD with Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn′s Disease (SES-CD) and CD-related surgery patients with the Rutgeerts′ score .Results Among colonic or ileo-colonic CD patients ,the levels of FC in endoscopic active patients had significantly higher than that of endoscopic remission patients and IBS patients(P < 0 .01) ,there was significant correlation between levels of FC and the SES-CD (r= 0 .802 ,P< 0 .01) .FC threshold of 250 μg/g was tested to in-dicated active endoscopic disease with 97 .1% sensitivity and 71 .4% specificity .Among CD-related surgery patients ,FC level in IBS patients were significantly lower than that of endoscopic remission patients and endoscopic active patients ,but the FC in endoscopic remission patients and endoscopic active patients had no statistic difference(P> 0 .05) ,FC cutoff level of 250 μg /g gave a sensitivity and specificity of 50 .0% ,66 .7% ,respectively .Conclusion FC is a surrogate marker for the evaluation of colonic or ileo-colonic CD endoscopic disease activity .The FC ,however ,can not distinct remission period and active period after CD surgery .

Objective To explore the abnormally functional brain regions of female patients with depression by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),and analyze the correlation with the severity of depressive symptoms.Methods 32 female patients diagnosed with depressive disorder and 40 matched healthy controls completed resting state fMRI scans.The whole brain's regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF) were calculated,and the correlation analysis be tween ReHo and ALFF of brain regions with significant difference and the severity of depressive symptoms was conducted.Results Compared with control group,the left precuneus/left cuneus (MNI:-18,-81,45),bilateral precentral gyrus (MNI:-58,-5,35 and 57,-6,33),left inferior parietal lobule (MNI:-42,-36,45) and right inferior temporal gyrus(MN1:60,-45,-18) (P＜0.05,corrected by AlphaSim)in the case group showed significantly decreased ReHo,with statistical significance.Compared with control group,the left cuneus(MNI:-3,-87,30),right inferior temporal gyrus(MNI:60,-48,-18) and left precentral gyrus(MNI:-63,-3,26) (P＜0.05,corrected by AlphasSim)in the case group showed significantly decreased ALFF.The ReHo in the right inferior temporal gyrus was negative correlated with the HAMD-17 total score and retarda tion factor(r=-0.484,P=0.017;r=-0.408,P=0.048),the ALFF in the right inferior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with weight factor(r=0.574,P=0.003),and negative correlated with the number of depressive episodes(r=-0.416,P=0.043).Conclusion Female with depression in resting state have several abnormally functional brain regions and the extent of damage is correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms.Combination of the two parameters may yield a more comprehensive pathophy-siological mechanism for depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND:The mechanical properties of monkeys are the closest to the human body.Monkey is the ideal animal model of osteoporosis research.OBJECTIVE:To explore the biomechanical properties of the long bones and vertebrae in rhesus monkeys.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:The mechanics experiment for the study was based on monkeys,which was completed in the South Medical University,Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics in Octobor 2006.MATERIALS:Four male macaca mulattas aged 17.5 years on average and three female crab-eating monkeys aged 9 years on average.METHODS:Long bones(femur,tibia,fibula,humerus,radius and ulna)and the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae of three adult crab-eating monkeys and four old macaca mulattes were teken to do four-point bending test,torsion test,indentation test and compression test respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The results of compression experiments and indentation experiments in monkey vertebrae.②The maximum load and the rigidity factor in left side of long bone of monkeys.③The maximum torque(N·m)in the right side of long bone of monkeys.RESULTS:①In the four-point bending tests,the maximum Ioad of the left ulna,fibula,humerus,femur,tibia and radius in macaca mulattas were(574.16±163.53),(179.98±38.32),(1487.9±965.12),(1928.60±336.23),(1303.23±969.35),(559.92±1.12)N,respectively.While the rigidity factor of the left femur,tibia,fibula,humerus,radius and ulna in macaca mulattas were (53.49±14.22),(28.41±5.86),(114.22±13.24),(142.16±18.56).(101.11±15.46),(69.13±5.54)N/mm,respectively.The maximum load of the left femur,tibia.fibula,humerus,radius and ulna in crab-eating monkeys were(179.93±19.38),(53.82±5.31),(631.61±225.81),(726.07±245.69),(424.52±49.s0),(1 91.97±67.73)N,respectively;however,the rigidity factor of the left femur,tibia,fibula,humerus,radius and ulna in crab-eating monkeys were(21.45±2.63),(16.25±6.66),(68.5±12.22),(76.79±14.01),(41.80±2.79),(64.31±15.89)N/mm,respectively.②In the torsion test,the maximum torque of the right fibula,humerus,femur and tibia in macaca mulattas were(1.55±0.82),(22.26±4.26),(30.93±6.54),(17.49±4.04)N·m,respectively.The maximum torqua of the right fibula,humerus,femur,tibia in crab-eating monkeys were(0.81±0.15),(10.34±2.06),(11.58±0.76),(6.68±1.34)N·m,respectively;③In the compression test,the maximal compression load and the rigidity factor of L4 in macaca mulattas were (2811.21±403.90)N,and(69.47±8.92)N/mm,respectively;the maximal compression load and the rigidity factor of L4 in crab-eating monkeys were(1659.90±339.08)N,and(36.29±6.61)N/mm,respectively.④In the indentation test,the maximal indentation and the maximal anti-pressure of L_3 in macaca mulattas were(521.90±38.94)N,and(699.16±43.46)MPa,respectively;the maximal indentation and the maximal anti-pressure of L_3 in crab-eating monkeys were(614±145.94)N,and (815.92±193.69)MPa,respectively.CONCLUSION:Experimental data derived from the experiments demonstrated that rhesus monkeys as a kind of nonhuman primate animals have an important reference value in the animal studies of osteoporosis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with relapsing-remitting course, therefore the evaluation of inflammatory activity is essential for defining reasonable therapy and predicting prognosis. Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic value of noninvasive biomarkers in assessing endoscopic activity of UC. Methods: A total of 56 patients with UC from August 2016 to March 2018 at Xiangyang Central Hospital were enrolled, and 25 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were served as controls. Fecal calprotectin (FC) level was measured by ELISA. Clinical activity index (CAI) was assessed, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined. Endoscopic activity was determined by Mayo score. Diagnostic value of noninvasive biomarkers in assessing endoscopic activity of UC was analyzed. Results: FC level was significantly higher in UC patients than in IBS patients (P<0.001). FC, CAI, CRP, ESR in active UC patients were significantly higher than those in remissive UC patients (P<0.001). Mayo score was correlated with FC (r=0.814), CAI (r=0.724), CRP (r=0.610), ESR (r=0.657) (P all <0.001). FC with a cutoff value of 200 μg/g had sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 94.1% for detecting endoscopic activity. Conclusions: Compared with CAI, CRP and ESR, FC can more effectively evaluate the endoscopic active inflammation in UC patients.

Objective To detect the change of serum cystatine C ( cys C ) level in Parkinson ’ s disease ( PD ) patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS ) and explore its influencing factors .Methods Fifty-six PD patients with polysomnography examination from July 2011 to December 2013 in the Department of Neurology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were collected.Eighteen healthy controls who took the polysomnography examination during the same period were included.According to the apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI) , PD patients were further divided into two groups:PD with OSAHS group ( n=26 ) , and PD group ( n=30 ).The general conditions , movement function , biochemistry parameters , and sleep parameters were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver 17.0 software.Results The mean serum levels of cys C in PD with OSAHS group , PD group and control group were (1.05 ±0.17) mg/L, (0.96 ±0.12) mg/L and (0.84 ±0.20) mg/L, respectively.Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the three groups (F=9.184,P<0.05), and the mean serum level of cys C in PD with OSAHS group was the highest.In PD with OSAHS group , Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between cys C levels and creatinine levels (r=0.459,P =0.018), urea levels (r =0.405,P =0.040), AHI (r =0.482,P =0.013), the oxygen desaturation index (r=0.408,P=0.038), the arousal index (r=0.392,P=0.047) as well as Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage (r=0.467,P=0.016).Correlation was not observed between cys C levels and other clinical parameters (P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that creatinine levels (B=0.007,P=0.005), AHI (B=0.004,P=0.013) , H-Y stage (B=0.102,P=0.026) may be influencing factors of cys C levels in PD patients (P<0.05).Conclusions Cys C level is elevated in PD patients, especially in PD patients with OSAHS.The degree of hypoxia and severity of PD is related to the level of cys C in PD patients with OSAHS .

Objective To discuss the regulatory effect of 5-aza-2 ,-deoxycytidine on P16 and MGMT in cervical cancer cells. Methods After four kinds of cervical cancer cells (HeLa, SiHa, C33A and CaSki) were treated with 5-Aza-dC , MSP was used to detect the methylation variation of P16 and MGMT , and fluorogenic quantitative PCR and Western blot were employed for determination of P16 and MGMT expression. MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining were adopted for detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results Both P16 and MGMT exhibited methylation in four kinds of cervical cancer cells , and after treatment with 5-Aza-dC ,their methylation levels were reversed. 5-Aza-dC was able to inhibit p16 and MGMT expression in the cervical cancer cells, and can also suppress cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Conclusions Although methylation of P16 and MGMT are present in cervical cancer cells, their expression level was still high. Therefore, regulation of P16 and MGMT expression may be affected by other factors. 5-Aza-dC can suppress the growth of cervical cancer cells. Although 5-Aza-dC reverse the methylation levels of P16 and MGMT, it inhibits their gene expression. More experiments are needed to verify the hidden reasons and mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of CK20 mRNA expression in the blood of gastric cancer patients. Methods Expression of CK20 mRNA was detected by FQ-PCR in preoperative peripheral blood, tumour drainage blood and postoperative peripheral blood in 55 gastric patients and 60 blood donors.Results There was no positive expression of CK20 mRNA of peripheral blood in 60 healthy blood donors.The expression rate of CK20 mRNA was 45.45% in preoperative peripheral blood.The expression rate was higher in stage Ⅲ Ⅳ than stage ⅠⅡ patients ( P