OBJECTIVE:To investigate the affordability of essential medicines in public health and medical institutions of Shanghai Qingpu district after the implementation of the national essential medicines,and provide the basis for subsequent formula-tion and improvement of relevant policies. METHODS:Based on the WHO/HAI standardized approach,a survey on the affordabili-ty of 30 essential medicines was conducted in public health and medical institutions of Shanghai Qingpu district in aspects of equip-ping staffing,drug availability and the relativity in different levels of public health and institutions for investigation and evaluation. RESULTS:The equipping rate of 30 essential medicines in Shanghai Qingpu District varied from 53.33%-86.67%,while the date of original drugs varied from 16.67%-53.33%,the equipping rate in secondary and tertiary hospitals was high. The availability of 30 essential medicines with Approved Drug Names in secondary and tertiary hospitals (77.78%) was generally higher than that in community health service center(63.00%),while the availability of original drugs was relatively low. The essential medicines with more than 50% relativity in community health service center and tertiary hospitals were only 6 kinds of drugs. CONCLUSIONS:The equipping rate and availability of essential medicines in primary health and medical institutions are lower than that of second-ary and tertiary hospitals in Qingpu district,as well as the relativity. It is suggested to further improve equipping policy for essential medicines from the relativity to improve match rate of production place;while further study and improvement for generic drugs from bioequivalence to improve its bioequivalence with original drugs and ensure clinical efficacy.

AIM: To study the effect of NF-?B "decoy" oligodeoxynucleotides on TNF-? and IL-6 expression in LPS-induced mouse macrophages. METHODS: Mouse macrophage cell line J774.1 cells were cultured with LPS and liposome-mediated oligodeoxynucleotides, and the levels of TNF-? and IL-6 measured in the different culture supernatant by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RNA was extracted from macrophages, and the mRNA expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in macrophages was observed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: NF-?B "decoy" oligodeoxynucleotides decreased the expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages and inhibited generation of TNF-? and IL-6. The level of TNF-? and IL-6 did not change in control group. CONCLUSIONS: NF-?B "decoy" oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit the expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages, which is probably due to the specific inhibition of activated NF-?B binding sites .

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.018

lusionsThe CEUS findings are different between benign and malignant gallbladder adenomas. The enhancement pattern and speed are useful for differentiating benign from malignant adenomas.

In order to set up a base for stem cells to be widely used in clinical medicine, we tried to optimize, in this study, the technique that induces human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into neural stem cells by using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the different groups. After the induction, presence of neural stem cells was confirmed with microscope observation, flow cytometry analysis, immunohistochemistry and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. At the same time, we also compared and analysed the data of the number of stem cells when it totally met the requirements for clinical treatment and the days required. At last, we confirmed that hMSCs could be induced to differentiate into neural stem cells, and that the number of cells totally met the requirements for clinical treatment. But there were some differences both in the number of cells and the days required. Among the groups, the group that marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients own induced by CSF from healthy volunteers used the shortest time and the quantity of the cells was significantly higher than those of the others.
Cell Differentiation ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; chemistry ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology

Objective In order to investigate the impact of interactive online teaching in Laboratory Diagnosis, a randomized experimental study was conducted among the medical students in Grade 2009.Methods A total of 65 subjects were randomized into the experimental group (N=31) and the control group (N=34).In addition to the standard in-class presentation/discussion and school-wide refined online courses offered in the control group, interactive online teaching was added to experimental group.After completion of the course, the impact of interactive online teaching in the experimental group was compared to that in the control group through a final exam and a question-naire concentrating on motivation of study, problem solving and team working skills.Statistical signifi-cance of the comparison was evaluated using t-test.Results The results from the final exam showed that the average score in the experimental group was higher than the control group (87.20 ± 5.25 vs.82.69 ± 5.76), It is statistically significant (P=0.002).The average scores of short answer and case study questions in the experimental group was higher than the control group (26.16 ± 1.57 vs.25.31 ± 1.73, 18.94 ± 1.05 vs.15.53 ± 1.15), It is statistically significant (P=0.043,P=0.000).The satisfaction evaluation of interest in learning, timely answers to questions, learning, analytical skills, teamwork culture reflected by the questionnaire indicated statistically higher (P=0.041,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) average scores in the experimental group as compared to its counterparts in the control group (4.30 ± 0.65 vs.3.97 ± 0.62, 4.63 ± 0.49 vs.3.25 ± 0.88, 4.43 ± 0.57 vs.3.49 ± 0.65, 4.46 ± 0.57 vs.3.37 ± 0.73, 4.33 ± 0.66 vs.3.68 ± 0.58).Conclusion Interactive online teaching helps to improve the study performance of medical students in Laboratory Diagnosis.Incorporating interactive online teaching into the current course regarding Laboratory Diagnosis merits recommendation.

BACKGROUND:The role of transforming growth factorβsuperfamily has been reported in bone mineralization of various types of stem cells, but the effects of transforming growth factorβ3 (TGF-β3) combined with heparin on proliferation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of TGF-β3 on the proliferation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth. METHODS:The enzyme digestion method was utilized to separately culture dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth. The cellcolony forming efficiency was determined. Flow cytometry was utilized to identify cellsurface marker CD146. Immunochemistry for Vimentin and STRO1 was performed to measure dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth. The third passage dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth cultured in vitro were intervened with heparin and TGF-β3 of 1, 5, 25μg/L mass concentration. The MTS method was applied to measure cellgrowth curves. Alizarin red staining was carried out. The changes in alkaline phosphatase activity were determined with alkaline phosphatase kit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cellcolony forming efficiency was high. cells were positive for CD146, and strongly positive for Vimentin and STRO1. Dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth were identified. MTS assay indicated that there was no obvious effect on promoting proliferation of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth after stimulation of TGF-β3. Detection results of alkaline phosphatase activity demonstrated that the combination of TGF-β3 and heparin could strengthen the alkaline phosphatase activity of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth with increased concentration. Alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in the TGF-β3+heparin group, TGF-β3 group and heparin group than in the control group (P<0.01). Alizarin red staining was positive in the TGF-β3+heparin group, and the staining was strongest in the 5μg/L TGF-β3+heparin group. Results indicated that TGF-β3 combined with heparin promoted mineralization of dental pulp stem cells from human deciduous teeth.

BACKGROUND:Studies have reported that the superfamily of transforming growth factors exert a role in the mineralization of various stem cells, but the combination effects of transforming growth factorβ3 and heparin on proliferation and mineralization ability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of transforming growth factorβ3 on odontoblast-like differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. METHODS:Human deciduous teeth were col ected using enzyme digestion. The 3rd cells were incubated with 25μg/L recombinant human transforming growth factorβ3, 10 U/mL heparin or their combination. The dentin sialophosphoprotein mRNA and dentinsialoprotein expressions were detected by Q-PCR and western blot assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined using alkaline phosphatase kit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth grew wel after induction. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the transforming growth factorβ3, heparin and control groups (P<0.01). After combination induction, the cells were strongly positive for alizarin red staining. Results fromα-PCR and western blot assay showed that the expressions of dentin sialophosphoprotein were both remarkably increased at mRNA and protein levels. In summary, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells under the induction of transforming growth factorβ3 plus heparin.

Objective To understand the nutrition status of primary school students in Namling County of Shigatseand so as to provide references for nutrition health intervention for students. Methods By random cluster sampling, 5 primary schools were randomly selected, and 1 class was randomly selected from each grade. A total of 1097 subjects, aged from 7 to 12 years were selected and their height and weight were measured. Results The rate of overweight was 0.46%. The rate of malnutrition was 32.27%, and boys (36.61%) were higher than girls (27.75%) ( 2=9.847, P=0.002).The rate of malnutrition was the lowest (25.00%) in the 8 years old group, and the highest (53.38%) in 12 years old group ( 2=37.808, P<0.001). The rate of stunting was 15.86%. There was no significant difference between boys (17.14%) and girls (14.53%) ( 2=1.408, P=0.235), and the highest (31.76%) in 12 years old group and the lowest (9.66%) in 7 years old group ( 2=34.206, P<0.001). The rate of wasting was 20.78%, boys (24.46%) was higher than girls (16.95%) ( 2=9.411, P=0.002). There was significant difference among different age groups ( 2=25.493, P<0.001). Conclusions Malnutrition is still a serious public health problem among students and the main characteristic was high-rate of stunting and wasting. It is necessary to strengthen nutrition education to improve the nutritional status of students.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the vitamin D receptor ApaⅠ and BsmⅠ gene polymorphisms and the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).Methods:The 98 patients with BPPV admitted to the Neurology Clinic of our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected as vertigo group, and 100 healthy individuals were selected as a healthy control group.The gene polymorphism of ApaⅠ(rs7975232)and Bsm Ⅰ(rs1544410)were detected by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.Results:The serum levels of total cholesterol and uric acid were significantly higher in the BPPV group than in a healthy control group( P<0.05). The actual and predicted values of the ApaⅠ and BsmⅠ gene distribution were compared between the BPPV group and a healthy control group, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The ApaⅠ and BsmⅠ genotypes of the BPPV group and the control group were stable and consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law.The ApaⅠ gene rs7975232 and the BsmⅠ gene rs1544410 genotype and allele frequency distribution[n(%)]showed statistically significant difference(all P<0.05)between control vs BPPV groups.The locus genotype and allele frequency distribution[n(%)]showed statistically significant difference between control vs BPPV group( P<0.05). The total cholesterol, blood uric acid, rs7975232CC, rs7975232AA, rs1544410 CC, and rs1544410 CT were risk factors for the occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Conclusions:Gentic polymorphisms at the cleavage sites of restriction endonuclease of vitamin D gene ApaⅠ rs7975232 and BsmⅠ gene rs1544410 have certain correlation with the occurrence of(BPPV)disease.Population with type CC and AA in ApaI rs7975232 and type CC and CT in BsmⅠ rs1544410 are more prone to BPPV.