Objective To investigate the usage of antibacterial drug in the department of operation in our hospital for improving the management and proper clinical utilization.Methods 1366 operational cases from our hospital were randomly collected from June 2004 to June 2005 and a comprehensive analysis of the usage of antibacterial drugs was conducted.Results All of the cases were given antibacterial drugs.The rate of preventive usage was 89.0%,among which those given in the period in 1h before operating was only 30.6%,and the other's was given after operating.The therapy time of antibacterial drugs were ranged from 1 to 63 days in different case and the preventive usage were 1 to 16 days.The therapy time of surpass 3 days was 94.7% and surpass 7 days was 53.5% in preventive usage.Prescriptions of more than one kind drug was widespread very much and 2～3 kinds were 87.5%.The wide-table,new-style and high-efficiency antibacterial drugs were the most frequently used in prescription.Conclusions The use of the antibacterial drugs in operational case in our hospital has some problem,especially in scope,opportunity moment,therapy time and union of usage.The management and education about rational usage of antibacterial drugs must be strengthened in order to improve the level of rationality in the clinical application.

Objective To explore the efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation technology com-bined with respiratory stimulant in the treatment of pulmonary encephalopathy in patients with COPD.Methods For-ty -eight COPD patients with early pulmonary encephalopathy were included.They were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group.The treatment group was treated by not only regular treatment and noninvasive posi-tive pressure ventilation technology,but also respiratory stimulant.The control group was only treated by regular treat-ment and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation technology.The indexes were recorded,including tracheal intubation rate,clinical recovery rate,mortality,Glasgow coma score,arterial blood gas analysis and adverse reactions.Results Compared with the control group,the arterial blood gas analysis of treatment group on the 2h,24h and 72h were statis-tically significant different(P <0.05).The GCS score on the 24h and 72h were also statistically significant different [24h,(13.4 ±1.6)vs.(11.8 ±2.1),P <0.05;72h,(14.6 ±1.5)vs.(12.4 ±2.4),P <0.05].The treatment group had lower tracheal intubation rate(12% vs.56.5%,P =0.001),shorter consciousness recovery time[(3.0 ± 0.5)h vs.(5.6 ±0.7)h,P =0.023],shorter hospitalization time in ICU[(12.6 ±1.5)d vs.(19.2 ±1.8)d,P =0.004]and better clinical recovery(22 /25 vs.10 /23,P =0.001)than the control group.But the mortality rate had no significant difference between the two groups(1 /25 vs.4 /23,P =0.129).Conclusion NIPPV combined with respiratory stimulant is an effective,safe and simple method for treatment of COPD complicated with pulmonary encephalopathy.It can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and the index of arterial blood gas analysis,and it can shorten consciousness recovery time and decrease tracheal intubation rate.But close observation must be carried out,and the invasive mechanical ventilation should be promptly executed in case of emergency or exacerbation.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of body surface electrodes instead of multipair esophageal electrodes for the evaluation of neural respiratory drive in patients with COPD. Methods Diaphragm electromyo-gram(EMG)from body surface electrodes and multipair esophageal electrodes,was recorded in 29 patients with stable COPD recruited from outpatient clinic. Changes of neural respiratory drive of two kinds of electrodes during resting and maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV) were observed before and after inhalation of bronchodilators. Results Ventilation significantly improved ,RMS-sur and RMS-eso significantly decreased after the inhalation of bronchodilators during resting and MIV. RMS-sur and RMS-eso were significantly correlated(r=0.660,P<0.01). Conclusion EMG from the surface electrodes may be a useful and noninvasive technique to evaluate neural respi-ratory drive in patients with COPD.

Objective:To investigate the effects of astragalin on the cell proliferation and cell cycle of prostate cancer cell line C4-2B through up-regulating the expression of miRNA-513 (miR-513).Methods:Prostate cancer cell line C4-2B cells were taken and treated with 125 μg/L of astragalin for 48 h (astragalin group), and untreated C4-2B cells were set as the control group. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect the proliferation ability of C4-2B cells in the two groups, and cell cycle was detected by using flow cytometry. The miRNAMap prediction software was used to predict that the targeted gene of miR-513 was the forkhead box protein R2 (FOXR2), and the dual luciferase gene reporter assay was used to verify it. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of miR-513 and FOXR2 mRNA in the two groups of cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of FOXR2, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), β-actin and cyclin H in the two groups of C4-2B cells.Results:Compared with the control group, the proliferation activity of C4-2B cells in the astragalin group was decreased from day 2 to day 5 (all P < 0.05). The proportions of S-phase cells in the control group and the astragalin group were (48.1±3.2)% and (36.0±2.1)%, respectively. The proportion of S-phase cells in the astragalin group was decreased ( t = 3.12, P = 0.021); the proportions of G 2-phase cells were (24.9±3.3)% and (11.8±2.4)%, respectively. The proportion of G 2-phase cells in the astragalin group was decreased ( t = 3.18, P = 0.019). The relative expression levels of miR-513 in C4-2B cells of the control group and the astragalin group were 1.01±0.22 and 6.55±0.61, respectively. The relative expression levels of miR-513 in C4-2B cells in the astragalin group was increased ( t = 7.70, P < 0.01). The dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that FOXR2 was the targeted gene of miR-513. The relative expression level of FOXR2 mRNA in C4-2B cells of the control group and the astragalin group was 1.04±0.14 and 0.19±0.06, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.53, P = 0.002), suggesting that after astragalin promoted the expression of miR-513, the FOXR2 mRNA expression was decreased. The relative expression levels of FOXR2, CDK7 and cyclin H protein in C4-2B cells in the astragalin group were all decreased compared with those in the control group. Conclusions:Astragalin inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer C4-2B cells and induces cell cycle arrest by up-regulating the expression of miR-513.

Objective:To explore the expression level of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer tissues, and observe the effect of silencing miR-769-3p on the migration ability and cell cycle of J82 cells by down-regulating the expression level of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer J82 cells.Methods:The OncomiR database was used to analyze the expression differences of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. J82 cells were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent and divided into si-miR-769-3p group (transfected with miR-769-3p small molecule interference fragments) and control group (transfected with meaningless sequences). quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of miR-769-3p after transfection. The cell scratch test and flow cytometry were used to compare the migration ability and cell cycle differences between the two groups of J82 cells. The bioinformatics software MicroRNAdb was used to predict the target gene of miR-769-3p. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the complementary binding of miR-769-3p to the target gene. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of miR-769-3p target gene. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results:The expression of miR-769-3p was significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The relative expression of miR-769-3p in the si-miR-769-3p group (1.02 ± 0.16) was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.50 ± 0.60), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The cell migration rate of the si-miR-769-3p group [(26.67±3.98)%] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(61.86±4.70)%], the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The proportion of cells in the G 0-G 1 phase in the si-miR-769-3p group [(57.66±5.74)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(31.26±3.24)%], the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that endothelin 3 ( EDN3) was the target gene of miR-769-3p. The relative expression of EDN3 mRNA in J82 cells in control group and si-miR-769-3p group was 1.99 ± 0.66 and 6.98 ± 0.76, compared with the control group, the EDN3 mRNA relative expression level of the si-miR-769-3p group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Low expression of miR-769-3p can inhibit the migration of bladder cancer J82 cells and block the J82 cell cycle by promoting the expression of EDN3 gene.

BACKGROUND:Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy is an effective procedure for preserving the knee joint in patients with medial compartmental osteoarthritis.Previous studies have demonstrated that the forgotten joint score provides a lower ceiling effect and consistency of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy outcomes compared to traditional assessment tools. OBJECTIVE:To identify predictive factors associated with the occurrence of a forgotten joint after medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy. METHODS:117 patients with medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy who were treated at First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were selected,including 35 males and 82 females,with an average age of 61 years.They were followed up for at least 2 years.Patients were divided into a forgotten joint group(n=28)and a non-forgotten joint group(n=89)by evaluating whether they achieved forgotten joint after surgery.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with preoperative patient characteristics and surgery-related factors as potential predictors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were significant differences in the proximal medial tibial angle between the two groups before surgery(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the forgotten joint score,Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,knee society knee score,function score,and patients joint perception between the two groups after surgery(P<0.05).There was a significant difference between the hip-knee-ankle angle and the medial proximal tibial angle after operation(P<0.05).(2)Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the medial proximal tibial angle had a significant influence on the forgotten joint before operation[OR=0.755,95%CI(0.635-0.897),P<0.001].There were significant effects on the forgotten joint of hip-knee-ankle angle and medial proximal tibial angle[OR=1.546,95%CI(1.242-1.924),P<0.001;OR=0.815,95%CI(0.713-0.931),P=0.003].(3)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative K-L grade 1 was a favorable factor for obtaining forgotten joints.Preoperative medial proximal tibial angle and postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle were independent predictors of forgetting joints,and they had a curvilinear relationship with the probability of achieving forgetting joints.When preoperative medial proximal tibial angle increased by 1°,the probability of achieving a forgotten joint decreased by 27.7%[OR=0.723,95%CI(0.593-0.882),P<0.001].Conversely,when postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle increased by 1°,the probability of achieving a forgotten joint increased by 46.4%[OR=1.464,95%CI(1.153-1.860),P=0.002].(4)The results showed that patients with preoperative knee osteoarthritis K-L grade 1,small medial proximal tibial angle(<85.5°),and large postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle(>176.0°)were predictors of forgotten joint.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-103b on the expression of P21 protein in renal cell carcinoma cell line 769-P and ACHN cells,and its effect on the growth of renal cell carcinoma.Methods Renal cancer cells were divided into two groups according to the transfected RNA,miR-103b (experimental group) and dsControl (control group),respectively.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of P21,cell cycle-dependent kinase 6,Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution.MTT assay was used to detect cell viability and colony formation assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Measurement data were represented as x ± s.Comparison between groups was analyed using t test.Results Real-time PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of P21,cell cycle-dependent kinase 6 and Cyclin D1 mRNA in 769-P and ACHN which belong to control group cells were 1.00 ±0.10 and 1.02 ±0.27,1.00 ±0.08 and 1.01 ±0.17,1.01 ±0.19 and 1.00 ±0.02.The experimental group was 2.36 ±0.51 and 2.03 ± 0.49,0.33 ± 0.20 and 0.58 ± 0.22,0.48 ± 0.11 and 0.60 ± 0.23,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Western blotting results were consistent with Real-time PCR results.Flow cytometry results showed that compared with the control group,the proportion of cells located in G0/G1 phase in the experimental group increased (P ＜ 0.05),suggesting that the cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase.MTT assay showed that the viability of 769-P and ACHN cells in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Colony formation experiments showed that the number of colony formation in the experimental group was significantly less,suggesting that the cell proliferation capacity decreased.Conclusion miR-103b can inhibit the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells by activating the expression of P21 protein and blocking the progression of the renal cell cycle,which provides a theoretical basis for the molecular targeted therapy of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-1291 (miR-1291) on the expression of Zinc finger protein 8 (PHF8) gene in renal cell carcinoma and its effect on cell cycle and proliferation of renal cell carcinoma.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-1291 in renal cell carcinoma cell lines OS-RC-2,ACHN,A498,786-O and human proximal tubular epithelial cells HK-2.miR-1291 (miR-1291 group) and miR-NC (miR-NC group) were transfected into the renal cell lines with the lowest expression of miR-1291.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-1291 and PHF8 mRNA in the transfected cells.The expression levels of PHF8,Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and Cyclin D1 were detected by Western blotting.The effect of miR-1291 on the transcriptional activity of PHF8 was detected by double luciferase reporter gene system.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and colony formation assay were used to detect cell viability and proliferation.Results The expressions of miR-1291 in renal carcinoma cell lines OS-RC-2,ACHN,A498,786-O and human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell HK-2 were 0.64 ± 0.17,0.60 ±0.15,0.29 ±0.08,0.63 ±0.08 and 1.01 ±0.17 respectively,with a significant difference (F=13.790,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with renal carcinoma cell lines OS-RC-2,ACHN and 786-O,the expression level of miR-1291 in A498 cell line was the lowest (P =0.002,P =0.006,P =0.003).The expression levels of miR-1291 in A498 cell lines of miR-NC group and miR-1291 group were 1.00 ± 0.03 and 775.25 ± 329.91 respectively,with a significant difference (t =4.694,P =0.003);and the expression levels of PHF8 mRNA were 1.00 ±0.11 and 0.57 ±0.18 respectively,with a significant difference (t =4.122,P =0.006).The results of Western blotting were consistent with the results of qRT-PCR,and the expressions of CDK6 and Cyclin D1 were significantly decreased.The double luciferase reporter gene showed that miR-1291could directly inhibit the activity of luciferase in the 3'un-translated region of target gene PHF8.Compared with miR-NC group,the proportion of renal carcinoma cells in S phase (23.40 ± 4.29 vs.32.19 ± 2.64;t =3.491,P =0.013) and G2-M phase (14.38 ± 4.05 vs.25.59 ± 6.01;t =3.095,P =0.021) decreased;and the proportion of cells in G0-G1 phase increased (62.22 ± 7.56 vs.42.22 ± 5.23,t =4.351,P =0.005).MTT assay showed that the cell viability of miR-1291 was significantly decreased.Colony formation experiments showed that the numbers of colonies formed by A498 cells in miR-NC group and miR-1291 group were 246.64 ± 39.94 and 87.34 ± 21.93 respectively,with a significant difference (t =6.993,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The expression of miR-1291 is significantly decreased in renal cancer cell lines.miR-1291 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells by targeting interfering PHF8 gene expression,which may contribute to the development of new renal cancer target.

Objective To investigate the activation effect of microRNA-1280 (miR-1280) on the expression of p21 gene in bladder cancer cell line BIU-87 and its effect on cell cycle and proliferation of bladder cancer cell line.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of miR-1280 in bladder cancer cell lines T24,5637,J82,BIU-87 and normal bladder epithelial cells SV-HUC-1.miR-1280 mimics (experimental group) and miR-NC (control group) were transfected into the bladder cancer cells with the lowest expression of miR-1280.The expressions of miR-1280 and p21 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR.Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to verify the targeting effect of miR-1280 and p21 gene promoter.Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of p21,cell cycle-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1),Cyclin A2 mRNA and protein in the two groups.Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry,and cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazclium (MTT) assay.Results The results of qRT-PCR indicated that the expression levels of miR-1280 in bladder cancer cell lines T24,5637,J82 and BIU-87 and normal urothelium cell line SV-HUC-1 were 0.503 ±0.094,0.611 ±0.054,0.567 ± 0.077,0.257 ± 0.032 and 1.014 ± 0.090 respectively,with a significant difference (F =1.880,P ＜0.001).Compared with bladder cancer cell lines T24,5637 and J82 cells,the expression of miR-1280 in BIU-87 cell was the lowest (P =0.026,P =0.003,P =0.008).Compared with the control group,the expression of miR-1280 in BIU-87 cell was significantly increased (1 041.000 ± 157.500 vs.1.023 ± 0.118,t =6.606,P ＜0.001),and the expression of p21 mRNA was also significantly increased (5.280 ± 0.660 vs.1.007 ± 0.070,t =6.440,P ＜ 0.001).Western blotting showed that p21 protein expression was up-regulated,CDK1 and Cyclin A2 protein expressions were down-regulated.ChIP experiments showed that compared with the miR-NC transfection group,the concentration of biotin modified miR-1280 in the p21 gene promoter region was significantly increased (1.246 ±0.171 vs.0.519 ± 0.087,t =3.787,P =0.009).The proportion of G0-G1 cells in the experimental group BIU-87 cells was significantly higher than that in the control group (68.360％ ±3.064％ vs.46.970％ ±3.971％,t =4.263,P =0.005).The results of MTT showed that compared with the control group,the cell proliferation ability of BIU-87 cells after being transfected miR-1280 was significantly decreased starting from day 3 (0.826 ± 0.099 vs.1.224 ± 0.057,t =3.505,P =0.013).Conclusion miR-1280 can activate the expression of p21 gene in bladder cancer cell line BIU-87 by binding the promoter region of p21 gene,blocking the progression of cell cycle and inhibiting cell proliferation,which provides a new direction for bladder cancer targeted therapy theory.

Objective:To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) COX10-AS1 in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines and its effect on proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells.Methods:Fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of COX10-AS1 in surgical specimens that have been diagnosed as renal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues by pathology, renal cancer cell lines (786-O, CaKi-1, A498, ACHN) and normal renal tubular epithelium cell line (HK-2). The ACHN cells with the lowest expression were divided into a control group (transfected with a negative control plasmid carrying nonsense sequences) and an experimental group (transfected with a plasmid carrying COX10-AS1 sequences). The expression level of COX10-AS1 was detected by qRT-PCR in two groups of cells. The proliferation and migration ability of ACHN cells were detected by MTS assay and cell scratch assay. The expression of MFN2 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. The expressions of MFN2 and Ras-NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were detected by Western blotting. The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), the comparison between the two groups used the t-test, and the comparison among multiple groups adopts the one-way analysis of variance. Results:The expression of COX10-AS1 in renal cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P<0.01), The expression of COX10-AS1 in renal cell carcinoma cells was significantly lower than that in renal tubular epithelial cells ( P<0.05), the expression of COX10-AS1 was the lowest in ACHN cells( P<0.01), the above differences were statistically significant compared with the control group, the expression of COX10-AS1 in ACHN cells of experimental group was significantly increased ( P<0.01), the above differences were statistically significant compared with the control cells, the proliferation of ACHN cells in the experimental group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the cell migration ability was significantly decreased ( P<0.01). Compared with the control cells, the expression of MFN2 mRNA in ACHN cells of experimental group was significantly increased ( P<0.01). The expression levels of MFN2 were significantly up-regulated ( P<0.01), and Ras-NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were significantly down-regulated ( P<0.05), the above differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:The expression of COX10-AS1 is decreased in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines. COX10-AS1 may inhibit the proliferation and migration of ACHN cells by promoting the expression of MFN2 gene.