Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of positron emission tomography/ computed tomography(PET/CT) with fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) in dectecting and diagnosing the recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer.Methods: The results of whole-body PET/CT of 68 patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively.The average follow-up time was 15.8 months.The diagnosis of recurrence tumor and/or metastasis was based on pathologic examination,colonoscopy,multi-modality imaging and clinical follow-up.Results: Fifty-five of the 68 patients had recurrence and /or metastasis but no recurrence was found in the other 13 cases.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in detecting recurrent and metastatic tumor were 96.4%,76.9% and 92.6% respectively.PET/CT successfully detected one or several malignant insidious lesions in 8 cases with negative findings by CT and /or ultrasonography,and it revaeled more malignant lesions than CT and ultrasonography in 30.9%(17/55)of the patients.The clinical therapeutic strategies were changed in 11 case duo to the results of PET/CT,and the influence rate of PET/CT was 16.2%.The metastasis was mainly confined in the liver,lung,peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneal region.In the examination of the 24 patients with increased serum CEA,the positive rate of PET/CT was 91.7%.Conlusion: PET/CT can detect the recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer with high sensitivity and accuracy.

Objective To investigate the modified methods and effects of the flaps with nutrient vessels of superficial vein-cutaneous nerve of lower limb which used for repair of the lower extremity soft-tissues defects.Methods Between December 2003 and September 2009, 18 patients were treated with this modified skin flap, in which 11 cases male; 7 cases were female, age from 5 to 73 years.Average age was 45.9 years.Repair parts: 4 cases of dorsal foot, 3 cases of foot, heel in 2 cases, the ankle weeks in 2 cases, calves under 1 / 3 of 7 cases, of which 8 cases of bone exposure wounds, tendons exposed in 3 cases.Surgical repair of soft tissue defect size of about 6 cm×4 cm-22 cm × 10 cm, which retained the donor sural nerve function retrograde sural nerve flap in 4 cases, with a thin layer of muscle retrograde sural nerve flap in 4 cases.Results All the flaps were survived completely without any complications.The appearance and functional results were satisfactory with following up for 3 to 36 months.18 cases of flap were survived completely, primary healing, without any complications such as vein congestion or engorgement.The 4 cases which remains the cutaneous nerve in site had an average recovery time about 13 days of the donor site.The innervated region of the cutaneous nerve had no acroesthesia or dysesthesia.Conclusion This modified operation methods of flap, enhanced the blood support of the flap, impmved the survive rates and also preserved the sensory function of the patients' donor site.This modified flap with nutrient vessels of superficial vein-cutaneous nerve is a convenient and safe method in repairing lower extremity soft-tissues defects.

Objective To explore the preoperative assessment of airway morphology affecting the early-phase prognosis by observing congenital tracheal stenosis survival after surgical treatment.Methods Totally 52 cases of CTS surgically treated in the Shanghai children's Medical Center,from April 2007 to June 2013,were retrospectively analyzed to study their clinical characteristics,survival condition and related factors influencing the early-phase prognosis.Using log-rank test and Cox multiple factors analysis for statistical analysis.Results Overall postoperative survival rate of 3 months was 73.1％.There were 14 deaths among 48 patients.Single factor and multiple factors analysis showed that the cross-sectional area(CSA) of stenosis and Anton-Pacheco classification were both associated with early-phase prognosis as independent factors(P ＜0.05).Long CPB duration was a prognostic factor for the outcome of surgical treatment for CTS(P ＜ 0.05).CPB time was significantly longer in death cases than in surviving cases.Conclusion CSA and Anton-Pacheco classification were significant prognostic factors for CTS.The proper utilization of radiologic imaging allow for improved patient care.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong on mammary estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions in rats with dimethylbenzanthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty female SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into a model group of 60 rats and a blank group of 30 rats. The model group received an oral gavage of DMBA for model making. The blank group received an oral gavage of equal volume of sesame oil. At 15 weeks after model making, the model group of rats was randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group received acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong, and the control and blank groups, only the same grasp and release. After the completion of acupuncture treatment (twenty-seventh week), abdominal venous blood was taken and serum tumor markers were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Tumor masses were counted and their shapes were recorded. The mass was taken and its height, maximum diameter and vertical diameter were measured using a 1 mm precision vernier caliper. Pathological changes in tumor tissues, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities were observed under an Olympus optical microscope.Results There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the average number and volume of mammary tumors between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the concentrations of various tumor markers (CA724, CA125, CA199, AEP, CA15-3, CEA and CA50) between the treatment or control group and the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in CA15-3 concentration between the treatment and control groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01).Conclusions Acupuncture can reduce the occurrence of rat DMBA-induced mammary tumor (including the number and volumes of the tumors). The mechanism of its action may be related to decreasing the concentrations of tumor markers CA724, CA125, CA199, CA15-3, AEP, CEA and CA50 and especially to decreasing CA15-3 concentration, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities.

In order to investigate the impact of fulvic acid (FA) on the hydroxylysyl glycosylation in collagen bio-synthesis, 40 NMRI mice were divided into two groups (n = 20 in each group, consisting 10 females and 10 males). The animal was maintained for two generations by different diets: control group with normal water and food and study group with water containing 30 mg/L FA and normal food. The second generation of the animal was slaughtered, and the biochemical parameters of collagen content and the degree of collagen hydroxylysyl glycosylation in skin, rib and tibia were detected by biochemical methods. The mean value of collagen in the study group was increased slightly, and no significant difference between study group and control group was found (P > 0.05), but the content of glucose-glactose-hydroxylysine (GGH) was significantly decreased in the study group in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). It was suggested that through the decrease of GGH 30 mg/L FA could inhibit the activity of galactosyl-hydroxylysylglucosyl-transferase and further disturb the post-translational modification of collagen intracellularly.
Benzopyrans/*pharmacology ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Collagen/*biosynthesis ; Glycosylation ; Hydroxylysine/*metabolism ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Osteoarthritis/etiology ; Selenium/deficiency

Lignin degradation products are toxic to microorganisms, which is one of the bottlenecks for fuel ethanol production. We studied the effects of phenolic ketones (4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-acetophenone) derived from lignin degradation on ethanol fermentation of xylose and cellular lipid composition of Pichia stipitis NLP31. Ethanol and the cellular fatty acid of yeast were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results indicate that phenolic ketones negatively affected ethanol fermentation of yeast and the lower molecular weight phenolic ketone compound was more toxic. When the concentration of 4-hydroxyacetophenone was 1.5 g/L, at fermentation of 24 h, the xylose utilization ratio, ethanol yield and ethanol concentration decreased by 42.47%, 5.30% and 9.76 g/L, respectively, compared to the control. When phenolic ketones were in the medium, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) of yeast cells was improved. When 1.5 g/L of three aforementioned phenolic ketones was added to the fermentation medium, the UFA/SFA ratio of yeast cells increased to 3.03, 3.06 and 3.61, respectively, compared to 2.58 of the control, which increased cell membrane fluidity and instability. Therefore, phenolic ketones can reduce the yeast growth, increase the UFA/SFA ratio of yeast and lower ethanol productivity. Effectively reduce or remove the content of lignin degradation products is the key to improve lignocellulose biorefinery.
Acetophenones ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Ketones ; chemistry ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Pichia ; chemistry ; Xylose ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of ambient temperature on body mass, thermogenic activity and un-coupling protein-1 ( UCP1) content of brown adipose tissue ( BAT) in tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri) , and to provide the-oretical basis for establishing tree shrews model of obesity.Methods Forty healthy adult tree shrews with similar body mass were uesd in our experiment.The tree shrews were divided into five groups (n=8):control group (0 d), the ani-mals were maintained under 25 ±1℃ and 12L:12D ( light : dark, lights on 08:00) photoperiod; and the animals were maintained under 5 ±1℃and 12L:12D photoperiod for 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d groups, respectively.At the end of ex-periment, the changes of body mass, nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), BAT mass and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) con-tent were determined.Results Compared with the control group (0 d), the body mass, NST, BAT mass and UCP1 con-tent of the cold acclimation groups were improved significantly, the BAT color also obviously deepened, and after cold accli-mation for 28 d, the body mass, NST, BAT mass and UCP1 content were increased by 26.32%, 20.65, 53.85%and 43%, respectively.Apparently, the UCP1 content was significantly positively correlated with BAT mass and NST.Conclusions BAT proliferation may be induced and UCP1 expression upregulated by cold acclimation in Tupaia belangeri, therefore, en-hancing the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue to increase energy expenditure.We would speculate that BAT might be used as a target organ for treatment of obesity by energetic approach in the future.

Objective To study the radiosensitizing effect of nano-gold nano-silver particles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro and the possible mechanisms.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to determine the killing effect of nano-gold and nano-silver particles in HepG2 cells.Flow-cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.ELIASA was used to determine the content of catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and total glutathione (GSH).Results Nano-gold and nano-silver particles inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 6.51 μg/ml and 2.47 μg/ml,respectively.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells.Obtained by Dq,the SER of 1/5 IC50 nano-gold and nano-silver particles were 1.37 and 1.48,and 1/10IC50 with 1.11 and 1.09.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax and reduced the exprcssion of Bcl-2.CAT,SOD and total GSH were significantly reduced.Conclusions Nano-gold and nano-silver particles can enhance the radiation sensitivity of HepG2 cells.Specific sensitizing mechanism may be the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the induction of reactive oxygen species in apoptotic pathways,which ultimately induces apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the value of positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT) with fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose(18FDG) for gastric carcinoma.Methods: Thirty-two patients(25 males,7 females,aged 31-82 years) suspected of gastric carcinoma underwent whole-body PET/CT after taking in 600 ml of water to distend the gastral cavity.The maximal standard uptake value(SUVmax) of the region of interest(ROI) in PET and the maximum width of the gastric wall in CT were analyzed.Pathological specimens were obtained from all the patients during surgery or gastroscopy.Results: 18FDG PET/CT found gastric carcinoma in 24 of the patients.The rates of positive and negative prediction and the accuracy of PET/CT in the diagnosis of the disease were 92.3%,100% and 93.8%.SUVmax was positively correlated with the maximum width of the gastric wall,but they exhibited no statistically significant differences between the patients with involved lymph nodes and those without.Based on the PET/CT findings,the 24 gastric carcinoma patients were clinically classified as follows: 9 in stage Ⅰ,1 in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,3 in stage Ⅱ,1 in stage Ⅲ and 10 in stage Ⅳ.Conclusion: 18FDG PET/CT is highly valuable for gastric carcinoma in its diagnosis,the evaluation of its biological behavior and determination of its treatment strategies.

Objective:To clone swine leukocyte antigen,class II,DO alpha (SLA-DOA) gene from Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI) and detect its mRNA expression level in 19 important tissues.Methods:The complete eDNA sequence of SLA-DOA gene was cloned by RT-PCR method from BMI and the mRNA expression pattern in BMI important tissues was examined by semi-quantative RT-PCR method.Nucleotide and protein sequences of SIA-DOA were used to carry out bioinformatics analysis and construct the phylogenetic tree.Results:The eDNA length of BMI SLA-DOA was 1 079 bp,which encoded a protein of 250 amino acids with molecular weight (Mw) 27.81 kD,and isoelectric point (pI) 6.48.Genome structure analysis showed it localized to Sus scrofa chromosomes 7 and consisted of four exons and three introns.Semi-quantitative expression analysis showed that SLA-DOA gene expressed highly in the lymph nodes and stomach;weakly in the heart,skin and duodenum and none in other 14 tissues.Functional bioinformatics analysis indicated that SLA-DOA protein contained one signal poptide,one transmembrane region,three conserved domains,four O-GlcNAc glycosylation sites,18 potential phosphorylation sites and to be located in the cytoplasm with 94.1％ certainty.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that BMI (pig) had the closest relationship with cattle.Conclusion:This study have successfully cloned the SLA-DOA gene of Banna mini-pig inbred line,performed bioinformatics analysis and tissue expression profile analysis.It will provide a basis for the studies of BMI xenotransplantation.