Humans ; Phosphorus Compounds ; toxicity ; Poisoning ; therapy

Objective To understand the indoor air quality in some residential houses decorated for different times in Shijiazhuang, China. Methods To monitor formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene levels in indoor air of 220 rooms decorated within 2 years. Results The exceed standard rates of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene in indoor air were 51.63%, 42.13%, 5.39%, 7.46% and 7.69% respectively. The exceed standard rate of indoor air was the highest, 66.13%, in rooms decorated for 3 months. Conclusion Indoor air pollution caused by decoration is serious in Shijiazhuang. A correct choice of decoration materials and ventilation is essential to avoid the human heath damage caused by indoor air pollution.

Lignin degradation products are toxic to microorganisms, which is one of the bottlenecks for fuel ethanol production. We studied the effects of phenolic ketones (4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-acetophenone) derived from lignin degradation on ethanol fermentation of xylose and cellular lipid composition of Pichia stipitis NLP31. Ethanol and the cellular fatty acid of yeast were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results indicate that phenolic ketones negatively affected ethanol fermentation of yeast and the lower molecular weight phenolic ketone compound was more toxic. When the concentration of 4-hydroxyacetophenone was 1.5 g/L, at fermentation of 24 h, the xylose utilization ratio, ethanol yield and ethanol concentration decreased by 42.47%, 5.30% and 9.76 g/L, respectively, compared to the control. When phenolic ketones were in the medium, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) of yeast cells was improved. When 1.5 g/L of three aforementioned phenolic ketones was added to the fermentation medium, the UFA/SFA ratio of yeast cells increased to 3.03, 3.06 and 3.61, respectively, compared to 2.58 of the control, which increased cell membrane fluidity and instability. Therefore, phenolic ketones can reduce the yeast growth, increase the UFA/SFA ratio of yeast and lower ethanol productivity. Effectively reduce or remove the content of lignin degradation products is the key to improve lignocellulose biorefinery.
Acetophenones ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Ketones ; chemistry ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Pichia ; chemistry ; Xylose ; chemistry

Objectives To study the performance of different microbial automated inoculation systems and to evaluate the performance of the Probact microbial automated inoculation and incubation system ( Probact system) and its applications in clinical microbiology laboratory.Methods A total of 160 clinical specimens, including respiratory secretions ( n=61 ) , urine ( n=49 ) , and feces ( n=50 ) , that were submitted to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2015 to April 2015 were evaluated.These specimens were processed with conventional manual method, the Probact automated inoculation system, and PREVI Isola Inoculator.The quantity of bacterial species recovery, number of effectively isolated colonies, total number of colonies recovery per plate, and time of processing the 160 specimens by the three methods were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used for statistical analysis.Results The Probact system had significantly higher quantity of bacterial species recovery (respiratory specimens 3.41 ±1.40, urine 1.92 ±0.86, and feces 1.16 ±0.79) than those by the Isola Inoculator (respiratory specimens 3.75 ±1.29, urine 2.24 ±0.97, and feces 1.92 ±0.72), (P=0.006, 0.011, <0.001).Compared to the manual method, Probact performed less quantity of bacterial species recovery for respiratory specimens(3.85 ±1.38), but higher in feces(0.80 ±0.81)( P<0.001).There is no significant differences for urine ( 1.84 ±1.23 ) ( P=0.266 ) .As for number of isolated colony, the Probact system ( respiratory specimens 12.16 ±7.72, urine 2.71 ±4.24, and feces 5.40 ±5.04 ) had significant smaller numbers than that of Isola Inoculator (respiratory specimens 16.56 ±5.76, urine 4.35 ± 4.89, and feces 8.40 ±3.70) (P<0.001,0.007,0.003).However, both system had larger numbers of isolated colonies than those by the manual method (respiratory specimens 11.30 ±8.42, urine 2.67 ±4.34, and feces 1.90 ±3.90) and the difference was significant for fecal specimens(P<0.001).Regarding the total number of colonies recovery, larger number was found by Isola Inoculator than that by the Probact system for fecal specimens, however, there were no significant differences for respiratory or urine specimens (P=0.524,0.738).Compared with manual method, the Probact system had significantly more numbers of colonies recovery for respiratory and fecal specimens ( P<0.001 ) . The total time for processing 160 specimens was shortest for manual method (281 min), followed by Probact system (419 min) and Isola Inoculator (495 min) .Conclusions The performance of the Probact system is better than the manual method but no superior to the Isola Inoculator.The Probact system can meet the clinical need in terms of full automation and standardization of specimen inoculation and prevention of bias of processing by laboratory staffs using manual method.

Objective To evaluate the technique and clinical results of the modular fluted tapered stems for treating periprosthetic femoral fractures in revision hip arthroplasty.Methods From August 2007 to February 2014,fourteen patients (14hips) with periprosthetic femoral fractures underwent revision hip arthroplasty with modular fluted tapered stem.A retrospective analysis was performed involving all patients who were followed-up more than 2 years.The subjects consisted of 4 males and 10 females with mean age of 73.4±6.6 years (range,62-82 years) at the time of revision.All patients were unilateral with 8 left hips and 6 right hips.The status of primary arthroplasty was bipolar hemiarthroplasty in 3 patients and total hip arthroplasty in 11 patients.Nine cases were with cemented stems,5 cases with uncemented stems.The interval from primary hip arthroplasty to revision surgery ranged from 40 to 163 months,with an average of 120.9±31.9 months.Eight cases with Vancouver type B3 periprosthetic femoral fracture were found preoperatively,6 cases with aseptic loosening and bone deficiency occurred periprosthetic femoral fracture during the operation.Based on the Paprosky classification system for femoral bone deficiency:type ⅢA in 8 hips,type ⅢB in 5 hips,type Ⅳ in 1 hip.Both the femoral and the acetabular components were revised in 9 patients.All femoral fractures were treated with cable fixation,and the cortical allograft struts were used to augment femoral bone stock in 7 patients.The patients were followed up at 6 weeks,3 months,6 months,9 months,12 months and annually thereafter.Harris Hip Score System and radiographic examination was used to evaluate the clinical results,including fracture union,implant stability,bone stock,hip joint function and postoperative complications.Results The mean duration of follow-up was 62.1 ±22.2 months (range,30-96 months).The mean times of fracture union were 6.2±2.5 months (range,3-12 months).The Harris Hip Score improved from 29.6± 10.3 preoperatively to 86.3±4.2 postoperatively (t=-21.6,P=0.00).Thirteen cases (93％,13/14) had the stem subsidence of 4.9±2.5 mm (range,0-9 mm).Thirteen cases (93％,13/14) were presented with femoral bony restoration.Two cases showed incorporation of the allograft in 7 patients.One patient developed deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs,and one suffered from subcutaneous hematomas after surgery.There was no infection,aseptic loosening,dislocation or periprosthetic fracture complications at the followup.Conclusion The short-medium term results of the modular fluted tapered prosthesis applied in periprosthetic femoral fractures are encouraging in revision hip arthroplasty.The present technology can provide reliable primary stability and can tolerate minimal subsidence postoperatively.

Objective To analyze the distribution, survival conditions, and medical support of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as pneumoconiosis) patients in Zhangdian District, Zibo City. Methods A total of 1 189 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients in Zhangdian District from 1956 to 2019 were selected as the study subjects using retrospective method. Data of their age of onset, years of occupational exposure, category of working industry, type of pneumoconiosis, and status of medical support was collected and analyzed. Results The median and the 25th-75th percentiles ［M (P₂₅, P₇₅)］ of the age of onset were 51.8 (45.5, 56.1) years, and the mortality was 37.0%. The majority of pneumoconiosis cases were silicosis (45.2%) and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (39.8%). The highest prevalence of pneumoconiosis was in the coal mining and washing industry (42.4%), followed by manufacturing (33.4%). Pneumoconiosis patients in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ accounted for 89.1%, 8.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of the length of work exposed to dust were 24.1 (16.5, 29.9) years.The higher stage of pneumoconiosis the shorter of the length of work exposed to dust among these pneumoconiosis patients(all P<0.05). The overall survival rate, the 5-year survival rate and the 10-year survival rate of these pneumoconiosis patients were 63.0%, 92.3% and 85.9%, respectively. Among the 749 surviving cases, 60.8% were aged 60.0 to <80.0 years. In terms of social security, 100.0% surviving cases enjoyed basic medical insurance, meanwhile, 96.1% and 81.8% patients were covered by major medical insurances and occupational injury insurances, respectively. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of age at death were 73.1 (64.0, 77.1) years. The main causes of death were respiratory diseases (59.3%) and malignant tumors (20.4%). Conclusion The prevalent types of pneumoconiosis in Zhangdian District, Zibo City, are coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis. Medical support and assistance are relatively limited. The pneumoconiosis prevention and control focus should be on silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis, particularly in the manufacturing industry.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of thrombocytopenia in children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after transcatheter closure, and to establish a prediction model of thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure of PDA.Methods:A total of 39 PDA children with thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure treated in Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2016 to January 2020 were selected.During the same period, 138 PDA children without thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure were included in the control group. Logistic regression model was used to explore the possible risk factors of thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure in PDA children, and a random forest model was established to predict the occurrence of thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure of PDA. Results:After transcatheter closure of PDA, children developed thrombocytopenia within 1 to 7 days, and the platelet count recovered within 2 to 22 days. Logistic regression model suggested that the diameter of pulmonary artery end of arterial catheter ( OR=9.54, 95% CI: 2.08-48.84, P=0.004)and preoperative platelet count( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, P=0.001)were correlated with the occurrence of thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure of PDA.The random forest model indicated that PDA inner diameter was the most important factor for predicting the occurrence of thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure of PDA. Conclusions:A large diameter of arterial duct is an important risk factor and increased preoperative platelet count is a protective factor for thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure of PDA.Diameter is of the greatest significance in predicting the occurrence of thrombocytopenia after transcatheter closure of PDA.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of periprosthetic acetabular fracture in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to discuss the prevention and management.Methods A total of 1 023 patients (1 168 hips) undergoing THA were retrospectively analyzed between January 2012 and June 2015.There were 421 males (507 hips) and 602 females (661 hips),aged from 23 to 96 years with mean age of 64.2± 15.0 years.Primary total hip arthroplasty was conducted in 1 053 hips,while revision surgery was conducted in 115 hips.The reasons of periprosthetic acetabular fracture were summarized.Age,gender,BMI,primary disease,left or right sides,surgical approach,osteoporosis,prosthetic type,the coverage rate of acetabulum-bone,and the amount of surgical operation annually were compared between non-fracture and fracture.Risk factors associated with the fracture were analyzed using chi square test followed by a multivariate logistic regression.Furthermore,revision surgery was compared with primary THA using chi square test.Results The incidence of intraoperative periprosthetic acetabular fractures was 2.8％ (33/1 168).The incidence of fracture was higher in revision surgery than that in primary THA (6.1％ vs.2.5％).Multivariate logistic regression showed that primary disease (developmental dysplasia of the hip and rheumatoid arthritis),osteoporosis,uncemented acetabular cup,the high-er coverage rate of acetabulum-bone,and the less amount of surgical operation annually were prone to appear periprosthetic acetabular fracture in primary THA.Among the 33 patients with acetabular fractures,13 cases (39.4％,13/33) were found intraoperatively and 20 cases (60.6％,20/33) postoperatively.Acetabular wall fractures were in 26 (78.8％,26/33),column fractures in 2 (6.1％,2/33),transverse fractures in 2 (6.1％,2/33) and quadrilateral surface fractures with prosthetic central dislocation in 3 (9.1％,3/33).Seven cases of 26 stable fractures and 6 cases of 7 unstable fractures were found intraoperatively.Acetabular wall fractures were fixed by additional augmentation screws or accepted no special treatment,and column fractures were fixed with plate.One quadrilateral surface fracture was accepted revision surgery using Jumbo cup,2 quadrilateral surface fractures and 2 transverse fractures with reconstruction cage.The patients were followed up for 42.3±13.7 months (range 29-60 months).The Harris hip score was 83.3±6.6 (range 72-94) at last follow-up.No complication,such as hip dislocation,osteolysis,and prosthetic loosening was reported.Conclusion Most of periprosthetic acetabular fiactures are wall fractures which could not endanger the periprosthetic stability.The detection rate of acetabular stable fracture is lower than that of unstable fracture in operation.Primary disease (developmental dysplasia of the hip and rheumatoid arthritis),osteoporosis,uncemented acetabular cup,the higher coverage rate of aeetabulum-bone,the less amount of surgical operation annually are the intraoperative risk factors which closely related to acetabular fractures of primary THA.The risk of intraoperative periprosthetic acetabular fractures in revision THA is higher than that in primary THA.

Clinical data and follow-up of a case of congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) combined with dilated cardiomyopathy admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.The 5-year-old female patient was admitted in December 2016 due to recu-rrent shortness of breath for 2 months.Clinical symptoms and signs included repeated attacks of shortness of breath, physical retardation, malnutrition, binocular esotropia, multiple episodes of hypoglycemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypotonia and other multi-system damages.Cardiac echocardiography suggested the feature of dilated cardiomyopathy, including the significant enlargement of the left ventricle, and decreased systolic function.Genetic testing revealed a compound heterozygous mutation in the PMM2 gene, and as a result, the patient was diagnosed as CDG-Ia.The patient′s condition improved after symptomatic treatments such as Cedilanid, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Furosemide, as well as support treatments like myocardium nutrition, blood sugar maintenance, liver protection, etc.After discharge, the patient was given oral Digoxin, Betaloc, Captopril and diuretics, and hypoglycemia-controlling agents.The patient was followed up every 3-6 months.After more than 2 years of follow-up, the heart function and heart enlargement gradually returned to normal.During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 outbreak, self-withdrawal continued for 2 months.Re-examinations showed decreased cardiac function and enlarged left ventricle again.Medications were resumed again, and the patient was followed up closely.This case report suggested that CDG-Ia may be associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, and the cardiac phenotype may be improved by symptomatic supportive treatment.

CD80, CD86 and their receptors CD28 and CTLA-4 provide the necessary costimulatory signals for T cell. Virus infection may inhibit the expression of CD80 or CD86 to impair the function of specific T lymphocytes, thus avoid immune surveillance; it can also lead to the disorder of the expression of CD80 or CD86, inducing dysfunction of immune cells in the body, thus causing continuous infection and inflammation. Therefore, costimulation pathway CD80/CD86: CD28/CTLA-4 has great significance for the body to maintain a normal immune response, as well as the clearance of the virus and the recovery of the body. This article summarizes the studies on CD80, CD86 and their receptors in viral infection in recent years, and provides theoretical ideas and references for the control of viral infection.