Flow fluorescence microbeads array is a novel high throughput technique based on the combina tion of use of flow cytometry and use of fluorescence encoded microbeads as the solid phase for conventional im munoassay,affinity assay and DNA hybridization assay,.which offers a new approach to multiplexed assays for ap plications of large-scale screening.By utilizing appropriate fluorescence encoded micron-sized polymer particles, flow fluorescence microbeads array can be created to enable highly muhiplexed analysis of complex samples.Indi vidual sets of microbeads can be modified with reactive components such as antigens,antibodies or oligonu eleotides,then mixed with each other to form a multiplexed assay set.Flow fluorescence microbeads array com bines the specificity of fluorescence-encoded microbeads and the high sensitivity of flow cytometry,bears signifi cant potential as a general analysis platform for both research and clinical applications.Recent applications and advances are reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the correlation between the depression status of patients with post-stroke depression(PSD) and nerve function defect.Methods 75 patients in the first 24h of acute stroke onset were selected.According to the Zung depression self rating scale(SDS),75 cases were divided into simple stroke patients group and PSD group,and the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Scandinavian nerve function defect rating scale (SSS) were used for further evaluation.The score results were statistically analyzed.Results Of 75 cases with acute stroke,32 cases(42.7％) were diagnosed PSD.Admission day 2,at the end of 1,2 and 3 weeks,the HAMD scores between PSD patients and simple acute stroke group had statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.01).The HAMD scores of three groups of PSD patients (light,medium,heavy) appeared obvious changes with the prolonged time,which were significantly higher than the simple stroke group.The SSS score of simple stroke group and mild PSD patients increased with prolonged observation time,the difference between the two groups was significant (q =9.75,P ＜ 0.05).The SSS score of moderate and severe PSD patients decreased with prolonged observation time,compared with the simple stroke group,the differences were statistically significant(q =50.23,46.82,all P ＜ 0.05).In simple stroke patients and mild PSD patients,HAMD scores and SSS score had no correlation (r =0.062,P ＞ 0.05).In moderate and severe PSD patients,HAMD score and SSS score had correlation (r =4.682,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of PSD in acute brain stroke patients was 42.7％,and in patients with moderate and severe PSD,HAMD scores correlated with the degree of nerve function defect.Early intervention on depression treatment and promote the recovery of neural function is also important.

Objective To explore the relationships between serum levels of adiponectin and essential hypertension in the people with overweight and obesity.Methods The body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist-hip ratio(WHR) and blood pressure(BP) were measured among 21578 people from 21 to 60 years old in Shenzhen.According to BMI,the people were divided into the normal-weight group(BMI≤24kg/m~2)(n=14817),the overweight group(2495 cm,respectively(all P0.05).The serum levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with BMI,WC,WHR and systolic blood pressure in the hypertension obesity cases.Conclusion Adiponectin may be intimately related to obesity and essential hypertension.Keeping the BMI and WC at normal range is one of the effective ways to prevent the risk of essential hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and technique of minimally invasive management for acute ureteral obstruction and severe infection caused by calculi.Methods A total of 51 patients with acute upper urinary tract obstruction and severe infection caused by calculi were enrolled in this study.When infection,sepsis,and electrolyte disorders were corrected,emergent drainage by retrograde ureteral catheterization using cystoscopy or B-ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrostomy were carried out.Ureteroscopic lithotripsy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL)were performed after the infection was controlled.Results Cystoscopic retrograde ureteral catheterization was completed in 8 cases,and the other 43 patients were treated successfully by B-ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrostomy.During the operations,purulent urine spurted out from the drainage tube.Ten patients had transient hematuria and lumbar pain postoperation.None of the patients developed pneumothorax,urinary extravasation,perirenal hematoma,or abdominal organ injuries,etc.In 3 cases,recauterization was done because the catheter dropped out.In all the patients,the body temperature and blood white blood cell counts returned to a normal range 3 to 7 days after the drainage.Among the cases,8 were treated with ESWL,35 received ureteroscopic lithotripsy,and 8 underwent ESWL after the ureteral stone being pushed upwards to the renal pelvis.No severe complications,such as ureteral perforation or tears,massive hemorrhage,or high fever occurred after lithotripsy.The stones were completely removed in all the cases in 3 weeks postoperation(in 1 week for 34 cases).The patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months,during which the renal function recovered to a normal level.Conclusions Retrograde ureteral catheterization using cystoscopy or B-ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrostomy combined with ureteroscopic lithotripsy or ESWL is efficient for patients with acute ureteral obstruction and severe infection caused by calculi.By using the method,ureteral infection can be controlled quickly without causing severe complications.

BACKGROUND:The degradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) biliary-enteric composite stent has been developed. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the solubility and biocompatibility of the degradable PLLA biliary-enteric composite stent. METHODS:Solubility:the PLLA composite stent was implanted into artificial gastric acid to detect the dissolution rate within 12 weeks. Pyrogen test:the PLLA composite stent extracts were injected into the rabbits via ear vein to detect the changes of body temperature. Hemolysis test:the PLLA composite stent extracts, normal saline and distil ed water were added into the rabbit anticoagulant, respectively, to detect the hemolysis ratio. Cytocompatibility test:Caco-2 cel s were respectively cultured in the DMEM medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum, rubber material extracts and the PLLA composite stent extracts, and the cel proliferation was detected at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours;the lactic dehydrogenase release was detected at 2 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The PLLA composite stent showed a long stability in vivo, and approximately 80%was dissolved at about 20 weeks. No reactions of pyrogen and henolysis were observed in the pyrogen and hemolysis tests. The PLLA composite stent made no effects on the Caco-2 cel proliferation and lactic dehydrogenase release. In conclusion, the PLLA composite material holds a good solubility and cytocompatibility.

Objective To determine the efficacy of retrovirus-mediated HSV-TK gene transfer and GCV in a BALB/c mice model with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Methods A replication defective retroviral vector containing HSV-TK gene was used. In vivo experimental animals were divided into 3 groups.In group A,7 tumors were induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC);the virus was directly injected into the tumor and the animals received intraperitoneal GCV.In group B, 6 tumors were induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of transferred HSV-TK gene TCC and the animals received intraperitoneal GCV.In group C,6 tumors were induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 TCC and the animals received intraperitoneal normal saline.Tumor-volume measurement was performed in these 3 groups 10 d and 20 d after treatment, and the volume changes were compared among the 3 groups. Results In vivo experiment indicated that the mean tumor volume of group A [MBT-2 group, (55.37?4.52) mm3] and group B [MBT-2/HSV-TK group,(49.77?4.15)mm3] was reduced significantly compared with that of group C [control group,(146.27?10.46)mm3](P0.05).At 20 d after treatment, the mean tumor volume of group A [(186.75?8.14)mm3] and group B [(72.50?6.70)mm3] was also reduced compared with that of group C [(441.76?41.80)mm3] (P

ObjectiveTo study the operative procedure and effect of anastomostic pseudoaneurysm(APA). Methods Eleven patients with APA were treated surgically. The diagnosis of APA in all the patients was comfirmed by angiography and ultras onic examination. A small rupture leading to APA was repaired by lateral arteri orrhaphy using autologous vein patch in 4 cases; the APA caused by a big rupture of anastomosis,resection of the pseudoaneurysm and interposition o f a PTFE or antologous vein were used in 7 cases.Results10cas es were followed -up for 5-38 months (mean19.6 months),and 1case loss of follow-up.9 cases recovered to be normal in activities and works, only 1 ca se had nerve paralysis of the affect extremity caused by popliteal artery APA compression . All the cases have good blood perfusion of the extremities wit hout recurrence. Conclusions APA should be treated by surgery. During operation control blood vessels effectively and remove the pathological changetissues completely are important,and reasonable application of antibi otics and antithrombotic agents are the guarantee of getting successful results .

Objective To explore the expression changes of C/EBP homologous binding protein (CHOP)in intermittent hypoxic rats with cognitive function decline and clinical significance.Methods We randomly divided 75 adult male Wistar rats into normal group (NC group),5% intermittent hypoxia group (5% CIH group)and 10%intermittent hypoxia group (10% CIH group),with 25 rats in each.Then the three groups were further divided into 3 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d subgroups,and each time a subgroup had 5 rats.The control group was exposed to the air while 10% CIH group and 5% CIH group were exposed to CIH for eight hours from 8:00 to 1 6:00 each day. After exposure for 3 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d,the cognitive function of rats was assessed with Morris water maze, the expression of CHOP in the hippocampus was assayed qualitatively by immunohistochemical technique,and the apoptosis of neurons was detected by TUNEL method.Results ① With prolonged hypoxia,the time of escape latency obviously prolonged,the time spent crossing the target quadrant shortened (P < 0.05 ),and the apoptosis index of hippocampal neurons in the CIH groups was increased gradually compared with those in control group (P <0.05).The above-mentioned indexes changed more significantly in 5% CIH group than in 10% CIH group (P <0.05).②.The expression of CHOP protein at each time point was increased (P <0.05 ).In 10% CIH group it reached the peak at 28 d while in 5% CIH group it decreased after it peaked at 21 d.③ The expression of CHOP in the two CIH groups was positively correlated with apoptosis index and animal escape latency time,but negatively correlated with the target quadrant time.Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia,which is likely to induce the high expression of CHOP and activation of neural CHOP mediated apoptosis,causes cognitive impairment of various degrees.

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of retrograde ureteroscopy lithotomy (URSL)assisted antegrade percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for complex upper ureteral calculi in semisupine-lithotomy position.MethodsFrom March 2007 to December 2010,a total of 95 patients with complex upper ureteral calculi underwent retrograde URSL assisted antegrade PCNL in semisupine-lithotomy position.Ureteral calculi size was 12 mm × 6 mm to 38 mm × 15 mm,24 cases combined with renal calculus.Firstly retrograde URSL was performed,once the stone fragments moved up to renal pelvis,a 16-22 F PCNL working channel was established under the ultrasound guidance through which lithotripsy was performed using an ureteroscope.Finally a 6-7 F double-J tube was indwelled.ResultsOperations were successfullycompleted in 93 patients.However,in it 2 patients were converted to open surgery because of significantureteral distortion due to previous open surgery.Operative time was(42.7 ± 14.9) min; estimated blood loss was(34.5 ± 26.1 ) ml.The ureteral calculi clearance rate was 100.0％,and renal calculus clearance rate inthose combined with renal calculus was 95.8％ (23/24).There were no major intraoperative and postoperative complications excepted early urinary leakage in 2 cases and fever ≥39℃ in 3 cases.ConclusionsRetrograde URSL assisted antegrade PCNL in semisupine-lithotomy position is safe and feasible for complex upperureteral calculi,especially non-opaque calculi,combined with renal calculus,easily ascending ureteral calculi and large calculi burden which has low calculi clearance rate after URSL.The outcomes are encouraging with fewer complications.It also avoids intraoperative change of patient's position.

BACKGROUND:Smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells were traditionally used to construct tissue-engineered bladder and to perform double-sided implantation of scaffold.However,double-sided implantation is difficult to perform,because smooth muscle cells are difficult to isolate or culture in vitro and passage is limited.OBJECTIVE:To verify the feasibility of tissue-engineered bladder reconstruction with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and bladder acellular matrix(BAM).DESIGN:A basic empirical study.SETTING:Linbaixin Medical Research Center,Second Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:Experiments were performed at the Linbaixin Medical Research Center,Second Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from March 2006 to Mav 2007.The laboratory was the Opening Laboratory of Hospital Affiliated to Health Department of China.One-month old SD rats of either sex,weighting 80-100 g were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University.Fresh porcine bladders were offered by Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University.METHODS:Whole bone marrow culture and successive adherence method was used to culture rat BMSCs in vitro.Flow cytometry was employed to detect surface antigen.Eradicator washing method was applied to prepare porcine BAM and measure its purity and characteristies.Third passage of BMSCs were inoculated in BAM and cultured in a medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF165)(25 ng/L)in vive and in vitro to test compatibility.Cells cultured alone were considered to be controls for the in vivo trial,and materials non-implanted with cells were considered to be controls for in vitro trial.Suitable microenvironment was simulated to induce the differentiation of BMSCs.Four weeks and eight weeks later,compound materials were respectively removed to perform tissue section test.Simultaneously,immunohistochemistry keratin staining was conducted to examine regeneration of epithelial cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Biocompatibility of BMSCs and BAM.RESULTS:①BMSCs were cultured by whole bone marrow method.Flow cytometry demonstrated that third passage of cells were positive for CD29(99.43%).②BAM had good biological characteristics.Homogen matrix and byssoid collagen appeared under a microscope.Compatibility trials showed good compatibility of BMSCs and BAM and well-growth cells.③Four weeks later,histological section test confirmed inflammatory cell infiltration,closely-arranged collagen and elastic fiber.Immunohistochemistry keratin staining showed lamellar and discontinuous simple epithelium.Eight weeks later,no inflammatory cell infiltration was found,and closely-arranged collagen and elastic fiber were detected.Immunohistochemistry keratin staining showed lamellar and continuous multiple epitheliums.CONCLUSIoN:With good compatibility,BMSCs and BAM appear to be an ideal material for bladder tissue engineering.