AIM: By studying the ultrastructure of organs (hearts, brains, lungs, livers, kidneys) and vascular endothelial cells, and changes of physiological and biochemical indexes with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly rats, their signification and their developing rules were analyzed. METHODS: Wistar rats(Half of Wister rats were three-month-old and another half of twenty-month-old) were anaesthetized and dealt with cecal ligation puncture (CLP) operation. They were defined as MODSE group and MODSY group, respectively. They were perfused through all vascular circulation by 1% glutaric dialdehyde. These slices were observed under transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Physiological and biochemical indexes at 24 huor in elder rats were shown significant difference compared with the younger rats ( P

Objective To investigate the prevalence of AIDS among pregnant women and sexual transmitted disease ( STD) outpatients and their behavioral characteristics in Yingcheng. Methods According to the requirement of The implementation scheme for sentinel surveillance of HIV infection in China , the questionnaire surveys were conducted respectively among 400 pregnant women and 361 STD outpatients, and blood samples were taken from them for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) test. Results A total of 761 people were surveyed in 2010, among them no one were detected to be HIV positive 0% ) , 4 were detected to be infected with syphilis (0. 5% ) , 1 were detected to be infected with HCV (0. 1% ). Conclusion The infection of HIV in Yingcheng has been controlled well. The prominent high risk behavior of AIDS spreading in Yingcheng is heterosexual behavior. The men aged 40 are AIDS high-risk people and AIDS intervention focus people. Furthermore, it is very important to carry out publicity and education activities on AIDS to the immigrant laborers and the floating population.

Objective To summarize the experience of endovascular embolization for the treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms. Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 65 patients with posterior circulation aneurysm treated with endovascular embolization in Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong Province were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 65 patients with posterior circulation aneurysm received endovascular embolization in Jiangmen Central Hospital, including 30 females (46.2％) and 35 males (53.8％). Their age ranged from 37 to 76 years old(mean 57.3 ± 10.25).Ruptured aneurysms were found in 57 cases (87.7％) and unruptured aneurysms were found in 8 cases (12.3％). Parent arteries:22 (33.8％) in vertebral artery,23 (35.4％) in basilar artery,3 (9.2％) in posterior cerebral artery,2 (3.1％) in superior cerebellar artery, 2 (3.1％) in anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and 10 (15.4％) in posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Hunt-Hess grade:gradeⅠin 15 cases,gradeⅡin 29 cases,gradeⅢin 11 cases, grade Ⅳ in 6 cases, and grade Ⅴ in 4 cases. Twenty-one patients (32.3％) were treated with coil embolization alone,29 (44.6％) were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization, 6 (9.2％) were treated with stenting alone, and 9 (13.8％) were treated with parent artery embolization. Immediate angiography after surgery revealed that 54 patients (83.1％) were completely embolized, and 11 (16.9％) were not embolized completely. Three patients (4.6％) complicated with cerebral infarction, 2 (3.1％) had intraoperative rupture,2 had respiratory disturbance(3.1％),1 (1.5％) had hoarseness, and 1 had vitreous hemorrhage (1.5％).At discharge,the modified Glasgow outcome scale assessment showed that 53 patients (81.5％) had excellent outcome,5 (7.7％) had good outcome, and 7 (10.8％) had poor outcome. Of the patients with poor outcome, 2 (3.1％) died. Thirty-four patients (52.3％) were followed up by angiography, of whom 6 (17.6％) recurred, and 1 died of complicated cerebral infarction. Conclusion Although endovascular treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms is difficult, flexible selection of endovascular treatment may achieve good therapeutic effect.

Objective: To explore the clinical and pathological features and mutational types and their relations with WT1 mutation-associated nephropathy (WT1MAN). Methods: The clinical and pathological data and the results of WT1 mutation analysis of the cases from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University whom we recruited recently and reported during the last ten years were analyzed. Results: Totally, 20 cases (6 males and 14 females), included 5 newly diagnosed cases, were recruited. (1) Ten children were diagnosed with Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS): The median onset age of proteinuria was 1 year and 7 months. Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) were revealed in 3 cases, minimal lesions (MCD) in 4 cases, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 1 case; renal pathology was not available in the other 2 cases. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening was observed in 2 cases. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were administered in 5 cases, complete remission of proteinuria was observed in 3 cases, partial remission in the other 2 cases. Genetic analysis revealed that six cases had WT1 missense mutation, 3 had nonsense mutation, and 1 had frameshift mutation. (2) Two cases were diagnosed with Frasier syndrome (FS): proteinuria was observed at 1 year and 1 month of age and 1 year and 9 months of age, respectively. FSGS with GBM layering were observed in both cases. They progressed to ESRD at 1 year and 6 months of age and 6 years and 6 months of age, respectively. CNI was tried in 1 case with partial proteinuria remission. Both patients were detected to have WT1 splice mutation. (3) Isolated nephropathy (IN) was observed in 8 cases: three had splice mutation, 5 had missense mutation. Of the 3 patients with splice mutation, one was found to have nephropathy and renal failure at the age of 5 months. The other two cases (1 was FSGS and another MCD), both had GBM layering. CNIs were tried on both of them, one got partial remission with normal renal function at the age of fourteen years, the other one had no response and entered ESRD at the age of 6 years and 9 months. Of the 5 cases with missense mutation, 3 had DMS, 2 of them entered ESRD within 6 months of age, another case had DMS entered ESRD at 9 years of age. One case with FSGS, was treated with CNIs and got complete remission. Conclusions Slow progression (7/10) nephropathy was observed in DDS patients. Missense mutation (11/20) was the most common type of WT1 variants, followed by splice mutation (5/20) in this group of patients. Early onset nephropathy (4/5), rapid progression (4/5) and GBM layering (4/4) wereobserved in patients with splice mutation. CNI was effective in reducing or even eliminating proteinuria in WT1 MAN patients (8/9).

Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a systemic chronic auto-inflammatory disease， characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells， pannus formation， articular cartilage destruction， and bone matrix destruction. Therefore， improving articular cartilage destruction has an important impact on the treatment of RA. Chinese medicine has a good application effect in improving cartilage destruction of RA due to its characteristics of multiple components， multiple targets， high activity and low side effects. Based on this， the author reviewed relevant literature to summarize the relevant research and mechanism of Chinese medicine and its active components in improving RA cartilage destruction. The results showed that Chinese medicine and its active components can improve RA cartilage destruction by regulating inflammatory factors， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B， Wnt/β- catenin， nuclear factor-κB， mitogen-activated protein kinase， Janus kinase 2/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3/ vascular endothelial growth factor， microRNAs， fibroblastic synovial cells.