Objective To observe the effect of physical factors and promotion canalization on closed injury of brain.Method 68 cases of closed injury of brain were given the comprehensive rehabilitation therapy with many physical factors and promoting canalization technique.Result The patients' consciousnesses were significantly improved after treatment.The motorial function of hemiplegic limbs was distinctly improved(P< 0.05).The balance functions were distinctly improved(P< 0.001).The activities of daily living abilities were significantly improved(P< 0.05).Conclusion The physical factors and promoting canalization treatment on the closed injury of brain are functionally effective.

OBJECTIVE To understand situation in management of nosocomial infections in primary health centers in order to provide evidence for improving the management quality.METHODS An observatory study was(conducted) in 14 primary health centers using the evaluation criteria based on the requirements of The Guidelines for Management of Nosocomial Infections and the Guidelines for Disinfection in Hospitals.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in all of the 14 health centers.Most alarming problems were high incidence(15.7%),high(missing report)(67.7%),frequent use of antibiotics(71.2%),low proportion of nosocomial infection(specimens) submitted for testing(12.9%),lack of surveillance system for nosocomial infections and the data(feedback),and non-qualified hand-washing equipment in wards and clinics.CONCLUSIONS Special attention to management of nosocomial infections,improvement of surveillance system,and capacity-building of professionals in management of nosomial infections is the key issues for sustained and perfect development of management of nosocomial(infections) in primary health centers.

Objective To research the possible influence of operation and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) therapy on the development of antisperm antibody (AsAb) and serum levels of estradiol (E_2) and testosterone (T) of cryptorchidism boys after orchiopexy. Methods Forty cryptorchidism boys were studied who were divided into HCG treatment group and without HCG treatment group. Twenty boys who underwent inguinal operation were studied as the operation control group and 20 normal boys as the control group. The serum were collected for detection AsAb, E_2,and T. Results There were no significant difference in serum levels of E_2 and T among the three groups(P 0.05 ). Conclusions The level of AsAb is associated with the destroy of blood barrier and the disorder of immune modulation and endocrine. Treatment with HCG has no effect on AsAb level.

Objective To investigate the incidence and the risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP)in the elderly in Shanghai.Methods This was a muhicenter prospective clinical cohort study.A total of 5299 patients more than 65 years old.admitted into 31 secondary or tertiary hospitals in Shanghai,were enrolled.Measurements of the demographic and potential risk factors reflecting illness severity,nutrition,drug exposure,surgery and ventilation were performed.Pneumonia was classified by the definition of Chinese Medical Association.Risk factors were analyzed by univariate Pearson Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analysis with backward(Likelihood ratio).Resuits Of the enrolled patients,2805 male and 2494 female,255(4.81%)developed hospital-acquired pneumonia.The incidence was 46.75/1000 hospitalizations.Among them 38 died:and the rough mortality was 14.90%.The incidence of HAP was higher in ICU(21.43%),hematology(12.17%),chest surgery(11.41%),and respiratory medicine(7.92%)departments.The mean of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ)score was 8.3±3.4(5-31).Multivariable logistic regression analysis with backward (Wald)method found that admission into secondary hospitals.admission into ICU,history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease≥10 years,immunosuppression,administration of antibiotics,insertion of nasogastric tube,mechanical ventilation,administration of H-2 antagonists or antacid and≤7 d,central nervous system diseases,depressed level of consciousness,supine position,albumin＜35g/L were independent risk factors of HAP in the elderly.Conclusion Hospital-acquired pneumonia in the elderly was the usual type of nosocomial infections.The risk factors identified from this study may prove useful to target future clinical interventions to prevent HAP in the elderly.