Objective To explore the changes of ultrastructural characteristics including interstitial space dilation(ISD) and the number of desmosome in non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease(NERD)with abnormal and normal oesophageal acid exposure.Methods Nineteen patients with(abnormal) oesophageal acid exposure,20 with normal oesophageal acid exposure,10 with reflux(esophagitis)(RE) and 10 asymptomatic controls,classified on the basis of pH-metry,underwent(endoscopy.) Three biopsies were taken from the normal mucosa for light microscopy and transmission(electron microscopy) evaluation.ISD was measured and the number of desmosome in the intercellular spaces was calculated by using a digital scanner from photomicrographs of the specimens.The above two markers were compared with each other among the above groups.Results There was no significant difference in the mean score of the interstitial space between NERD and RE patients [(2.21?0.68)?m versus(2.39?0.42)?m,P0.05)].The mean score of the interstitial space of the control was(0.63(?0.21))?m,much lower than those of NERD and RE patients(P0.01).There was a significant(difference) in ISD between NERD with abnormal oesophageal acid exposure and normal oesophageal acid(exposure) [(2.45?0.67)?m versus(1.91?0.67)?m,P0.05].The mean numbers of desmosome in the intercellular space of the NERD and RE patients were(0.141?0.043) entries/?m~2 and(0.124(?0.044)) entries/?m~2,respectively,significantly lower than those of the controls [(0.221?0.031)(entries/?m~2].) But no significant differences were observed between the RE and the NERD patients(P0.05).Conclusions The interstitial space of esophageal mucosa in the NERD patients is dilated as in the RE.In NERD patients,the dilation of interstitial space is associated with abnormal acid exposure.The numbers of desmosome may also be a marker of esophageal mucosal injury of NERD.

Objective To compare the incidence of gastro-esophageal and -hypopharyngeal reflux during gynecological laparoscopy performed under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation (TT) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) .Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yrs with BMI 0.05 ) . Conclusion In low risk patients the incidence of gastro-esophageal regurgitation is comparable in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy in head-down position under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation using either LMA or TT.

14,and/or pH4% of the total time at 24-hour esophageal pH metry were considered to be pathologic acid reflux(GERD).All patients underwent a diagnostic test by receiving lansoprazloe 30mg or placebo twice daily for 7 days through a cross-over design.A symptom reduction of over 75% was considered positive.Results 18(17%) cases of esophagitis were found in 104 patients by endoscopy.83(80%) patients experienced a typical symptom hearburn.87(84%) patients showed pathologic acid reflux detected from pH metry and they were considered to be GERD.85(82%) of 104 patients had positive result in therapeutic test.There was a significant correlation between both the diagnosis obtained from a trial of lansoprazole and the diagnosis obtained from pH metry(P

Phagocytic capacities of both dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages(M?) in the DC-enriched fractions isolated from rat spleen were comparatively observed under electron microscope. Experiments were divided into two groups: in vitro and in vivo. In group 1, candida albicans(CA), cock red blood cells (CRBC) and CRBC opsonized with rat antiserum against CRBC (OCRBC) used as phagocytic markers were incubated with the DC-enriched fractions for 1h at 37℃ separately in vitro. In group 2, colloidal carbon (CC) (india ink) and heat killed Candida albicans (HKCA) were injected in vivo. The animals were sacrificed 18h later and DC-enriched fractions were isolated from the spleens. The results are as follow: generally, in the cytoplasm of DC, no phagocytic markers were identified except a few of DC ingested a small amount of CC in vivo and few CA occationally in vitro, while M? under the same conditions, ingested a lot of the substances mentioned above. It indicates that spleen M? phagocytose actively either to immunogenic or non-immunogenic, opsonized or non-opsonized particles (especially to opsonized particles), while DC in the same preparations are not.

Objective To evaluate the effect of csomeprazole with different dosage and usage regimes on intragastric pH of healthy volunteers. Methods It was a randomized, open-label, three-way crossover study. Fifteen healthy volunteers received esomeprazole with 3 different dosages (20 mg or 40 mg once daily or 20 mg twice daily) with 5 days each. Twenty-four continuous ambulatory intragastric pH was recorded at day 5 of each regime. Results The mean time of intragastric pH above 4 was higher in regime of 20 mg twice daily [(21.16 ±2.45) hours ] than that in regimes of 20 mg once daily [(18. 70±4.19) hours] and 40 mg once daily [(19.27±2.68 ) hours] (P<0.05). The percentages of the sleeping and active period that pH remained above 3,4,5 were significantly higher in regime of 20 mg twice daily(day time:95.0%±7.5% ,92.0%±10.6% ,86.7% ± 14.5% ;night time:93.2%± 13.1% ,87.8%±20.3% ,78.6%±28. 9 % )compared with regimes of 40 mg once daily(day time:87.9%±9.5% ,83.5%±11.7%,75.6%±15.50%, night time:75. 7%±20. 8%,66. 9%±23. 8%,53. 3%±30. 3%) and 20 mg once daily(day time: 85.1 % ± 16.3 %, 81.1 %± 18. 1%, 71.5 % ± 20.3 % ; night time: 72.9 % ± 30.5 %,67.2 % ± 31.9 %, 55.7 % ± 31.8 % ) (P< 0.05 ). Esomeprazole maintained intragastric pH above these pH thresholds for a similar propotion of sleeping and active periods with 40 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily.Conclusions Esomeprazole has strong inhibitory effect on intragastric acid. The regime of 20 mg twice daily is superior to 40 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily in both day and night time acid inhibition.There is no difference between esomeprazole 40 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily.

0.05). Conclusions Gastric hypersensitivity, impaired proximal gastric accommodation and delayed gastric emptying may be important but independent pathophysiological factors of FD. Different pathophysiological factors can coexist in one patient with FD.

0.05) for penetrating blood vessel, 46% and 18%( P

Expression of Ia-antigen on cells in lymphoid dendritic cells (LDCs)-enrt- ched fractions isolated from unstimulated rat spleens was observed with ABC immunoperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescent staining methods. The results appeared that there were three types of cells in stained preparaions: 1. Large cells with dendritic processes on their surfaces showed dark brown in colour with ABC staining method and emitted intense light-green fluorescence with immuno- fluorescent staining technic. 2. Large rounded or ovoid cells without obviously ramifications revealed colourless or light yellow-brown in colour with ABC sta- ining method and emitted no or weak yellow-green fluorescence with immuno- fluorescent staining technic. 3. Spherical lymphocytes of varying in size were similar to type 2 cells in immunoreactivity. The results of SEM and S-100 pro- tein staining confirmed that these three types of cells were LDCs, macrophages and lymphocytes in turn. It is indicated that LDCs consistently expressed Ia- antigen in large amount on their surfaces.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of non-acidic reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and its correlation extent with heartburn symptom by 24-hour combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring. Methods Consecutive patients with chief complain of heartburn in gastrointestinal specialty clinic were enrolled. Patients were divided into erosive esophagitis (EE) group, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group after upper gastrointestinal endoscope, further diagnosed with 24-hour combined MII-pH monitoring and rabeprazole test. The MII-pH parameters were compared in these two groups. Results 36 cases of EE and 62 of NERD were enrolled. There was significant difference in acidic reflux frequency and acidic reflux time percentage between these two groups (P=0. 001 and 0. 002). The frequency of non-acidic reflux in EE and NERD groups was 37.3% (663/1777) and 44.3% (1220/2754) respectively (x2 =21. 723,P = 0. 000). The percentage of heartburn symptom positive index in patients with acidic reflux, non-acidic reflux , and total reflux in EE group was 36.1 % (13/36), 19.4 % (7/36) and 55.6%(20/36) respectively, while in NERD group was 27. 4% (17/62), 6.4 % (4/62) and 33.8% (21/62).Conclusion The percentage of non-acidic reflux in EE and NERD groups was 37.3% and 44.3%respectively, and the non-acidic reflux was highly related to heartburn symptom.

Objective To analyse the clinical features of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)who had scores＜12 using reflux diagnostic questionnaires(RDQ).Methods A comparative and retrospective study was carried out in 148 GERD patients.Among whom 22 patients had low RDQ score(＜12)and 126 patients had high RDQ score(≥12).The differences in heart burn,substantial chest pain,regurgitation,severity and frequency of food reflux between two groups were compared.Nevertheless,the atypical symptoms such as chest distress.abnormal sensation of regurgitation or food reflux was significantly lower in patients with RDQ＜12 than those with RDQ≥accounted for 60.28%of the total RDQ score,whereas the heart burn,regurgitation and food reflux atypical symptom of chest distress was found in 13 patients(59.09%),abnormal sensation of throat in 8 patients(36.36%).cough and asthma in 3 patients(13.63%),headache in 5 patients(22.72%),belching in 9 patients(40.90%),aypnia in 8 patients(36.36%),and anxiety in 6 patients(27.27%).Conclusion RDQ is insensitive to those who have chest pain with no obvious symptom of heart burn,regurgitation or food reflux as well as those with atypical symptom beyond the RDQ.