OBJECTIVE: The research is aimed at investigating the developing rule and the relationship between syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical factors of gastric cancer, so that it can be helpful to the clinical work and indicating the prognosis. METHODS: We collected the medical records and the information of four diagnostic methods of 325 cases of gastric cancer sufferers in the way of clinical epidemiological survey, and divided them into 6 syndromes including dysfunction of spleen, disharmony of liver and stomach, blood stagnation in stomach, yin deficiency of stomach, phlegm dampness stagnation and deficiency of both qi and blood. Then we used univariate analysis of variance, rank sum test and chi square test to analyse the relationship between syndrome differentiation and clinical-related factors such as age, gender, Karnofsky score and clinical stage, etc. RESULTS: The syndrome of dysfunction of spleen plays the primary role in the disease. Disharmony of liver and stomach always happens in early stage of stomach cancer, usually more often in radical operation cases and less in metastasis ones. It also has a high proportion in female. Phlegm dampness stagnation and blood stagnation in stomach usually can be seen in middle or advanced stage of the disease, which have lower Karnofsky score. Deficiency of both qi and blood is the syndrome of stomach cancer in advanced stage, which results in lower living quality, and with high rate of relapse and metastasis. Syndrome of yin deficiency of stomach has lower proportion in stomach cancer cases, and the clinical-related factors have low influence on it. CONCLUSION: Syndrome in TCM of gastric cancer is relevant to some clinical factors and varies in progress.

OBJECTIVE: The research is aimed at investigating the developing rule and the relationship between syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and clinical factors of gastric cancer so as to guide clinical work and indicate prognosis. METHODS: We collected the medical records and the information of four diagnostic methods of 325 cases of gastric cancer sufferers in the way of clinical epidemiological survey, and divided them into 6 syndromes including dysfunction of spleen, disharmony of liver and stomach, blood stagnation in stomach, yin deficiency of stomach, phlegm dampness stagnation and deficiency of both qi and blood. Then we used logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationship between syndrome differentiation and clinical-related factors such as age, gender, Karnofsky score and clinical stage, etc. RESULTS: The syndrome spleen dysfunction is a dominant one among the syndromes of stomach cancer. Disharmony of liver and stomach always happens in early stage of stomach cancer and is frequently seen in women. Patients with syndrome of phlegm dampness stagnation or deficiency of both qi and blood have lower Karnofsky score and poorer living quality. Syndromes of blood stagnation in stomach and yin deficiency of stomach show no relationship with the clinical factors in this research. CONCLUSION: Syndrome differentiation in TCM of gastric cancer is related to some clinical factors to a certain extent.

Objective To develop a method to determine Pb and Cd in Qingkailing Injection by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and search their source. Methods The samples, digested via microwave, were determined the contents of Pb and Cd by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in raw material, intermediate and finished product of Qingkailing Injection. Results The standard curve of Pb was Y=0.007 3X+0.011 6, and Cd was Y=0.056 7X+0.060 4. The regression equation of Pb and Cd was 97.0% and 95.6%, respectively. Content determination of Pb and Cd in Qingkailing Injection revealed that Pb and Cd in finished product came from raw materials. Conclusion The method is rapid, high sensitive and accurate, and can be applied to the inspection of Pb and Cd in Qingkailing Injection.

Objective To compare the efficacy of three procedures,extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL),ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL) combined with ESWL,and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL),for the treatment of complicated upper ureteral calculi.Methods Two hundred and thirty-four cases of complicated upper ureteral calculi were treated in this hospital from December 2002 to December 2003,including 76 cases of ESWL,78 cases of combined use of URL and ESWL,and 80 cases of MPCNL.Results In the ESWL cases,the stone fragmentation rate on one session was 56.6%((43/76),) the stone-free rate one month after operation was 46.1%(35/76),the mean hospitalization expenditure was 912 yuan,and the incidence of postoperative complications was 15.8%(12/76).In the URL combined with ESWL cases,the stone fragmentation rate on one session was 100%(78/78),the stone-free rate one month after operation was 83.3%(65/78),the mean hospitalization expenditure was 7 720 yuan,and the incidence of postoperative complications was 15.4%(12/78).In the MPCNL cases,the stone fragmentation rate on one session was 100%(80/80),the stone-free rate one month after operation was 100%(80/80),the mean hospitalization expenditure was 10 253 yuan,and the incidence of postoperative complications was 13.8%(11/80).The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,stone-free rate one month after operation,and hospitalization expenditure were significantly greater in the MPCNL cases than in the ESWL cases and the URL combined with ESWL cases.The stone fragmentation rate on one session was not significantly different between the MPCNL cases and the URL combined with ESWL cases,and was significantly higher in the MPCNL cases and the URL combined with ESWL cases than in the ESWL cases.The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different among the three groups.Conclusions Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy should be used as the first choice for complicated upper ureteral calculi.

Angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)can induce the expression of its precursor,angiotensinogen,in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC),which is related with increased activating protein-1(AP-1)binding to its cis-element located in the angiotensinogen gene promoter.In the present study,cycloheximide(CHX)was used as an inhibitor to interrupt c-Jun,the role of AP-1 in AngⅡ-induced its precursor gene activation was investigated by DNA-protein interaction and immunoblotting.The results showed that the level of c-Jun,the component of transcription factor AP-1,was significantly increased in the nucleus of VSMC after AngⅡ treatment.The majority of c-Jun was found in the nucleus but hardly detected in the cytoplasm by immunocytochemistry staining.Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that AngⅡ could induce serine phosphorylation of c-Jun.EMSA results indicated that the level of phosphorylated of c-Jun had a positive correlation with AP-1 binding activity to cis-acting element of angiotensinogen gene and transcription activation of angiotensinogen.CHX inhibited AngⅡ-induced binding activity of AP-1 by reducing the phosphorylation of c-Jun,though it did not affect the expression of c-Jun.These findings suggest that the AP-1 phosphorylation induced by AngⅡ is one of the important mechanisms whereby AngⅡ regulates its precursor gene expression in feedback manner.It is found that CHX is an inhibitor to phosphorylation of c-Jun.

One hundred and twenty cases of male infertility were treated by oral administration of Sheng Jing Zhu Yu Decoction, one dose daily for 2 consecutive months and 72 cases were used as control group. Sperm analysis was made before and after treatment. Results showed that after treatment the motility rate, rapid mobility rate and various mobility indices of sperm were improved in the treatment group and among the 120 cases treated, 16 cases's spouses had pregnancy. It is proved that Sheng Jing Zhu Yu Decoction has a definite therapeutic effect on male infertility, and the therapeutic mechanism might be increase of mobility rate, rapid mobility rate and improvement of mobility indices of sperm.

The vacuolated effect of Helicobacter (H. pylori) and its relationship to vacuolated cytotoxin antigen (VacA) were investigated by the method of cytotoxic test and SDS-pobyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Of the 62 clinical isolates, the broth culture filter (BCF) of 43 strains caused the Vero cell intracytoplasmically vacuolated. H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin+) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin-) group without vacuolated effect. The analysis of the BCF of H. pylori (Toxin+) and that of H. pylori (Toxin-) was studied by SDS-PAGE and Scan reader. A kind of protein with 87 ku molecular weight was recognized in the BCF of 30.23% (13/43) H. pylori (Toxin+) strains but in none of that of H. pylori (Toxin-) strains, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a significant and concordant relationship between OD of the protein band with 87 ku molecular weight and titer of vacuolated activity of H. pylori (Toxin+) (r = 0.67 and P < 0.05 by linear regression analysis). H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin+) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin-) group without vacuolated effect. The vacuolated effect of H. pylori (Toxin+) was caused by the protein with 87 ku molecular weight (VacA).
*Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections/*microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/*genetics ; Peptic Ulcer/*microbiology ; Stomach Diseases/microbiology ; Vacuoles

Objective To evaluate the effect of csomeprazole with different dosage and usage regimes on intragastric pH of healthy volunteers. Methods It was a randomized, open-label, three-way crossover study. Fifteen healthy volunteers received esomeprazole with 3 different dosages (20 mg or 40 mg once daily or 20 mg twice daily) with 5 days each. Twenty-four continuous ambulatory intragastric pH was recorded at day 5 of each regime. Results The mean time of intragastric pH above 4 was higher in regime of 20 mg twice daily [(21.16 ±2.45) hours ] than that in regimes of 20 mg once daily [(18. 70±4.19) hours] and 40 mg once daily [(19.27±2.68 ) hours] (P<0.05). The percentages of the sleeping and active period that pH remained above 3,4,5 were significantly higher in regime of 20 mg twice daily(day time:95.0%±7.5% ,92.0%±10.6% ,86.7% ± 14.5% ;night time:93.2%± 13.1% ,87.8%±20.3% ,78.6%±28. 9 % )compared with regimes of 40 mg once daily(day time:87.9%±9.5% ,83.5%±11.7%,75.6%±15.50%, night time:75. 7%±20. 8%,66. 9%±23. 8%,53. 3%±30. 3%) and 20 mg once daily(day time: 85.1 % ± 16.3 %, 81.1 %± 18. 1%, 71.5 % ± 20.3 % ; night time: 72.9 % ± 30.5 %,67.2 % ± 31.9 %, 55.7 % ± 31.8 % ) (P< 0.05 ). Esomeprazole maintained intragastric pH above these pH thresholds for a similar propotion of sleeping and active periods with 40 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily.Conclusions Esomeprazole has strong inhibitory effect on intragastric acid. The regime of 20 mg twice daily is superior to 40 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily in both day and night time acid inhibition.There is no difference between esomeprazole 40 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily.

BACKGROUND: The biomechanical studies about calcium sulfate cement vertebroplasty are only limited to the single fracture vertebra, not performed in spinal compression fracture unit with posterior transpedicular screw fixation. Furthermore, performing experimental study in the whole function spine unit (FSU) conforms to actual clinical situation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the biomechanical properties of calcium sulfate vertebroplasty combined with posterior transpedicular screw fixation in treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A controlled experiment was performed at the Biomechanical Laboratory of Shanghai University in March 2009. MATERIALS: Fifteen fresh thoracolumbar spines were harvested from male calves and made into T_(11)-L_1 FSU, then divided into 3 groups randomly: normal control group, posterior transpedicular screw fixation group and transpedicular screw fixation plus vertebroplasty group. METHODS: T_(12) flexion-compression fracture models were made in all specimens of posterior transpedicular screw fixation group and transpedicular screw fixation plus vertebroplasty group, undergoing reduction and posterior transpedicular screw fixation, and calcium sulfate vertebroplasty combined with posterior transpedicular screw fixation respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All specimens were placed on the WE-10A universal testing machine for mechanical test. Load-straining, load-displacing, rigidity, strength and torsion of the FSU were performed in axial compression, flexion, extension and lateral bending states. The experimental outcomes were collected and compared by statistic analysis. RESULTS: The load-strain and loed-displacement showed a linear relationship. Straining values in vertebral body and intervertebral disc of calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group were 14% and 12% less than that of posterior transpedicular screw fixation group, 21% and 13% less than that of normal control group. The thoracolumbar displacement in calcium sulfate vertebroplasty Plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group decreased 25% and 37% as compared with other 2 groups respectively. Compared with normal control and posterior transpedicular screw fixation group, the thoracolumbar stiffness in calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group increased 53% and 44% respectively. The strength in vertebral body and intervertebral disc of calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group were 14% and 24% higher than that of posterior transpedicular screw fixation group, 13% and 20% higher than that of normal control group. The maximal twisting strength of FSU in calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group were 18% and 30% higher than that of other 2 groups, the twisting stiffness were 30% and 40% higher than that of other 2 groups. The data above were significant differences statistically (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Posterior transpedicular screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate vertebroplasty show superior biomechanical properties for treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures, which exhibits not only strong strength and stiffness, but also stable FSU, thus could decrease the stress loading of the internal fixation, the incidences of screw breakage and avoid the altitude loss of vertebral body.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in evaluating cystic renal mass. Methods According to the imaging diagnosing standard, 29 cystic renal mass lesions were studied with contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS), unenhanced ultrasonography (US), contrast enhanced CT(CECT) and then correlated their results with final histopathological results. The data were tested by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results The area under ROC curve of CEUS and US was 0. 721, 0. 997, respectively. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0. 003). The area under ROC curve of CEUS and CECT was 0. 997, 0. 997,respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P= 1. 000). Conclusions CEUS is better than US and similar to CECT in evaluating cystic renal mass. CEUS with the Bosniak classification is useful for evaluating cystic renal mass.