Objective To observe the effect of local mild hypothermia and Naloxone in the treatment of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Forty-five patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group(12 patients),a hypothermia group(11 patients),a Naloxone group(11 patients)and a hypothemrmia plus Naloxone group(11 patients).The patients in the control group were managed with conventional interventions including the administration of 6-aminocaproic acid within 24 hours and dehydrant when intracranial pressure was high.Those in the hypothermia and Naloxone groups were treated with local hypothermia at 33～34 ℃ for 3 days or intravenous transfusion of Naloxone at 4 mg/d in addition to the conventional intervention.Those in the combination group were treated with local hypothermia and intravenous Naloxone in addition to the conventional intervention.Immediately after admission and 2 weeks after treatment,head CT scans were conducted to observe the volume of cerebral hematoma and edema.The patients' neurological function was scored according to the European Stroke Standards(ESS)before and after treatment. Results There was no significant difference among the 4 groups in terms of the volume of hematoma and edema or in their ESS scores before treatment.After treatment,any differences among the 4 groups with regard to hematoma volume were not significant.The volume of edema in the hypothermia group was similar to that in the combination group and significantly lower than that in the Naloxone andcontrol groups.Hematoma volume in the Naloxone group was significantly lower than that in the control group.After treatment,the ESS scores were significantly higher in the combination group than that in hypothermia group,and scores in the hypothermia group were significantly higher than in the Naloxone group.ESS scores in the Naloxone group were significantly higher that in the control group. Conclusion Local mild hypothermia and Naloxone treatment can inhibit cerebral edema and enhance recovery of neurological function in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Local mild hypothermia has advantages over Naloxone in inhibiting the development of cerebral edema and in promoting recovery of neurological function.Local mild hypothermia in combination with Naloxone further inhibits edema,and it can enhance neurological function to a greater extent.