Using “glaucoma” as an experimental curriculum,we focused on the teaching reform of the combination of online courses and classroom teaching.The important change was PBL ( problem based learning ). We wanted to change the traditional teacher-centered teaching model and help the students to change from passive learning to active learning. On the other hand we wanted to enhance the classroom learning effect by using the “problem” “discussion” “interactive” teaching ways.We used this teaching model in the large class courses for eight-year implementation of 2007 undergraduate.The evaluation of feedback was very satisfactory.

The teaching mode in ophthalmology has been reformed by giving special subject lessons by different persons.After the reform,there appear the advantages and disadvantages of actual teaching effect.To aim directly at change we propose strengthening the cultivation of young teachers,optimizing the design of teaching content,establishing teaching rules and regulations,introducing PBL(problem based learning)method and stressing evidence-based thinking training.

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Objective To study the clinical and coronary characteristics of drug abuse women patients with acute myocardial in-farction .Methods Data of 70 women patients ,who were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and underwent emergent coronary angiography in department of jurisdiction ,Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital ,Chinese People′s Armed Police Force from January 2006 to July 2012 ,were analyzed .Results 66 of 70 were ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction ,4 were non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction ;67 of 70 were obstructive lesion ,underwent percutaneous coronary intervention .With the drug abuse time prolonging ,the combining risk factors increased ,the occurrence rate of AMI increased(P<0 .05) .Data of coronary angiography showed that the culprit vessels of most AMI patients with different drug abuse time were single vessel lesion ,which was significantly higher than the rate of three vessel and main stem .the most common culprit vessel was the left anterior descending artery ,followed by the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery lesion .three vessel and main stem lesion were short in pa-tients of drug abuse time <5 years ,with the prolonging of drug abuse time ,three vessel and main stem lesion increased .There was 1 death example in prison and 5 re-admission fore agnia during the follow-up .Conclusion Most AMI in drug abuse women patients with acute myocardial infarction is STEMI .Single vessel and obstructive lesion is the most common .The most common culprit ves-sel was the left anterior descending artery .Most female patients were complicated with congenital coronary malformation or autoim-mune disease .With the prolonging of drug abuse time and increasing of combining risk factors ,the rate of AMI increases .

Although chronic lateral instability of the ankle is a common disorder, there are not many reports and researches on it in China. This is because most patients with the condition do not seek a thorough cure of it and consequently surgeons pay little attention to it. In this article, we discuss some of the problems about its diagnosis, describe and compare several surgical procedures for reconstruction of the lateral ligament. We hope this paper can help surgeons know more about how to make an accurate diagnosis of the chronic lateral instability of the ankle and how to deal with it.

0.05). Nine foots (18.0% ) reported soft tissue problems in the plate group, and three foots (5.5% ) in the limited internal fixation group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P

A pneumatic and electrically controlled cardiopulmonary resuscitator is developed for automatic closed chest cardiac compression.Oriented to closed chest compression,artificial ventilation,synchronous defibrillation and early advanced life support,this resuscitator is as excellent as foreign like products and is postured for first aid of pre-hospital and hospital patients with cardiac and respiratory arrest.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple individualized dosage regimen of multiple oral dosing of Theophyllin. METHODS:Based on pharmacokinetic parameters,Excel function was used to design the dosage regimen of multiple oral dosing extravascular administration of one-compartment model with Theophylline as an example. RESULTS:The following parameters such as plasma drug concentration at any time (t) since administration of Theophylline,peak time,maximum steady plasma-drug concentration,minimum steady plasma-drug concentration,accumulation coefficient,fluctuation percentage,fluctuation amplitude,and dosage for children and the old could be obtained and the concentration-time curves were able to be drawn from the input data including physical and pathological parameters,dosage (X0) of Theophylline,interval ?,absorption rate constant (Ka),drug clearance rate (CL),absorption fraction (F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd). CONCLUSION:The method adopted in our study is simple,reliable and intuitive,and it is applicable for the design of the individualized dosage regimen of Theophyllin.

9scores). Results Fifty-five of fifty-seven cases with CT between 0～6 scores,which considered to be resected,underwent tumor resection . The accuracy of prediction of CT was 96.5%. Conclusions Preoperative CT scord could accurately predict the resectability and difficulty of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of Tongxinluo on cerebral ischemic tolerance and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rats with cerebral infarction.Methods The neurophysical assessment and the volume of the cerebral infarction in Tongxinluo group,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)group,preconditioning and MCAO(PC-MCAO)group were determined at different time point.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured with immunohistochemitry and the apoptosis of the nerve cells were detected with TUNEL.Results Among these groups in the corresponding time,the neurophysical marks of Tongxinluo group was the lowest and the cerebral infarction volume was the smallest at 24 h,3 d and 5 d points.The Bcl-2 positive neurons were the highest,while the Bax positive neurons and the apoptosis rate of nerve cells were the lowest around the necrotic areas in Tongxinluo group(P<0.05).Conclusion Tongxinluo can improve the cerebral ischemic tolerance and increase the expression of Bcl-2 and decrease that of Bax around the necrotic area after cerebral ischemia in rats.