Objiective To provide the applied anatomy for the eyebrow lifting plasty. Methods The clinical surgical anatomy of the eyebrow region were studied bilaterally in 15 embalmed cadaveric heads and 9 fresh adult cadaveric heads. The cross sections of 2 embalmed cadaveric heads were observed. Results ⑴ A lot of fibrous tissue origined from the dermis of eyebrow attached to the SMAS. The eyebrow was moved by those fibrous tissue when the frontalis contracted. ⑵ The eyebrow was moved on the loosen layer under the SMAS. Conclusions ⑴ The loosen layer under the SMAS is the anatomic basis of eyebrow movement. ⑵ The basic methods of eyebrow lifting are the skin excision or suspension and restoration of the eyebrow.

AIM: To investigate the effects of transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) induced by IL-1β.METHODS: The mRNA expression of TRPC6 in synovial tissues from RA or OA patients was studied by RT-qPCR.RA-FLS were cultured by enzyme digestion and tissue adhesion methods.The method of flow cytometry was applied to identify the RA-FLS.RA-FLS were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 μg/L) of IL-1β for 36 h.The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay.RA-FLS were incubated with IL-1β (16 μg/L) for different time (12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h), and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The interference efficiency of TRPC6-siRNA was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.After incubation in the presence or absence of IL-1β medium, the cell viability, the percentage of EdU-positive cells and the percentage of (G2/M+S) phase were measured by CCK-8 assay, EdU labeling assay and flow cytometry, respectively.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TRPC6 was found in synovial tissue with higher levels in RA patients than that in OA patients.TRPC6-siRNA significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC6 (P<0.05).When RA-FLS were treated with IL-1β, the proliferation of RA-FLS was increased (P<0.05).The differences of the cell viability, the percentage of EdU-positive cells and the (G2/M+S) phase percentage between TRPC6-siRNA group and blank control group or NC-siRNA group were significant, in the presence of IL-1β (P<0.05).However, they were not significant in the absence of IL-1β.CONCLUSION: TRPC6 is involved in the proliferation of RA-FLS induced by IL-1β.Silencing of TRPC6 gene inhibits the growth of RA-FLS induced by IL-1β.

BACKGROUND:Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cel s 2 (TREM-2) is highly expressed throughout the synovial tissue in active rheumatoid arthritis patients, but the role of TREM-2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis stil remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the TREM-2 expression in the synovial tissue of col agen type II-induced arthritis rats.
METHODS:The col agen-induced arthritis models were established in rats. The activity indicators and pathological changes of arthritis synovial were dynamical y observed. The mRNA levels of TREM-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10 were detected in synovial tissue of rats by RT-PCR. The protein expression and location of TREM-2 were measured with western blot assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At day 13 after immunization, the paws of model rats appeared red and swel ing, the arthritis index scores were increased (P<0.01). At day 19-25 after immunization, the inflammation reached the peak. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that, the synovium of col agen-induced arthritis rats were proliferated and were infiltrated by inflammatory cel s, cartilage was destroyed. Compared with the control group, the expression of TREM-2 mRNA and protein, the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βin synovial tissue of the model rats were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while interleukin-10 mRNA expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, TREM-2 is a crucial inflammatory regulator and the increasing expression of TREM-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of col agen-induced arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the emergency surgical strategies for patients with acute abdomen during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 20 patients with acute abdomen who were admitted to the Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 18, 2020 and February 10, 2020 were collected. There were 13 males and 7 females, aged from 25 to 82 years, with an average age of 57 years. All the patients with emergency surgeries received pulmonary computed tomography (CT) examination before surgery, and completed nucleic acid detection in throat swab if necessary. Patients excluded from COVID-19 underwent regular anesthesia, suspected and confirmed cases were selected a proper anesthesia based on their medical condition and surgical procedure. Patients excluded from COVID-19 underwent emergency surgeries following the regular procedure, suspected and confirmed cases underwent emergency surgeries following the three-grade protection.Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as average (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers.Results:(1) Surgical situations: of the 20 patients with acute abdomen, 16 patients were excluded from COVID-19, and 4 were not excluded. All the 20 patients underwent emergency abdominal surgeries successfully, of whom 2 received surgeries under epidural anesthesia (including 1 with open appendectomy, 1 with open repair of duodenal bulbar perforation), 18 received surgeries under general anesthesia (including 9 with laparoscopic repair of duodenal bulbar perforation, 3 with open partial enterectomy, 3 with laparoscopic appendectomy, 1 with laparoscopic left hemicolectomy, 1 with laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, 1 with cholecystostomy). The operation time of patients was 32-194 minutes, with an average time of 85 minutes. The volume of intraoperative blood loss was 50-400 mL, with an average volume of 68 mL. (2) Postoperative situations: 16 patients excluded from COVID-19 preopratively were treated in the private general ward postoperatively. One of the 16 patients had fever at the postoperative 5th day and was highly suspected of COVID-19 after an emergency follow-up of pulmonary CT showing multiple ground-glass changes in the lungs. The patient was promptly transferred to the isolation ward for treatment, and results of nucleic acid detection in throat swab showed double positive. Medical history described by the patient showed that the patient and family members were residents of Wuhan who were not isolated at home during the epidemic. There was no way to confirm whether they had a history of exposure to patients with COVID-19. Medical staffs involved in this case did not show COVID-19 related symptoms during 14 days of medical observation. The other 15 patients recovered well postoperatively. The 4 patients who were not excluded from COVID-19 preoperatively based on medical history and results of pulmonary CT examination were directly transferred to the isolation ward for treatment postoperatively. They were excluded from COVID-19 for two consecutive negative results of nucleic acid detection in the throat swab and recovered well. Two of the 20 patients with acute abdomen had postoperative complications. One had surgical incision infection and recovered after secondary closure following opening incision, sterilizing and dressing, the other one had intestinal leakage and was improved after conservative treatment by abdominal drainage. There was no death in the 20 patients with acute abdomen.Conclusions:Patients with acute abdomen need to be screened through emergency forward. Patients excluded from COVID-19 undergo emergency surgeries following the regular procedure, and patients not excluded from COVID-19 undergo emergency surgeries following the three-grade protection. The temperature, blood routine test and other laboratory examinations are performed to monitor patients after operation, and the pulmonary CT and throat nucleic acid tests should be conducted if necessary. Patients excluded from COVID-19 preopratively are treated in the private general ward postoperatively, and they should be promptly transferred to the isolation ward for treatment after being confirmed. Patients who are not excluded from COVID-19 preoperatively based on medical history should be directly transferred to the isolation ward for treatment postoperatively.