BACKGROUND:Currently, there is a lack of effective hip preserving therapy in patients with alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Artificial hip replacement is the only choice for the patients whose function of the hip joint is affected by the colapse of the femoral head in the late stage. Therefore, to understand the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head is of great significance for the effective hip preserving therapy in patients.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in apoptosis of bone cels in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head both at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the treatment of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head.
METHODS:PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved by the first author using computer to search relevant articles addressing the effect of apoptosis of bone cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. The keywords were “osteonecrosis of femoral head and apoptosis”, “bone cell, apoptosis, gene, signal” or “osteonecrosis, alcohol”in the title and the full text. Repetitive and old literatures were excluded, and finally 40 foreign language articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, the theory of apoptosis of bone cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head has been gradually recognized and has become the focus of research on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Apoptosis of bone cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Various genes, such as p53, Bcl-2 family, tumor necrosis factor, Caspase, are crucial to control the apoptosis of bone cells. Although we have made some progresses at the gene level, there is still a lack of relevant studies on alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head due to the complexity of pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND:Polylactic acid(PLA)surface is hydrophobic and there are no nataral recognition sites,so its application is limited.Many different strategies have been studied such as composition and chemical Drafting,to produce hydrophilic groups.However,these traditional methods are always involved in complex process and many organic reagents,resulting in decrease of biocompatibility.OBJECTIVE:To conduct the surfacr modification of PL.A and improve its hydrophilicity with low temperature plasma treatment.DESIGN:Controlled observation.SETTING:Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Jinan University.MATERIAIS:The experiment was processed from October 2004 to October 2005 at Guangzhou Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials Engineering(Ministry of Education).The mainly used materials were:Poly-D,L-lactic acid(Mr 2.9×104,Shandong Medical Instrument Institute),N-vinyl-pyrrolidone(NVP,Acros Company,purified before use).METHODS:The materials were treated in the plasma reactor under different conditions(power=150 W,t=3,2,1 minutes;power=30 W,t=10,8,5,3,1 minutes)to choose the optimal condition,and then PLA were grafted with NVP by gas phase polymerization and liquid polymerization,respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:THe surface morphology of the films was observed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.The hydrophilicity of native and treated material surfaces was measured using a water contact angle meter.Surface composition was detected with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.Mass changesmeasurement was applied to characterize the grafting efficiency.RESULTS:Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the plasma medified materials possessed coarse surface with pores and notches.Water contact angles decreased obviously from 78°to 50°after grafting,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer showed a new absorption peak at 1 637.19 cm-1,which corresponded to the carbonyl stretch vibration absorption of amide group in poly-N-vinyl-pyrrolidone.After the plasma treatmerlt at low temperature.the mass change ratio of PLA film material was-0.6.CONCLUSION:The plasma treatment and polymerization can improve the hydrophilicity and cause coarsr surface of PLA material,which will be helpful for the cell attachment.

Objective To observe and compare the effects of acupuncture and acupuncture plus speech therapy on activation of the brain areas in aphasic patients by use of oxygenation level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI).Methods Twenty patients with aphasia caused by stroke were randomized into two groups by use of random number table (10 cases in each group):an experimental group subject to acupuncture treatment combined with speech therapy,and a control group subject to speech therapy only.All the cases were dextromanuality.On admission and after 1 month of treatment,BOLD-fMRI was used to test signals of the activated brain areas of both group,and Aphasia Battery of the Chinese (ABC) was employed to evaluate the changes of speech ability of the patients.Results During the study,1 case from control group was unable to do the post-intervention evaluation due to onset of the second stroke.The effective rates of the control and experimental group were 55.56％ and 100.00％,respectively,and recovery of verbal ability in experimental group was significantly better than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The active volume and extent in brain were significantly increased in both groups (P ＜0.05),and a comparison between the two groups showed that the changes in activation volume and extent of the brain were significantly greater extensive in experimental group than in the control group,especially in bilateral frontal lobe,cuneus,posterior cingulate gyrus,lingual gyrus,occipital lobe,splenium of corpus callosum,cerebellar hemisphere,and the left precentral gyrus,post-central gyrus,paracentral lobule,temporal lobes,angular gyrus,precuneus,and the right hippocampus,parahippocampus gyrus.Conclusion Acupuncture combined with speech therapy could cause changes in activation patterns of the brain areas,which may contribute to the improvement of verbal ability of the aphasic patients.

Objective To develop a reliable and reproducible model of ischemic stroke .Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups:three-vessel occlusion (3VO, 15-min temporary occlusion of the bi-lateral common carotid arteries superimposed on a permanent occlusion of the right distal middle cerebral artery , n=20 ) , suture MCAO control ( n=20 ) , and sham-operated group ( n=10 ) .At 24 h functional outcome was as-sessed using corner test , cerebral ischemic lesion was determined by TTC staining ( n=10 ) , and then the surviral rate was measured till day 7 (n=10).Results The 3VO group got significantly lower neurological deficit score as compared to sham-operated group ( -0.7 vs -0.04 , P<0.01 ) .Infarct volume of mice in 3 VO group was 17.6%±1.6%, while 42.6%±15.0%in MCAO group ( n=10 ) .The 3 VO group got a significantly increased 7-day survival rate compared to suture MCAO group (90%vs 60%, n=10).Conclusions The present three-ves-sel occlusion model is stable and reliable for research on ischemic stroke .

Objective To discuss the characteristics of clinical features,diagnosis and therapy procedure of Anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid B (anti-GABAB)receptor encephalitis.Methods Procedure of clinical diagnosis and treatment in two patients with anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis were retrospected in Neurological Department of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital and the characteristics of anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis were analyzed with literature review.Results In both patients,the clinical manifestations were epileptic seizure,which was a focal seizure at first,seconded by generalized tonic clonic seizure,with frequent attacks or epilepticus state.Significant cognitive and memory impairments and psychological and behavioral abnormalities were observed during the course of the disease.Abnormal MRI signals were found in mesial temporal lobe,with normal electroencephalography.Antibody against anti-GABABreceptor was positive in both cerebrospinal fluid and blood,and immune regulation therapy was effective.Conclusions The patients present with epileptic seizures,seconded by cognitive and memory impairment,often accompanied by MR imagingrevealed mesial temporal lobe lesion.And positive anti-GABAB receptor antibody is major characteristics of anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis.The patients often combine small cell lung cancer,and Immune regulation therapy is effective.

Objective To observe the effect of different ultraviolet on HaCaT and offer experimental evidences for further studies of the pathogenesis of photodermatitis. Methods Using different dose of UVA and UVB to irradiate HaCaT cell line respectively. 12 hours later, the morphology of HaCaT cells was observed and the sum was calculated. Results The cell linkage was loose and the refraction was weak with some dead cells. The effect of large dosage of UVB was more obvious. Conclusions the effects on keratinocyte after UV exposure are different according to the dose of irradiation, which offers experimental evidences for the further study of the pathogenesis of photodermatitis.

Objective To discussed application effect of modified flowchart of preoperational articles in the operating room. Methods A group for the reconstructed flowchart was set up to look into the problems of traditional flowchart for articles preparation and then have the flowchart modified upon the found problems. The duration for article preparation and the flaw rate were compared between pre-and post-modification. Result The duration for preparation after modification was significantly shorter than that before modification and the flaw rate was significantly lower as well (P<0.001). Conclusion The modified flowchart for article preparation in the operation room can reduce the flaw rate and shorten the duration for article preparation, thus ensuring smooth operation.

The cognitive impairment of type 2 diabetes patients caused by long-term metabolic disorders has been the current focus of attention. In order to find the related electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics to the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of diabetes patients, this study analyses the EEG synchronization with the method of multichannel synchronization analysis--S estimator based on phase synchronization. The results showed that the S estimator values in each frequency band of diabetes patients with MCI were almost lower than that of control group. Especially, the S estimator values decreased significantly in the delta and alpha band, which indicated the EEG synchronization decrease. The MoCA scores and S value had a significant positive correlation in alpha band.
Cognitive Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; Cortical Synchronization ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that chitooligosaccharides have antitumor effect. However, the influence of chitooligosaccharides on cyclin D1, bcl-2 and bcl-xl remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the JnhJbJtJon effect of chitooligosaccharides on the proliferation of Hela cells, and the influence on cyclin D1, bcl-xl and bcl-2 mRNA expression.METHODS: Hela cells were stimulated by different concentrations of chitooligosaccharides (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 g/L). The effects of chitooligosaccharides on Hela cells were detected by CCK8 kit. Using real-time PCR methods, the gene expression of cyclin D1, bcl-xl and bcl-2 mRNA were determined.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitooligosaccharides inhibited the proliferation of Hela cells. With the concentrations of chitoolJgosaccharides increased from 0.1 g/L to 2 g/L, the inhibition effects on the gene expressJon of cyclin D1, bcl-xl and bcl-2 were enhanced, peaked at 2 g/L, and decreased at high concentration (5 g/L). Antitumor activity of chitooligosaccharides may exert through two aspects: it inhibits cyclin D1 mRNA expression to suppress the proliferation of tumor cells; on the other hand, chitooligosaccharides inhibits the expression of bcl-xl and bci-2 to promote the apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, the effects of the former are stronger than the latter.

Humans ; Liver Failure ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic