BACKGROUND:Currently, there is a lack of effective hip preserving therapy in patients with alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Artificial hip replacement is the only choice for the patients whose function of the hip joint is affected by the colapse of the femoral head in the late stage. Therefore, to understand the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head is of great significance for the effective hip preserving therapy in patients.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in apoptosis of bone cels in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head both at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the treatment of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head.
METHODS:PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved by the first author using computer to search relevant articles addressing the effect of apoptosis of bone cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. The keywords were “osteonecrosis of femoral head and apoptosis”, “bone cell, apoptosis, gene, signal” or “osteonecrosis, alcohol”in the title and the full text. Repetitive and old literatures were excluded, and finally 40 foreign language articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, the theory of apoptosis of bone cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head has been gradually recognized and has become the focus of research on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Apoptosis of bone cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Various genes, such as p53, Bcl-2 family, tumor necrosis factor, Caspase, are crucial to control the apoptosis of bone cells. Although we have made some progresses at the gene level, there is still a lack of relevant studies on alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head due to the complexity of pathogenesis.

Objective To observe and compare the effects of acupuncture and acupuncture plus speech therapy on activation of the brain areas in aphasic patients by use of oxygenation level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI).Methods Twenty patients with aphasia caused by stroke were randomized into two groups by use of random number table (10 cases in each group):an experimental group subject to acupuncture treatment combined with speech therapy,and a control group subject to speech therapy only.All the cases were dextromanuality.On admission and after 1 month of treatment,BOLD-fMRI was used to test signals of the activated brain areas of both group,and Aphasia Battery of the Chinese (ABC) was employed to evaluate the changes of speech ability of the patients.Results During the study,1 case from control group was unable to do the post-intervention evaluation due to onset of the second stroke.The effective rates of the control and experimental group were 55.56％ and 100.00％,respectively,and recovery of verbal ability in experimental group was significantly better than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The active volume and extent in brain were significantly increased in both groups (P ＜0.05),and a comparison between the two groups showed that the changes in activation volume and extent of the brain were significantly greater extensive in experimental group than in the control group,especially in bilateral frontal lobe,cuneus,posterior cingulate gyrus,lingual gyrus,occipital lobe,splenium of corpus callosum,cerebellar hemisphere,and the left precentral gyrus,post-central gyrus,paracentral lobule,temporal lobes,angular gyrus,precuneus,and the right hippocampus,parahippocampus gyrus.Conclusion Acupuncture combined with speech therapy could cause changes in activation patterns of the brain areas,which may contribute to the improvement of verbal ability of the aphasic patients.

Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of progressive decline of mental function. Recent years there is a large development in the early diagnosis and therapeutic progress in Alzheimer disease. The article reviews the progress in the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and new therapies in Alzheimers disease.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that chitooligosaccharides have antitumor effect. However, the influence of chitooligosaccharides on cyclin D1, bcl-2 and bcl-xl remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the JnhJbJtJon effect of chitooligosaccharides on the proliferation of Hela cells, and the influence on cyclin D1, bcl-xl and bcl-2 mRNA expression.METHODS: Hela cells were stimulated by different concentrations of chitooligosaccharides (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 g/L). The effects of chitooligosaccharides on Hela cells were detected by CCK8 kit. Using real-time PCR methods, the gene expression of cyclin D1, bcl-xl and bcl-2 mRNA were determined.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitooligosaccharides inhibited the proliferation of Hela cells. With the concentrations of chitoolJgosaccharides increased from 0.1 g/L to 2 g/L, the inhibition effects on the gene expressJon of cyclin D1, bcl-xl and bcl-2 were enhanced, peaked at 2 g/L, and decreased at high concentration (5 g/L). Antitumor activity of chitooligosaccharides may exert through two aspects: it inhibits cyclin D1 mRNA expression to suppress the proliferation of tumor cells; on the other hand, chitooligosaccharides inhibits the expression of bcl-xl and bci-2 to promote the apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, the effects of the former are stronger than the latter.

0.05),and there was significant difference in ICA,VP,RI,AT,and the levels of TXB_2 and 6-K-PGF_(1?) of the blood plasma(P

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that human cartilage glycoprotein-39 has a certain relationship to articular cartilage degeneration and repair, but the mechanism of action is not very clear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 on chondrogenesis of precartilaginous stem cels. METHODS: Precartilaginous stem cels were isolated from the adult articular cartilage. Cels which could express CD105 and CD166 were detected using flow cytometry folowed by isolation and purification. Isolated precartilaginous stem cels werecultured using monolayer method, and then, passage 2 cels were cultured in the medium containing human cartilage glycoprotein-39 and normal chondrogenic medium for 14 days, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe expression of type II colagen and gross observation was done for evaluation of cartilage formation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The precartilaginous stem cels isolated from the adult articular cartilage could express CD105 and CD166. After induction, differentiated precartilaginous stem cels gradualy gathered and formed nudes. The induced cels were positive for type II colagen; after induction by human cartilage glycoprotein-39, the nodules became larger and the expression of type II colagen was increased. These findings indicate that precartilaginous stem cels with chondrogenic ability can be isolated from the adult articular cartilage, and can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, in which human cartilage glycoprotein-39 plays an important role.

BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cells have good prospects for clinical application;especial y as seed cells, they are involved in construction of tissue engineered blood vessels and disease treatment. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biological characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells derived from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood. METHODS:Mononuclear cells from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood (n=9) and normal adult peripheral blood (n=8) were obtained and cultured in expanded medium. The immunophenotype of endothelial progenitor cells was investigated by FACS and immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of different cytokines. Proliferation and adhesion ability of endothelial progenitor cells were detected by MTT assay and adhesion assay. Moreover, the abilities of vasculogenesis in vitro and Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein uptake were detected. The acquired cells were seeded onto the basilar membrane gel containing vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to induce angiogenesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endothelial progenitor cells derived from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood were similar to those from normal adult peripheral blood in phenotype and morphology. FACSs and immunohistochemistry showed that endothelial progenitor cells were positive for endothelial cellmarkers, such as CD31, vWF, CD34, FLK-1, VE-Cadherin and CD133. In addition, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cel-derived factor 1 were significantly increased in G-CSF mobilized endothelial progenitor cells. Moreover, endothelial progenitor cells derived from two sources possessed the abilities of angiogenesis in vitro and Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein uptake. But, the number and the proliferation ability of endothelial progenitor cells derived from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood were better than that of endothelial progenitor cells derived from normal adult peripheral blood. These findings indicate that there is a population of cells with characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells in G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood. They possess the abilities of vasculogenesis in vitro. Moreover, compared to endothelial progenitor cells derived from normal adult peripheral blood, we could obtain more endothelial progenitor cells in G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood and those cells show better proliferation ability.

Objective To explore the short－term and long－term clinical efficacy of aspirin combined with ticagrelor in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) patients with non －revascularization, to assess the improvement of cardiac function.Methods A total of 114 ACS patients with non －revascularization in Dajiang Hospital of Hangzhou were selected .They were randomly divided into control group and study group by random number table method,with 57 patients in each group.The control group was given aspirin and clopidogrel conventional therapy.The study group was treated with aspirin and ticagrelor .The clinical efficacy was evaluated .The Grace scores of ACS before and after treatment were evaluated ,and the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase(CPK) were measured.The patients were followed up for 12 months,the incidence of primary and secondary end points and the occurrence of dyspnea were observed .Results The total effective rate of the study group was 87.72%(50/57),which was higher than 71.93%(41/57) of the control group,the difference was statis－tically significant(χ2＝10.65,P＜0.05).The incidence rates of primary end point and secondary end point of the study group were 12.28%(7/57) and 17.54%(10/57),respectively,which were lower than 21.05%(12/57) and 35.09%(20/57) of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(χ2＝9.82,10.13,all P＜0.05). The incidence rate of dyspnea of the study group was 24.56%(14/157),which was higher than 3.51%(2/57) of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝10.96,P＜0.05).The Grace score of the study group was (80.23 ±7.89)points,which was lower than (85.58 ±8.14) points of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t＝9.38,P＜0.05).The levels of LDH and CPK of the study group were (217.06 ±44.34)U/L and (167.52 ±37.41)U/L,respectively,which were lower than (261.58 ±43.10)U/L and (225.48 ±38.26)U/L of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t＝10.06,10.29,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Aspi－rin combined with ticagrelor for ACS patients with non －revascularization can effectively inhibit platelet aggregation , the clinical efficacy is significant ,the incidence of primary and secondary end points of patients with ACS was signifi －cantly reduced,the prognosis is good .While dyspnea rate increased ,but does not affect the treatment of patients .

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that ethanol can promote adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and up-regulate the expression of PPARγ and aP2 in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) signaling pathway. As a member of the ZIP protein family, Zrt/Irt-like protein 1 (ZIP1) is closely related to bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of BMSCs transfected by ZIP1 on TNF-α signaling pathway in the process of adipogenic differentiation.METHODS:The BMSCs from rabbits were isolated and cultured under different concentrations of alcohol (0.03, 0.09,0.15, 0.21 mol/L), followed by transfection by ZIP1 siRNA and ZIP1 expression vector.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After culture in alcohol, the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ proteins were both significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the level of triglyceride was increased in all alcohol groups except for 0.03 mol/L alcohol group (P < 0.05). After siRNA transfection, the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ as well as the level of triglyceride were increased significantly in all the alcohol groups (P < 0.05); however, ZIP1 transfection decreased the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ proteins (P < 0.05). To conclude, ZIP1 siRNA could promote the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the activation of TNF-α signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty in China, the complications caused by the mismatch of prosthesis with anatomical parameters arouse extensive attentions.OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical parameters of the knee joints in healthy Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, thus providing reference for the design and placement of the hip prosthesis.METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals, including 30 females and 38 males, were selected from 217 healthy people undergoing CT examination. All data were imported into Mimics 15.0 software used for 3D reconstruction, and then the knee parameters were then measured and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the parameters of the bilateral femur and tibia (P > 0.05). The femoral parameters had significant differences between genders (P < 0.05). The width of tibial platform, sagittal length of lateral tibial platform, distance between medial tibial plateau and fibular head, and posterior slope of tibial plateau showed no significant differences between genders (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences in the width of medial/lateral tibial platform, and sagittal length of medial tibial platform between genders (P < 0.05). The sagittal length of medial femoral condyle was negatively correlated with age, and all femoral parameters were positively correlated with height; while only the width of medial and lateral tibial platform were positively correlated with height. To conclude, 3D reconstruction technology is available for research on the morphology of the knee joint in the Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which provides references for prosthesis design and research appropriate for the Zhuang ethnic group.