Objective To explore clinical features and misdiagnosis reasons in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy,lactic acidosis,and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome.Methods The results of clinical data,brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and the course of diagnosis were analyzed in 6 patients with MELAS.Results (1) Clinical features:headache and vomiting were the starting symptoms in 4 of 6 cases,and developmental delay was initial symptoms in 2 of 6 cases.Marasmus occurred in 6 cases,seizure in 5 cases,fever in 3 cases,and hirsutism and visual impairment in 2 cases.(2) Experimental results:blood lactic acid was higher in 6 (4.28 ～ 10.3 mmol/L).(3) Brain MRI:6 patients had abnormal signals in parietal,occipital,temporal lobe,which were not in accordance with vascular distribution.(4) Molecular genetics:All the 6 patients had A3243G gene mutation.(5) Three patients were misdiagnosed for viral encephalitis,and 2 developmental retardation.Conclusions MELAS is characterized with developmental retardation,and repeated encephalitis attack.It is also misdiagnosed because of its variety of clinical features.If patients have high level of lactic acid and multiple MRI signal abnormalities of brain which are not in accordance with vascular distribution,MELAS should be suspected of.Genetic examination and muscle biopsy are especially important in the diagnosis of MELAS.

Objective To determine the content of indirubin in Kangbingan Oral Liquid by UV spectrophotometer methods.Methods The content of indirubin was determined by Heltos Gamma ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer with chloroformic solution of 2～8 ?g/mL confected by standard sample of indigotin and indirubin.The sample of negative blank solution was confected by the prescription without Radix Isatidis.The standard sample and the blank sample were determined separately with the wavelength at 500～700 nm.Results Indirubin had the maximum absorption at wavelength of 540.0 nm and indigotin had the maximum absorption at wavelength of 634.5 nm.The linear correlation was available at the range of 0.20～1.40 ?g/mL,and the correct coefficient was 0.999 4.The average recovery rate was 99.05% and RSD was 0.87%(n=6).Conclusion This method is simple and accurate,and can be used to control the quality of Kangbingan Oral Liquid.

Stromal preadipocytes from human omental adipose tissues were isolated with enzyme-digesting method,and cultured for inducing differentiation.Preadipocyte factor-1 was abundant during preadipoeyte stage,whereas lipoprotein lipase and PPARγ2 mRNA were rapidly up-regulated at early stage of differentiation and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein expression was increased rather late.In addition,resistin expression and secretion was primarily detectable in preadipocytes,leptin was gradually increased during adipogenesis,whereas adiponectin appeared specifically in mature adipocytes.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ secretion was remarkably detected in both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes.

Objective To study the expression of transcription factor special protein 1(Sp1) in colorectal cancer tissues and the relationship with the biological behavior .Methods The Sp1 mRNA expressions of 60 colon cancer tissues and their corresponding normal tissues were detected by real-time PCR ,and the level of target gene was calculated by ΔΔCT method .The relationships be-tween the expression of Sp1 mRNA and the different clinical features and pathological characters were determined .Results Com-pared with the matched normal tissues ,Sp1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the colon cancer tissues(P<0 .01) .Sp1 mRNA positive expression rate in colon cancer tissues had no significant different with sex ,age and tumors area(P>0 .05) ,but had signifi-cant different with histological grade ,Duke′s stages and lymph node metastasis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sp1 plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development in colon cancer .

Objective To investigate the relationship between extent of hepatic fibrosis and serum thyroid hormone levels in pa-tients with liver cirrhosis .Methods Chemiluminescence immunoassay technology was adopted to detect serum hyaluronic acid (HA),laminin(LN),collagen type Ⅳ (CIV),procollagen type Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ ),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),triiodothyronine (T3) ,thyroxine(T4) ,free thyroxin 3(FT3) and FT4 of 240 patients with liver fibrosis (liver fibrosis group) and 80 healthy people (control group) .Results In the control group ,serum HA ,LN ,CIV ,PCⅢ levels of healthy people in ≥45-year group were signifi-cantly higher than those in <45-year group ,and those in male group were obviously higher than female(P<0 .05) .Serum TSH , T3 ,T4 ,FT3 ,FT4 levels of healthy people in male group were significantly lower than female (P<0 .05) .With the increase of grade in Child-Pugh classification ,serum levels of hepatic fibrosis indexes of patients with liver fibrosis increased markedly (P<0 .05) , while their thyroid hormone levels significantly decreased (P<0 .05) ,especially in T3 and FT3 .Serum HA ,LN ,CIV ,PCⅢ levels of patients with A ,B or C grade were markedly higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) ,and serum T3 ,T4 ,FT3 ,FT4 levels of patients with B or C grade were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The extent of liver fibrosis is correlated to serum thyroid hormone levels .

Objective To explore the reliability of the modified Penn spasm frequency scale (MPSFS),the spinal cord assessment tool for spasticity (SCATS),the spinal cord injury spasticity evaluation tool (SCI-SET) and visual analogue scales (VASs) and their inter-correlation so as the provide evidence for clinical application.Methods The spasticity of thirty-five patients with spinal cord injury was assessed by 2 raters using the 4 scales with an interval of half an hour between assessments.Three days later,all of the subjects were again evaluated by one of the 2 raters in the same environment.The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC),standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference (MDD95) were calculated,and the correlations among the 4 scales were analyzed.Results The test-retest ICC for the MPSFS was 0.94 and the inter-rater reliability ICC was 0.90.For the SCATS they were 0.948 and 0.939 respectively.,For the VAS they were 0.962 and 0.974,and for the SCI-SET they were 0.969 and 0.989.There was significant inter-correlation among all four scales,with negative correlation between the SCI-SET and the others.The observed correlations were all of medium strength (r=-0.421 to-0.5),except for a high correlation between the SCI-SET and VAS results (r=0.55 to 0.94).Conclusion The MPSFS,SCATS,VAS and SCI-SET are all reliable tools for evaluating spasticity among people with spinal cord injury.All can be applied in clinical practice.

Objective To study the expression of transcription factor Sp1 and CEA and the correlation between the two tran‐scription factors in colorectal cancer .Methods To detect expression Sp1 and CEA mRNA by Real‐Time PCR in 60 colon cancer tis‐sues and corresponding normal tissues and the results were compared with the clinical features and pathological characters .The re‐lationship between the expression of Sp1 mRNA and CEA mRNA in 60 colon cancer tissues was determined .Results The expres‐sion rates of Sp1 and CEA mRNA was detectable to highly expressed rates in colon cancer tissues than the matched normal tissues (P<0 .01) .There was no significant correlation between Sp1 and CEA mRNA expression in age ,sex ,tumor location(P>0 .05) . Sp1 and CEA mRNA was detectable to highly expressed in the different histological grade and Dukes stages .In addition ,a positive correlation was found between the expression of Sp1 mRNA and CEA mRNA(r=0 .706 ,P<0 .01) ,(0< r<1) .Conclusion Sp1 and CEA was detectable to highly expressed in colon cancer .Positively correlation occurred in Sp1 mRNA and CEA mRNA indica‐ted that Sp1 and CEA provide the new clues of genetic diagnosis and treatment .

Objective To analyze the clinical risk factors of type 2 diabetes complicated with cerebral infarction .Methods 508 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected and divided into two groups :group A (complicated with cerebral infarction ,n=240) and group B (without cerebral infarction ,n=268) .The basic clinical information of two groups were recorded .The coagulation indica‐tors and biochemical indicators (including blood glucose ,blood lipid ,HbA1c ,blood β2 microglobulin ,urineβ2 microglobulin ,urine microalbuminuria ,fasting insulin ,fasting C peptide etc) were detected respectively .Results There were significant differences in age ,age at onset of diabetes ,duration of hypertension and systolic blood pressure between group A and group B (P<0 .05) .The in‐cidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in group A were higher than group B (P<0 .05) .Comparing with group B ,the levels of HbA1c ,ApoB ,fasting insulin ,fasting C‐peptide ,lipoprotein (a) ,Hcy ,blood β2 microglobulin ,urineβ2 microglobulin ,and urine microalbuminuria of group A were significantly different (P<0 .05) .The ATⅢ level of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The risk factors of type 2 diabetes complicated with cerebral infarction include age ,hyper‐tension ,HbA1c ,ApoB ,fasting insulin ,fasting C‐peptide ,lipoprotein (a) ,Hcy ,etc make diabetics be more prone to cerebral infarc‐tion ect .

Objective To study the expression of transcription factor miR‐200b and CEA and the correlation between the two transcription factors in the process of occurrence and development of colorectal cancer .Methods Expression miR‐200b and CEA mRNA by real‐time PCR in 60 colon cancer tissues and corresponding normal tissues were detected and the results were compared with the clinical features and pathological characters .The relationship between the mRNA expression of miR‐200b and CEA in 60 colon cancer tissues was determined .Results The expression rate of CEA mRNA was detectable to highly expressed rates in colon cancer tissues than that in matched normal tissues (P<0 .01) ,whereas miR‐200b mRNA in the colon cancer tissues was signifi‐cantly lower than that in the matched normal tissues(P<0 .01) .There was no significant correlation between miR‐200b ,CEA mR‐NA expression and age ,sex ,tumor location(P>0 .05) .Loss expression or down regulation expression of miR‐200b mRNA was de‐tected ,whereas CEA mRNA was detectable to highly expressed in the different histological grade and Dukes stages .The expression of miR‐200b mRNA and CEA mRNA were positively correlated with the histological grade in colon cancer .A significant correlation was found between the expression of miR‐200b mRNA and CEA mRNA (r= -0 .790 ,P<0 .001) .Conclusion Loss or down regu‐lation expression of miR‐200b mRNA ,whereas CEA is detectable to highly expressed in colon cancer .Negative correlation occurred in miR‐200b mRNA and CEA mRNA indicates that miR‐200b and CEA provide the new clues of genetic diagnosis and treatment .

Aim To investigate the role of locus coeruleus(LC)-norepinephrinergic system and sympathetic nervous system in immunosuppression under cold stress, using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) as chemical sympathectomy.Methods Rats were maintained in cold chamber at 4℃ for 4 h.The 51Cr release assay from YAC-1 cells was used to determine the splenic NK cell activity, the double staining of ABC method was employed to observe the immunoreactive expression of Fos, arginine-vasopressin(AVP), oxytocin(OT) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), and conventional radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations.Results Central sympathectomy with intracerebroventricular(i.c.v.) injection of 6-OHDA r educed significantly the elevation of plasma corticosterone level, the expressio n of Fos in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and in locus coeruleus(LC ), as well as the suppression of NK activity induced by cold stress at 4℃ for 4 h. Peripheral sympathectomy with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 6-OHDA al so reversed the cold stress-induced suppression of NK cytotoxicity, but without significant effect on Fos expression in brain. Double staining showed that amon g the Fos-positive neurons in PVN only a few co-expressed Fos and AVP or Fos a nd OT, while in LC the majority of Fos-positive neurons co-expressed Fos and T H.Conclusion The mechanism of suppression of NK activity induce d by cold stress may be mediated through HPA axis activated partially by central LC-norepinephrinergic system and through the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.