Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes of the sympathetic nervous system activity and the peripheral cellular immunodepression after cerebral infarction.Methods An adult male Sprague-Dawley rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)was induced.A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,interferon-γ (INF-γ)and anti-inflamatory cytokines IL-10.A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum metanephrine(MN)and normetanephrine(NMN).After blocking sympathetic activity by injecting β -blocker propranolol intraperitoneally,the sympathetic activity and the levels of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines were detected.Results The levels of serum MN and NMN at 6 hours after MCAO began to increase in the cerebral infarction group compared with the sham operation group.They reached the peak at 72 hours,and then decreased slowly.However,they were still higher than those in the sham operation group 2 weeks after MCAO(P ＜ 0.01 ).At 72 hours after MCAO,the levels of MN and NMN in the propranolol intervention group were decreased significantly(P ＜0.01 ),the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and INF-γwere increased significantly(P ＜0.01 ),and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were decreased significantly(P ＜0.01).Conclusions When sympathetic nervous system is overactivated after cerebral infarction in rats,the peripheral cellular immunity is in a state of depression;the peripheral immunodepression will be fundamentally reversed after blocking the sympathetic function,and this suggests that the overactivation of sympathetic nervous system may play a important role in the process of immunodepression after cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes of peripheral cellular immune function and the spleen weight index and the spleen histopathological changes following cerebral ischemiareperfusion in rats.Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) of adult male rats was induced.The peripheral blood cytokine levels,spleen weight index and the spleen histopathological changes were evaluated.Results The serum proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) -1β and interferon (INF) -γ levels in rats increased at 6 and 12 hours respectively after modeling.They began to decrease at 24 hours and decreased to the lowest at 72 hours.Compared to the sham operation group,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01 );on the contrary,the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level decreased at 6 hours after modeling It began to increase at 12 hours and reached the peak at 72 hours.Compared to the sham operation group,there were significant differences (P＜0.01).The spleen weight index in a MCAO group decreased significantly at 6 hours after modeling(P＜0.01) and it began to increase at 12 hours,but it was still lower than that in the sham operation group (P＜0.01),and then it decreased gradually and decreased to the lowest at 72 hours (P＜0.01).HE staining showed that the spleen germinal centers of rats reduced significantly at 72 hours after MCAO and the contours did not show very clear.The correlation analysis showed that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 β(r =0.304,P =0.002) and INF-γ (r =0.644,P =0.000) levels were positive correlated with the spleen weight index,and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level was negatively correlated with the spleen weight index (r =0.492,P =0.000).Conclusions The rat peripheral cellular immune function after MCAO was in an inhibitory state.The changes of spleen may play an important role in the process of immunosuppression after stroke.

Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor with high malignancy and lethality.The specific potential radiolabeled nanoparticles have been applied in the glioma research for non-invasive,dynamic,real-time and quantitative evaluation.Furthermore,radiolabeled nanoparticles have shown great potential in targeted therapy of glioma.The up-to-date application of radiolabeled nanoparticles in SPECT imaging,PET imaging,multimodality imaging and theranostics in glioma are reviewed in this article.

Objective To study the association between the CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and Graves disease.Methods A total of 120 unrelated patients with Graves disease southern Han nationality of China were recruited from clinics in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2001 to 2003.Ethnically matched 123 control subjects with no history of autoimmune disease were from Guangdong.We investigated the polymorphism of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene on chromosome 2q33.1 microsatellite markers of CTLA4 were chosen,this was done by PCR amplification of marker sequences using fluorescently labeled primers and subsequent analysis of the PCR products on ABI prism 377.Results Twenty alleles were observed in the population,with sizes ranging from 84 to 144 bp.There was no significant difference when compared with controls in the distribution of the genotypes(?2=21.428,P=0.208).This investigation indicated that the gene of CTLA4 was not susceptible gene for Graves disease.Conclusion This study suggests that CTLA4 gene may not be susceptible gene to Graves disease for the Chinese southern Han population.

Objective: The potential biological targets for anti-lung adenocarcinoma of Solanum nigrum were scored using the weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Methods: A database of chemical components of S. nigrum was established through oral bioavailability (OB), drug-likeness (DL) based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and literature retrieval. The targets of active ingredients of S. nigrum were predicted based on reverse docking with DRAR-CPI server, and combined with WGCNA to mine GSE10072 dataset in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain coexpression gene module. Furthermore, the potential anti-lung adenocarcinoma targets of S. nigrum were confirmed under intersected with predicted targets and coexpression genes. The GO terms of biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of predicted targets and anti-lung adenocarcinoma targets were performed by Metascape database, respectively. Using the targets-pathways networks to study the mechanisms of S. nigrum in the fight against cancer. The transcriptional level expression of key String database combined with Cytoscape software to draw the proteins-proteins interactions (PPI), and active ingredients-targets-pathways networks to study the mechanisms of S. nigrum in the fight against cancer. The transcriptional level expression of key genes in lung adenocarcinoma cancer tissues and normal lung tissues was assessed based on UALCAN dataset. And the correlation between key genes and prognosis of lung cancer patients was calculated by KM plotter analysis. Results: This study collected nine active components of S. nigrum, including medioresinol, sitosterol, diosgenin, solanocapsine, quercetin, α-chaconine, solasonin, solamargine, and solasodine. Totally 271 targets were predicted, and 41 potential anticancer targets were confirmed. The potential regulatory pathways included pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, chemical carcinogenesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer and so on. From the PPI network, we found that hub genes EGFR, CASP8, HPGDS, FYN, and high expression of EGFR and CASP8 were related to the poor overall survival in patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncontrary, lower expression of HPGDS and FYN were also associated with poor overall survival. Conclusion: This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway features of S. nigrum, and provides a scientific basis for anticancer substance and elucidating the mechanisms of action of S. nigrum, as well as a reference for the study of mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of formula R0, R1, R2 of ECToolbox software in measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with gated myocardial imaging. Methods Rest gated myocardial SPECT with ~(99m)Tc-MIBI and rest gated blood-pool SPECT with ~(99m)Tc-RBC were performed on 64 patients (44 with CHD, 20 with hypertension). LVEFs were separately calculated with formula R0, R1, R2 of ECToolbox software, and the results were recorded as R0 LVEF, R1 LVEF and R2 LVEF, respectively, and compared with LVEFs from gated blood-pool imaging (GBPI LVEF). Results The LVEFs from formula R0, R1 and R2 were all significantly correlated with GBPI LVEF (r=0.905, 0.905 and 0.903, P<0.05, respectively). The accuracy within ±15% deviation from the GBPI LVEF was 54.30%, 71.40% and 22.90%, and within ±30% was 81.40%, 88.60%,74.30%, respectively. The differences among R0 LVEF, R2 LVEF and GBPI LVEF were statistically significant (P<0.05), while between R1 LVEF and GBPI LVEF was not (P>0.05). Conclusion The formula R1 of ECToolbox software is most applicable in measuring LVEF with gated myocardial imaging.

Objective To develop a questionnaire which measures the nurses' perception on humanistic management of hospital.Methods By means of literature analysis and interviewing with nurses,the perception of hospital's humanistic management questionnaire for nurses was developed and used to assess the perception of 360 nurses.Such methods as correlation analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to screen and test the questionnaire entries.Results The correlation coefficient between each item and total score was 0.523 ～0.792.The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the perception of hospital's humanistic management questionnaire for nurses was composed of five principal components,the five principal components could explain 66.997％ of the total variance.The indexes of CFA was CFI=0.983,NFI =0.925,RFI=0.907,IFI=0.983,TLI=0.979.Cronbach' α of the total scale was 0.977.Reliability of each subscales was above 0.860.Correlation coefficient between subscales and total scale ranged from 0.777 to 0.929,and that of among subscales ranged from 0.303 to 0.525.Conclusions Reliability and validity of the questionnaire on the perception of hospital's humanistic management for nurses are both satisfactory enough to meet the evaluation of hospital's humanistic management implementation.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnostic value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with kidney neoplasms.Methods Seventy-nine patients (52 males,27 females,average age (57.3 ± 14.1) years),who had definitive diagnosis of kidney neoplasms by 18F-FDG PET/CT and pathological or clinical comprehensive diagnosis in recent five years,were analyzed retrospectively.The diagnosis by PET/CT was made according to the changes of kidney shape,tumor density and FDG uptake (SUVmax).The diagnostic efficacy was calculated.Results Among the 79 patients,70 cases were finally diagnosed as malignant tumors (including 40 cases of renal cell carcinoma,5 cases of renal pelvis carcinoma,8 cases of lymphoma,16 cases of metastatic tumor,and 1 case of renal fascia capsule liposarcoma) and 9 cases of benign tumors (including 7 cases of angiomyolipomas,1 case of renal acidophilic cell adenoma,1 case of metanephric adenoma; the benign tumors did not contain small lipid sample hamartoma cases).The detective rate of kidney neoplasms with 18F-FDG PET/CT was 97.5％ (77/79).For the identification of benign and malignant lesions,the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 92.9％ (65/70),specificity was 7/9,accuracy was 91.1％ (72/79),positive predictive value was 97.0％ (65/67),and negative predictive value was 58.3 ％ (7/12).Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT can detect and identify most of kidney tumors.Whole-body checking and comprehensive evaluation on kidney cancer patients are still the main advantages of PET/CT.

Objective To determine the current prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult residents in Chinese developed areas.Methods The clinical data of 6614 adult residents,including 4051 women,from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces from China Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study (2007-2008) were analyzed.Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were calculated according to the criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS),US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (ATP Ⅲ),International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS),respectively.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of MS.Results Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were 17.88％ (CDS),28.50％ (ATP Ⅲ),21.99％ (IDF) and 31.50％ (JIS),respectively.The prevalences of residents with at least one metabolic abnormality were 67.86％ (CDS) 79.56％ (ATP Ⅲ),79.62％ (IDF) and 80.74％ (JIS),respectively.MS was more common in female than in male by the ATPⅢ and IDF criterion (ATPⅢ:30.63％ vs 26.45％,P ＜0.01 ; IDF:26.04％ vs 17.91％,P ＜ 0.01),while the prevalence was higher in male by CDS criteria (15.94％ vs 19.87％,P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the MS prevalence between the rural and the urban residents.Kappa test showed ATP Ⅲ and JIS criteria were most homogenous (κ =0.95,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors for MS by the logistic regression model were male,older age,lower degree of education,family history of hypertension and obesity,drinker as well as uncontrolled diet.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is high in the adult residents of Chinese developed areas (Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces),whatever diagnostic criterion was used.Effective measures should be taken to control the modifiable MS risk factors.

Objective To evaluate skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as healthy children from two communities in Shanghai and to assess the relationship between skin barrier function and AD severity.Methods Totally,169 children with AD and 142 healthy children aged 3-12 years were recruited from two communities (Changning Xining community and Jiading Juyuan community) in Shanghai,China.Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration were measured in normal appearing nonlesional skin at four body sites (dorsal and volar forearm,cheek and anterior shin) of the patients,as well as in normal skin at the same sites of the controls.AD severity was evaluated by using the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index.Results Compared with the healthy children,the patients with AD showed higher TEWL value at all of the four body sites (all P ＜ 0.05),but lower water content in stratum corneum at dorsal forearm and anterior shin (both P ＜ 0.05).In patients with AD,the SCORAD index was positively correlated with mean TEWL value,but negatively correlated with the mean water content in stratum corneum.Conclusion Skin barrier function may serve as an index for evaluating the severity of AD.