A method was developed for the determination of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) from mono- to hepta-brominated in coastal sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with a solution of dichloromethane: n-hexane( 1:1,V/V) ,followed by ultrasonic extraction for 60 min at 25℃. The clean-up step was optimized using silica gel and alumina. The detection limit of the method was in the range of 0.003 - 0.10μg/kg. The results indicate that the average recovery of the internal standard was from 66.2% to 118. 6%. The relative standard deviation RSD( % ) was from 0. 8 % to 18. 2%. The method for the detection of 39 PBDE congeners in coastal sediment was sensitive,high reproducible with satisfactory recoveries.

OBJECTIVE:To reduce and prevent the incidence of complaint events in outpatient dispensary.METHODS:The causes of patients' complaints were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The complaint events mainly induced by the absence of rules and regulations for pharmacists,lack of related information and professional knowledge,unsoundness of internal management,patients' enhancement in self-protection consciousness as well medical knowledge.The countermeasures available include the following:strictly following rules and regulations and operating instruction,reinforcing legal consciousness and self-protection consciousness,shifting one's ideas and concepts,strengthen-ing service consciousness etc.

In recent years, the potential impairments of water contamination on human health have become a worldwide concern, especially the chronic impairments of organic pollutants in water on human body. The present article reviewed the important epidemiological and toxicological research achievements on the relationship between water contamination and gastric cancer in recent years internal and external, and pointed out the research directions in future.

0.05). Conclusion Keloid mainly contains collagens of types Ⅰand Ⅲ, which is different in arrangement and content of collagens from that in scar. Compared with immunohistochemical technique, sirus red staining and polarization microscopy is a ideal method in analysis of the collagen formation and its content in human keloid.

Objective To examine the difficulty and discrimination of academic skill diagnostic test(ASDT).Methods About 1000 primary school students were administered the ASDT,and data were analysed by SPSS11.0 program.Results The difficulty of sub-tests ranged from 0.49～0.78(low edition),0.52～0.86(high edition);while the discrimination of sub-tests ranged from 0.31～0.55(low edition),0.21～0.56(high edition).The coefficients for test-retest and the whole test ranged from 0.36～0.61(low edition),0.39～0.60(high edition).Conclusion ASDT developed in the present study attains acceptable psychometric properties.

Objective:To explore the establishment and evaluation method of recurrent infection model of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).Methods:To determine the optimal duration of the ultraviolet light irradiation, 12 healthy BALB/c mice were randomized into 3 minutes group, 2 minutes and 45 seconds group, and 2 minutes and 30 seconds group based on the duration of the ultraviolet light irradiation according to random number table method, with 4 mice in each group.Another 72 healthy BALB/c mice were randomized into blank control group, model group and recurrence group according to random number table method, with 24 mice in each group.The 72 mice were scratched a # symbol on their right corneas with scalpel.Then the eyes in the blank control group were treated with 5 μl of normal saline solution, while the eyes in the model group and recurrence group were treated with 5 μl of herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) suspension.All the 72 mice were not intraperitoneally injected with HSV-1 xenogeneic serum antibody.Five weeks after the initial infection, the mice in the recurrence group were irradiated at ultraviolet B-302 nm for the optimal duration.The feasibility of establishing HSK recurrence model induced by this method was evaluated by the score of ocular surface symptoms, and the cytopathic effect (CPE) lesion analysis of Vero cells cultured in corneal wiping fluid from the mice in the model group and recurrence group.The use and care of the animals complied with the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.PZSHUTCM190222039).Results:The optimal duration of the ultraviolet light irradiation was 2 minutes and 45 seconds.Within one week, HSK syndromes appeared in the mice injected with HSV-1 virus in the model group and recurrence group, and then gradually disappeared after one week.Before inducing recurrence, slit lamp examination was performed, and there was no spontaneous recurrence of HSK in the model group and recurrence group.The mice in the recurrence group relapsed within one week after ultraviolet light irradiation.The symptom scores of ocular surface lesions in the blank control group, model group and recurrence group were 0.333±0.471, 1.500±0.764 and 2.667±0.943 at one day after ultraviolet light irradiation, 0.000±0.000, 0.833±0.373 and 5.167±2.267 at three days after ultraviolet light irradiation, and 0.167±0.373, 1.000±0.577 and 3.000±1.155 at seven days after ultraviolet light irradiation, respectively.The symptom score of ocular surface lesions was higher in the recurrence group than the blank group and the model group at three days after ultraviolet light irradiation, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Morphological changes such as floating and gathering were found in the Vero cells after being cultured in corneal wiping fluid.The positive rate of CPE lesion was 71% (17/24) in the recurrence group, which was significantly higher than 8% (2/24) in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Combining the two indicators, the success rate of recurrence in established models could reach 71%. Conclusions:Ultraviolet light irradiation can successfully induce the recurrence of viral keratitis in HSK mice without injection of neutralizing serum antibody.

Objective:To study the expression of DcR3 of myocardial tissue in diabetic mouse and normal rats and the impact of DcR3 recombinant protein to the expression of related molecules and myocardial cell apoptosis to discuss the action of DcR3 to myocardial cell apoptosis in Diabetic rats.Methods:Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin one time to establish the model of Diabetic rats.Injected different doses of DcR3 recombinant protein to tail vein[1.2 mg/(rat? d),0.8 mg/(rat? d),0.4 mg/(rat? d)] 40 d. The expression of DcR3 mRNA, Fas mRNA and FasL mRNA of myocardial tissue was detected with RT-PCR;the expression of apoptosis related molecules Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 was analyzed with Western blot;the IL-1β, TNF-αand LFN-γof the blood was detected with double antibody sandwich ELISA;the percentage of myocardial cell apoptosis was observed with HE dyeing.Results:To compare the DcR3 treatment group with diabetic group,the expression DcR3 of myocardial tissue was high,the expression of Fas mRNA and FasL mRNA was descended.The Caspase-8 protein was ascended and the Bcl-2 protein was descended.The middle dose group was the most obvious.the IL-1β,TNF-αand IFN-γin the blood was descended differently in each DcR3 treatment group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The percentage of myocardial cell apoptosis was declined(P<0.05).Conclusion:DcR3 recombinant protein have the action of inhibiting the rats′myocardial cell apoptosis,the mechanism is related to competing with Fas,blocking-up FasL of inducing apoptosis, expressing DcR3 of myocardial cell,the descending of apoptosis related factors Caspase-8,the ascending of Bcl-2 and the reduction of cytokine levels.

Objective To investigate the values of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ,carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and ferritin (SF) determination in assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer .Methods Wedetermined the concentrations of serum VEGF ,CEA ,CA19-9 and SF for 85 patients with advanced gastric cancer ,before and after 1 cycles of chemotherapy and evaluated the the effect of chemotherapy after 2 cycle of chemotherapy .Results In effective group ,serum concentrations of VEGF ,CEA ,CA19-9 and SF significantly decreased after chem-otherapy cycle(P< 0 .05) ,serum VEGF and CEA concentrations significantly increased in progress group (P< 0 .05) ,serum VEGF ,CEA ,CA19-9 and SF concentrations in stable group and serum CA19-9 and SF concentrations in progress group did not change significantly(P> 0 .05) ,compared with those before chemotherapy cycle .Multiple regression analysis showed that serum CEA ,VEGF ,CA19-9 concentration changes correlated with chemotherapy efficiency ,while serum SF didn′t(t=1 .58 ,P=0 .119) . Conclusion Serum CEA ,VEGF ,CA19-9 concentration changes associated with gastric cancer chemotherapy efficiency ,which help predict the efficiency of chemotherapy .

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic feature, classification, benign or malignant histological features and differential diagnosis of extra-adrenal paraganglioma.Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 21 cases of extra-adrenal (sympathetic and parasympathetic) paraganglioma. Histological, immunohistochemical findings, and follow-up data were reported with review of the relative literatures.Results There were 10 male and 11 female patients aged from 9 to 81 years (mean 46.5 years).Ten tumors occurred in the retroperitoneum, seven in the neck, and one case in the mediastinum, urinary bladder, spermatic cord and kidney, respectively.There were 3 cases of functional and 18 cases of non-functional paragangliomas.Histologically, the tumor was composed of chief cells and sustentacular cells. The chief cells were arranged in nests, alveolAR~-like and stereo-like structures.They were surrounded by sustentacular cells partly or completely.There was one malignant case, in which tumor cells had significant cell atypia and nuclear mitosis, and focal or diffuse necrosis, regional lymph node metastasis and blood vessel involvement were also observed.Immunohistochemical investigations revealed chief cells were intensely positive for neuroendocrine markers such as NSE, CgA, Syn and NF, but negative for CK, EMA and SMA.Sustentacular cells were positive for S-100 protein.The malignant cells were only positive for NSE and weakly positive for CgA.Eighteen cases were followed up.One patient developed to multi-organ metastasis and died.One patient was diagnosed as benign extra-adrenal paraganglioma that recurred and involved adjacent organs after 3 years.Conclusions It is generally considered that malignant potential, local invasiveness and distant metastasis are not correlated with the histological appearances of the extra-adrenal paraganglioma.So,further follow-up will be needed. It is necessary to emphasize the differential diagnoses of extra-adrenal paraganglioma from other pleiomorphic tumors.

BACKGROUND: Neuron-specific enolase, γtype isoenzyme that is specially present in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, is considered as a sensitive predictor for neuronal damage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with transient brain ischemic attack, so as to explore its relationship with the degree of neuronal damage.DESIGN: Case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Jinan No. 4 People's Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 29 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Jinan No. 4 People's Hospital, due to transient brain ischemic attack (all called for emergent medical treatment within the onset of 6 hours) between March 2002 and May 2004 were enrolled in this study. There were 18 males and 11 females with the average age of(60.36t11.67) years. According to the duration of neural functional deficits, all subjects were divided into two groups, namely, transient-symptom group (≤ 6 hours) of 19 cases and lasting-symptom group (＞ 6 hours)of 10 cases. At the same time, 25 healthy controls, 15 males and 10 females with the average age of (62.34±9.65) years, rere selected from those who came for routine health examination.METHODS: Fasting elbow venous blood of 1 mL was collected only once from the subjects in control group; the same amount of blood was collected from the patients in transient ischemic attack group immediately after hospitalization, and at days 2, 3, 4 and 5. Roche Elecsys 2010 automatic analyzer was used to detect serum neuron-specific enolase. Neuronal damage was assessed with neurological deficit scale (defined as practical recovery if scores were reduced by 90%-100%; remarkable improvement if scores were reduced by 46%-89%; improvement if scores were reduced by 18%-45%; ineffective if scores were reduced by less than 17% or even the disease aggravated).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The daily changes of serum neuronspecific enolase.RESULTS: All the54 subjects remained in the final result analysis. [1]Comparison of neuron-specific enolase density: It was significantly higher in transient brain ischemic attack group than in control group [(23.53±12.35) vs(14.29±6.83) μg/L, t=2.678, P ＜ 0.01]. [2] Curve of neuron-specific enolase changes during the acute stage: It began to increase at the early stage,reached the peak level on the next day, and gradually declined to the normal level in 4-5 days. [3] The level of serum neuron-specific enolase in the two groups with various durations of neurological deficit symptoms: It was obviously higher in transient-symptom group than in control group [(19.24±8.95)vs (14.29±6.83) μg/L, t=1.893, P ＜ 0.05], and higher in lasting-symptom group than in control group [(28.87±13.15) vs (14.29±6.83) μg/L, t=4.367,P ＜ 0.001]. [4] The level of neuron-specific enolase was positively correlated with the duration of neuronal damage (r=0.815, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum neuron-specific enolase increases within a short term after transient brain ischemic attack and reaches the peak level at around 24-36 hours, suggesting that the detection of serum neuron-specific enolase has a guiding value in assessing the severity of transient brain ischemic attack.