Ethics committee and informed consent are the main measures to safeguard the rights and interests of the subjects.Therefore, it needs to increase the ethical review intensity on informed consent , pay attention to the balance of benefit and risk , to maintain the subjects'rights and interests and security .Informed consent is one of the main ethical requirements for human body research .The following key points should be considered during the ethical review on informed consent:the completeness and sufficiency of the information;signed process;standardi-zation of the language;risk disposal, etc.

Objective:To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of Acalypha decoction on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced ulcerative colitis(UC) in rats.Methods: Totally 70 male SD rats were equally randomized into 7 groups, and UC was induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS (125 mg/kg in 50% ethanol). Six hours later the rats were given 3 different doses of Acapha decoction (2.5, 6.5, 9.5 g crude drug/kg body weight) daily for 10 d.Some rats were pretreated with Acalypha decoction (6.5 g crude drug/kg body weight) 3 d before the colitis was induced. Sulfasalazine was used as the standard drug for comparison. The efficacy of Acalypha decoction was assessed through the following parameters: bodyweight loss, diarrhea and bloody stool, macroscopic score,histological changes,and MPO activity in colon tissue. Results: Acalypha decoction treatment(9.5 g/kg, 6.5 g/kg) and prevention administration (6.5 g/kg) significantly inhibited the bodyweight loss and occurrence of diarrhea and rectal bleeding in the rats(P

In inflammatory bowel disease, the experimental model s have been proven to be important tools to investigate the potential therapeuti c agent and to study the mechanism of pathogenesis. Literatures available were r eviewed on the methods of induction, characteristic and availability of all kind s of chemically induced IBD animal models. It would provide some information for selection of the experimental model in pharmacology and pathogenesis study.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease related to genome-wide and surroundings, it is important to develop a suitable animal model to research psoriasis pathogenesis and evolve pharmacotherapeutics. With the development of transgenetic technology in the past few years, psoriasis virulence gene animal model become a hotspot. Research of animal model of human psoriasis genes is reviewed in the paper.

Objective To explore the impact of authentic leadership on silence behavior of nurses and test the mediating effect of organizational support. Methods The 354 valid questionnaires were collected using the a cross-sectional survey with Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Perceived Organizational Support Scale and Silence Behavior Scale between September to November in 2015, using the multiple line hierarchical regression analysis to test the relationship between variables. Results Authentic leadership could significantly promote the perceived organizational support of subordinate nurses (β= 0.543, P<0.01), which in turn, significantly restrain silence behavior of subordinate nurses (β=-0.323, P<0.01), the perceived organizational support completely mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and silence behavior (β=0.175, P<0.01). Conclusions By constructing the supporting work environment, authentic leadership can eliminates nurses′ voice worry, motivates the voice motivation and efficiency, in turn to break the silence. This article propose the action mechanisms from three perspectives.

OBJECTIVE:To offer suggestions for domestic hospitals in the introduction of automated unit-dose dispensing equipment.METHODS:The application value and problems arose from the introduction of automated unit-dose dispensing machine were analyzed by summarizing our experience and reviewing literature.RESULTS:The use of automatic machines could avoid drug pollution and cross infection and reduce the incidence of medication errors during drug dispensing and administration.However,its application has also resulted in problems such as additional machine errors more costs and management difficulties.The introduction of the machine should be based on rational demands and proof analysis.Moreover,it is more suitable for the unit-dose dispensing in inpatient dispensary.CONCLUSIONS:Automatic drug dispensing is the trend of development.The application of new equipment can bring new problems as well as challenges,thus it is urgent to explore new management model.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the ways of preventing errors in the process of drug treatment.METHODS:Related overseas literatures were consulted;causes of errors in the drug treatment were analyzed,which combined with prac-tice.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Errors can be found effectively and reduced by establishing independent checking and error reporting system.

OBJECTIVE:To study the professional risks of Chinese clinical pharmacists.METHODS:The source and avoidance of professional risks for clinical pharmacists were analyzed on the basis of current practice and literatures.RESULTS:Lack of clarity in duties and rights of clinical pharmacists,undefined criteria for evaluation of their works were among the main causes of their professional risks.CONCLUSION:It is essential to renew and implement the related regulations and guidelines on clinical pharmaceutical practice to minimize the professional risks,which should be responded both by the authority and professionals.

Platelet activating factor(PAF), a potent phospholipid mediator of inflammation, has diverse physiological actions and participates in many diseases in vivo . In recent years, it has been revealed that PAF system involve in the expression of keratinocytes function and reaction of skin inflammation. Therefore, PAF system was found closely associated with inflammatory skin disease. Keratinocytes could express functional PAF receptors (PAF R) and involve in the action of epidermis cytokine system. The interaction between PAF system and other inflammatory mediators can lead to skin inflammatory cascade.

AIM: To prepare the sodium ferulate sustained-release pellets and evaluate its release characteristics and release mechanism in vitro. METHODS: Sugar core beads and drug-containing pellets were prepared by centrifugal granulation,and then coated by Surelease using the fluid-bed.The release characteristics and release mechanism of the pellets were studied by the dissolution method. RESULTS: The surface of the coated pellets was smooth and glossy and round.The release rate of sodium ferulate met lot-to-lot uniformity.The release rate of the pellet consisted of two kinds of pellets decreased with the increasing of the film thickness.The finishing time was 24 h.The dissolution profiles of sodium ferulate from the pellets showed a good fit of the Higuchi equation.(CONCLUSION): The pellets exhibit more ideal sustained-release characteristics in vitro.