An eukaryotic expression plasmid Rc/CMV GHcDNA containing CMV late promoter and hGH cDNA was constructed and introduced into mouse skeletal muscle by means of direct injection with or without the cationic liposome (Lipofectin and Lipofectamine reagent) intramuscularly. The expression of the gene was detected through both RT-PCR and IRMA (Immunoradiometric assay) at the level of transcription and protein respectively. The gene expression can be detected even after 90 days of single plasmid injection. Compared with the mice injected with the plasmid itself, the expression levels of mice injected with the plasmid-cationic liposome complex seem to be higher, and the expression period longer. Furthermore, the effect of Lipofectamine seems to be even better than that of Lipofectin. The results indicate that direct intramuscular injection with recombinant expression plasmid or plasmid-cationic liposome complex is a simple, efficient and economical way for foreign gene transfer and expression in experimental mice in vivo.

[Objective] To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treatment of humeral shaft fracture with revolving intramedullary nails.[Method]Sixty-two cases with fracture of hume ral shaft were treated by revolving intramedullary nails between January 2000 and February 2006.Their were 38 male cases and 24 female cases.Their average age was 36.9(ranged 20～58).Fifty-fous cases were closed fractures,and eight cases were opened.Sixty-two cases with fracture of humeral shaft according to AO classification,41 cases were type A,15 cases were type B,6 cases were type C.Sixty-two patients with the humeral shaft fracture were treated with limited open reduction and minimally invasive internal fixation with revolving intramedullary nails.Scientific and rational rehabilitative treatment was carried out in each case after the operation.All patients were follow-up between 14 months and 30 months.The average follow-up period was 24 months.[Result]The fracture union occurred in sixty-two patients.The average healing time was 15 weeks.According to Rodriquez-Merchang shoulder functional score system,the excellent result was achieved in 36 patients,good in 20 and fair in 6.The excellent and good rate was 90.3%.All cases got good function recovery.The effects were satisfactory.There were no complications in all cases,such as infection,iatrogenic fracture,shortening,break of nail,fat embolism syndrome and peripheral nerve injury.[Conclusion]Revolving intramedullary nails for treatment of humeral shaft fracture is effective with litter interference with the blood supply of the bone fracture and with stable immobilization.Due to the abutment of the longitudinal bars along the entire length of the medullary canal wall,highly resistant to the rotational strength was achieved.The advances of revolving intramedullary nails are convenient in operative procedure with little invasive of operation,early function exercise,high raito of fracture healing and safety compared with the normal operative therapy.The operation indication and timing should be controlled strictly.The manipulation should be familiar.This kind of treatment is worth to be recommended.

[Objective]To investigate the treating effect of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with lateral supporting plate and compression screw system.[Method]Forty-six cases of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures were treated with internal fixation from the year of 2000 to 2004 in our hospital.All of them were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by lateral supporting plata and compression screw system.Orthopaedic evaluation at latest follow-up included a knee functional outcome and radiographic examination.[Result]Forty-six cases were followed up for 12 to 18 months(averaged,14.4 months).All fractures healed.According to Rasmussen scale,84.8% excellent and good results were obtained.[Conclusion]Most of all bicondylar tibial plateau fractures were stabilized by applying lateral supporting plate and compression screw system.This system help reduce complication rates resulting from open reduction and internal fixation.

The segment length,the length of dorsal root attachment of each segment of the spinal cord of 10 adult men were measured.The cross sections from 4 specimens were stained with 1% osmic acid and the area of each section was measured with a com- pensating polar planimeter after being magnified 10 diameters.The segment volume was obtained by multiplying the segment length by the cross-sectlon area. The results shows that the length of spinal cords in Chinese are essentially the same as those from European and Japanese.They are approximately 44cm.in length. The length of each part of the cord in Chinese,European and Japanese were compared. The length of each part of the cord in Chinese and European are essentially alike,but the length of lumbar cord of Japanese appears to be slightly longer. The results show that the weight of the segment was closely related to the segment length. The coronal diameter of each segment is longer than the sagittal diameter,especial- ly it is true in the cervical enlargement.The longest coronal and sagittal diameters are found in the cervical enlargement,the next are in the lumbar enlargement,and the shortest are in the thoracic segment. The volume of the cervical segment and the lumbo-sacral segment is closely rela- ted to their cross-section area particularly to the area of their white matter. The volume of the gray matter of the cervical and the lumbo-sacral segments has a close relation to the gray matter area of the same segment,but that of the thoracic segment is related to its length. It is quite obvious that the volume of the white matter of both the cervical and lumbar enlargements reaches its highest value at segments higher than that of the gray matter,which may indicate that the increase in volume in the gray and white matter are dependent upon each other.

This article is a part of a systematical study of the Chinese sternum. A total of 191 cases (111 males, 80 females) of Chinese adult sternum were measured. The chief results obtained are as follows:1. The sternal length is 147.6?1.24mm in the male and 137.54?1.30mm in the female.2. The manubrium length of the sternum is 49.42?0.46 mm in the male and 48.20?0.66mm in the female. The maximum width of the sternum is 62.96?0.65mm in the male and 59.61?0.71mm in the female. The minimum width of the sternum is 33.71?0.48mm in the male and 31.97?0.34mm in the female. The thickness of the sternum is 10.19?0.09mm in the male and 9.97?0.16mm in the female.3. The length of the body of the sternum is 100.18?1.15 mm in the male and 88.20?1.14 mm in the female. The maximum width of the body of the sternum is 39.20?0.51 mm in the male and 36.98?0.49 mm in the female. The maximum thickness of the body of sternum is 12.43?0.22mm in the male and 11.50?0.21 mm in the female.4. The length-width index of the sternum is 26.66.5. The length-width index of the sternal body is 39.86.6. The width-thickness index of the sternum is 31.00.7. The index of the length of the sternal body and the manubrium is 50.00.8. The index of the length of the sternum and the manubrium is 34.38.9. The index of the width and the length of the manubrium is 80.00.

Femurs of 206 Chinese adults (122 males and 84 females) were used for the present study. Their lengths, and torsional and inclinational angles were measured after Martin's method. The results are as follows:1. The Lengths of FemurThe average length of the femur in males is 43.68?2.02 cm. (43.77?2.02 cm. on the left side, and 43.61?2.04 cm. on the right), while that in females is 40.96?2.84 cm. (41.05?2.84 cm. on the left side and 40.93?2.84 cm. on the right). No significant difference has been found between the femoral lengths of both sides; however, there is a significant difference between both sexes.2. The inclinational angles of femoral neckTheir average value in the male is 128.46??6.58?(128.87??6.76?on the left side, and 127.46??6.60? on the right), but that in the female is 130.52??6.44?(130.88??6.10? on the left side, and 130.17??6.80? on the right). No significant difference exists between both sides; however, there is a significant difference between both sexes.3. The Torsional Angles of FemurTheir average value in the male is 11.95??8.89? (14.51??8.08? on the left side, and 9.20??7.75? on the right), whereas that in the female is 12.80??9.07? (15.95??9.63? on the left side, and 9.63??7.31? on the right). There is a significant difference between two sides, but no significant difference between both sexes.4. The relationship between the inclinational and torsional angles on one hand and the changes in the femoral lengths on the other has been studied by dividing the femurs into groups according to their lengths. It has been shown that the changes in the femoral length exert no effect upon the inclinational and torsional angles of the femoral necks, neither in the male nor in the female.Besides, a comparison has also been made between the femurs of both sides and both sexes, between the femoral lengths and the inclinational and torsional angles, and between the variant ranges of the torsional angles of femurs. A discussion on these problems has been made with reference to the racial differences.