Lesion was made individually to the various cortical areas in 14 rats.The cortico- fugal fibers terminating into cochlear nuclei were traced in sections by means of the modified Nauta and Fink-Heimer silver staining method.The results were as follows: 1.After damaging the auditory area or somato-sensory area 1(SI)of the cerebral cortex unilaterally,degenerating fibers were found bilaterally in the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei.This result showed that the above cortical areas have direct descending connection with the cochlear nuclei. 2.No degenerating fibers were found in the cochlear nuclei after the ablation of the motor or visual area of the cerebral cortex,which demonstrated that the cochlear nuclei do not receive descending fibers from the above cortical areas. 3.The pathway from the cerebral cortex to the cochlear nuclei was:The descending fibers which originated from the auditory area or SI area ipsilaterally passed through the capsula interna and basis pedunculi,and part of these fibers passed dorsally and downward to the lateral portion of the reticular formation of the midbrain;and from there the fibers passed through the lemniscus lateralis and dorsal acustic stria to the cochlear nuclei of the ipsilateral side.The cochlear nuclei in contralateral side also received the corticofugal fibers by way of the dorsal acustic stria.These fibers might cross to the contralateral side at the region in the posterior commissure,superior colliculus commissure and inferior colliculus commissure.

Objective To study the visfatin level changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to study the correlation of visfatin level and atherosclerosis in RA.Methods Fifty cases of patients were divided to the plaque group (33 cases) and plaque-free group (17 cases) according to the carotid intima media thickness checked by carotid ultrasonography.In addition, their blood lipid level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), rheumatoid factors (RFs), anti-CCP, visfatin etc.were measured.Fifty healthy people were set as the control group.The correlation between the visfatin level of RA patients and atherosclerosis was analyzed.The statistical analysis was carried out with independent t-test,analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression.Results The serum visfatin level of RA plaques group was obviously higher than that of the plaque-free group [(47±22) μg/L vs (34±19) μg/L, t=4.361, P＜0.01].The serum visfatin level of RA patients was positively correlated to HOMA-IR (r=0.567, P=0.001), RF (r=0.502, P=0.003), anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline, (anti-CCP) (r=0.420, P=0.038) and carotid artery IMT (r=0.596, P=0.001).High-density lipoprotein-C (OR=1.009, P=0.020), HOMA-IR (OR=1.450, P=0.006), anti-CCP (OR=1.005, P=0.014) and visfatin (OR=0.971, P=0.008) were independent relevant factors affecting carotid artery IMT.Conclusion The serum visfatin level of RA patients is closely related to atherosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the characteristic of nasal mucosa absorption in vivo of tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride (TMP HCl) in rats. Methods: The nasal circulatory perfusion test of TMP HCl was performed in rats.Results: The absorption rate constants was increased with the increasing of the concentration of TMP HCl; The absorption rate constants was increased with the elevating of pH values at the pH value range of 4.70～7.00. Conclusion:When the pH value of nasal circulatory perfusion liquid of TMP HCl is 7.00, the nasal mucosa absorption is optimal.