Objective:To explore a method for setting up three dimensional finite element model of posterior glass fiber reinforced composite resin-bonded-fixed-partial dentures (GFRC-RBFPD) including restoration, periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. Methods:A stone model was fabricated including abutments and pontic of restoration, then it was scanned with laser scanner. Acquired data were integrated in Geomagic 5.0. Basic 3D geometric model was established. Different parts of abutement and prosthesis were designed in I-DEAS 10 NX Series and Geomagic, then periodontal tissue and alveolar bone were set up in Geomagic 5.0. Completed 3D geometric model was input into MSC.Marc Mentat 2003 for mesh generation. Boundary conditions were defined. Model was calculated in Mentat 2003. Results:3D geometric model and finite element model including GFRC-RBFPD, abutments, periodontal membrane and bone (bone lamina dura,cortical bone and cancellous bone) were established.Little contour information was lost, comparability between models was improved.Conclusion:The 3-dimensional laser scanning technique, CAD and mesh generation technique are effective in the establishment of 3-dimensional finite element model of GFRC-RBFPD.

CRP measurement on automated biochemistry analyzer. The method can be used in clinical diagnosis.

The method of modeling and mesh generation about 3-unit tooth/restoration complex were established. The three-dimensional finite element models were subjected to four types of occlusal load applied to pontic element to evaluate 3 fiber framework designs and 3 cavities preparation configurations. By comparing the difference of stress distribution, following conclusions were obtained: the principal stress under buccal-lingual cusp load in traditional fiber framework pontic increased by 6.22% compared to that in pure composite resin pontic; optimized fiber framework obviously reduced stress level under any load; modified cavities exhibited better stress transfer and decreased share stress at adhesive interface than traditional cavities.
Composite Resins ; Dental Abutments ; Dental Materials ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Finite Element Analysis ; Glass ; Models, Theoretical

Objective To analyze genetic characteristics of HIV isolated from men who have sex with men(MSM) in Beijing and predict the epidemic trend in this population.Methods All of the HIV gene sequences in our laboratory obtained from MSM in Beijing were used,which were aligned with all of the HIV gene sequences from MSM and other populations in China downloaded from Los Alamos HIV Database.Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using software PhyML 3.0,based on which the relationships of prevalent HIV strains between Beijing MSM and other populations in China were further explored.The evolution rate,the time of most recent common ancestor (tMRCA),the epidemic parameters,the reproductive number (R0) were calculated by using software BEAST to predict HIV evolution and epidemic characteristics.Results Multiple HIV subtypes,including subtype B,CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC,were found to be prevalent among MSM in Beijing.In ML tree constructed based on strains from the whole country,three clusters including B-1,CRF01_AE-1,and CRF01_AE-2 were found among the MSM in Beijing (accounting for 40％).At least three independent introduction of B 1 cluster strains into Beijing MSM were found,which were at March 1991 (July 1984-February 1997),January 1994 (January 1989-January 1998),April 1991 (August 1984-January 1996).For CRF01_AE strains,two clusters including CRF01_AE-1 and CRF01_AE-2 were introduced into the population at December 2000 (March 1998-January 2003) and December 2001 (January 2000-July 2003) respectively.The population epidemiology of HIV in Beijing MSM was reconstructed based on sequences.The CRF01_AE-1 cluster spread more quickly than the other two clusters,and the evolution rate was higher.Conclusion Multiple HIV subtypes were found prevalent among MSM in Beijing.Although subtype B strain was introduced into Beijing MSM earlier than CRF01_AE strain,CRF01_AE strain increased more quickly than subtype B strain.More research and control of the CRF01_AE prevalence will be helpful for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in MSM in Beijing.

Objective:To observe the effects of salvianolic acid B on migration and tube formation of the retinal vascular endothelial cell (RVEC) in high glucose, and explore its mechanism with network pharmacology.Methods:The cells were divided into normal group, model group and 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 μg/ml salvianolic acid B group according to the random number table method. The cells of each group were added with 5.5 mmol/L glucose for intervention, and the salvianolic acid B group was added with 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/ml salvianolic acid B for intervention. After 72 h, the cell viability of each group was detected by the CCK-8 method. The cells were divided into normal group, model group and low-, medium-, and high-dose salvianolic acid B group according to the random number table method. Then the cells of the normal group were added with 5.5 mmol/L glucose; the model group was added with 25 mmol/L glucose; the low-, medium-, and high-dose salvianolic acid B group was added with 25 mmol/L glucose and 0.062 5, 0.1250, 0.250 0 μg/ml salvianolic acid B. Then by taking Transwell test to detect the number of cell migration, and Matrigel test to analyze the total length of cells tubes. The active targets of Salvianolic acid B were screened by SuperTarget and Swiss TargetPrediction. Then, the targets of diabetic retinopathy were obtained by searching the GAD database, pharmGkb database, TTD database, DiGSeE database and OMIM database. The effective targets of drug-disease interaction were screened, and the component-target-disease interaction network was constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, the effective targets were analyzed by DAVID for GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was performed by using Accelrys Discovery Studio Client 2.5 software.Results:The CCK-8 method showed that the cell absorbance values of 0.5 and 0.1 μg/ml salvianolic acid B group were not significantly different from those of the normal group ( P>0.05). The results of Transwell experiment and Matrigel experiment showed that compared with the model group, the relative number of migrating cells and the total length of tubule formation in each dose group of salvianolic acid B decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The interaction network revealed that salvianolic acid B acted on 46 targets and 8 signaling pathways. Conclusions:Salvianolic acid B could inhibit the migrating and tube forming ability of RVEC cultivated by high glucose. The results suggest that salvianolic acid B may play roles in preventing diabetic retinopathy.

Objective:To analyze the effects of the main drug resistance mutations in the integrase (IN) region on the resistance of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains, and compare the differences with subtype B strains.Methods:Seven IN region mutations or combined mutations (T66K, F121Y, Q148K, N155H, G118R, R263K, Q148K/N155H) were selected from the HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University in the United States, and introduced to the IN region of HIV-1 B subtype infectious clone pNL4-3 and CRF01_AE infectious clone pGX002 by seamless cloning, homologous recombination and point mutation. The mutant plasmids were transfected into 293T cells for virus packaging. The culture was expanded in MT2 cells and infectious titers were detected. Half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) of four integrase inhibitors (INSTIs), raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG), dolutegravir (DTG) and bictegravir (BIC), against 14 mutant viruses were detected and compared with the IC 50 against the wild-type viruses. Results:B subtype and CRF01_AE plasmids carrying seven IN region mutations or combined mutations were successfully constructed, and 14 recombinant viruses were packaged with an infectious titer of 10 4-10 6 median tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50)/ml. The recombinant viruses replicated efficiently in MT2 cells. The concentrations of HIV-1 p24 antigen contained in the supernatants of cell culture reached 830-2 700 ng/ml. Five mutations or combined mutations (T66K, F121Y, Q148K, N155H, Q148K/N155H) caused CRF01_AE and B subtype strains to be highly resistant to RAL and EVG, resulting in an increase in the IC 50 by 200 times and 2 000 times or more as compared with the IC 50 against the wild-type viruses. The same mutation-caused fold changes of IC 50 of RAL and EVG against CRF01_AE were significantly lower than that of subtype B ( P<0.01). Q148K/N155H mutation caused B subtype and CRF01_AE to be highly resistant to DTG and BIC, with IC 50 increased by more than 50 times. Other mutations had little effects on the sensitivity to DTG and BIC. Conclusions:Fourteen HIV-1 strains carrying seven INSTI resistance mutations based on B subtype and CRF01_AE were constructed. Five mutations resulted in high resistance to RAL and EVG, and there was a high level of cross-resistance. Resistance to RAL and EVG caused by the same mutation was higher in B subtype than in CRF01_AE. The combined mutation of Q148K and N155H was associated with greater resistance to DTG and BIC, indicating that the genetic barrier of DTG and BIC resistance was high. DTG and BIC could effectively inhibit the strains carrying INSTI resistance mutations without obvious subtype difference.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*