Objective To assess whether FICE or IC is more effective at detecting colonic diseases.Method We searched PubMed, CINAHL, CQVIP and the Cochrane Library databases for relevant papers published between January 2008 and August 2013 using the following keywords: lfexible spectral imaging color enhancement, indigo carmine, colonoscope, colonic lesions, colon tumor and chromoendoscopy. We included eight articles, and all data were subdivided for analysis.Results We used odds ratios (OR^s) with 95 % conifdence intervals (CIs) to assess correlations between the detection methods and detection rates. The detection rates did not signiifcantly differ between FICE and IC for colonic tumor lesions (OR^ = 0.90, 95 % CI: 0.76~1.08,P = 0.255), non-tumor lesions (OR^ = 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.92~1.30,P = 0.302), adenomas (OR^ = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.72~1.07,P = 0.188), non-neoplastic polyps (OR^ = 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.67~1.06,P = 0.146), lfat lesions (OR^ = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.71~1.08,P = 0.203), protruded lesions (OR^= 1.23, 95 % CI: 0.93 ~ 1.64,P = 0.153), right colon lesions (OR^ = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.60 ~ 1.14,P =0.251), transverse colon lesions (OR^ = 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.48~1.05,P = 0.086), or left colon lesions (OR^ = 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.01 ~ 1.80,P = 0.045).Conclusions There were no signiifcant differences in the rate of colonic lesion detection between FICE and IC except the left colon. Therefore, providers should choose a suitable inspection method based on the resources of the hospital.

An auxiliary training system was explored for the development of creativity of long-termsystem medical undergraduates through scientific researches in spare time.In practice,professionals from research groups of different disciplines were recruited for developing wide-scope theoretical and technical bases of the undergraduates through training among these research groups followed by focused researches on topics of the running projects of these professionals.The undergraduates were engaged in a serial of research activities,including the discovery of problems for reasoning out scientific research projects,the writing of their project proposals,the summary of their data and the writing of reports,to develop their creativity and their qualification for scientific researches.

We cloned and analyzed the two genes of the 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) gene family from Huperzia serrate. The two transcripts coding HDR, named HsHDR1 and HsHDR2, were discovered in the transcriptome dataset of H. serrate and were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The physicochemical properties, protein domains, protein secondary structure, and 3D structure of the putative HsHDR1 and HsHDR2 proteins were analyzed. The full-length cDNA of the HsHDR1 gene contained 1431 bp encoding a putative protein with 476 amino acids, whereas the HsHDR2 gene contained 1428 bp encoding a putative protein of 475 amino acids. These two proteins contained the conserved domain of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (PF02401), but without the transmembrane region and signal peptide. The most abundant expression of HsHDR1 and HsHDR2 was detected in H. serrate roots, followed by the stems and leaves. Our results provide a foundation for exploring the function of HsHDR1 and HsHDR2 in terpenoid and sterol biosynthesis in Huperziaceae plants.

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of severe infections. From a cohort including 3060 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 109 (3.4%) cancer patients were included in this study. Among them, 23 (21.1%) patients died in the hospital. Cancer patients, especially those with hematological malignancies (41.6%), urinary carcinoma (35.7%), malignancies of the digestive system (33.3%), gynecological malignancies (20%), and lung cancer (14.3%), had a much higher mortality than patients without cancer. A total of 19 (17.4%) cancer patients were infected in the hospital. The clinical characteristics of deceased cancer patients were compared with those of recovered cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that a Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS2002) score ⩾ 3 (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 11.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.60-26.32; P < 0.001), high-risk type (adjusted HR 18.81; 95% CI 4.21-83.93; P < 0.001), tumor stage IV (adjusted HR 4.26; 95% CI 2.34-7.75; P < 0.001), and recent adjuvant therapy (< 1 month) (adjusted HR 3.16; 95% CI 1.75-5.70; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjusting for age, comorbidities, D-dimer, and lymphocyte count. In conclusion, cancer patients showed a higher risk of COVID-19 infection with a poorer prognosis than patients without cancer. Cancer patients with high-risk tumor, NRS2002 score ⩾ 3, advanced tumor stage, and recent adjuvant therapy (< 1 month) may have high risk of mortality.
COVID-19 ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2