ObjectiveOn the basis of the analysis for the related literatures,to study the relation between seasons and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes distribution of coronary artery disease (CAD) preliminarily.MethodsBy the reviewed analysis for the related literatures and the summary for different seasons,to study the relation between seasons and TCM syndromes distribution of CAD.Results In summer and autumn season,the most commonly seen TCM syndromes are blood stasis in heart,heart-Qi deficiency,and phlegm blocking heart vessel.While,in winter and spring season are blood stasis in heart,phlegm blocking heart vessel,and Qi-yin deficiency.The syndrome of blood stasis in heart is common in four seasons of whole year.There is more heart-Qi deficiency syndrome in summer and autumn season.The proportion of phlegm blocking heart vessel syndrome is higher in winter and spring season.Cold accumulated in heart pulse syndrome also can be often found in summer and autumn season.ConclusionAs the preliminary study on the relation between seasons and TCM syndromes distribution,the results can provide some experience for the treatment of CAD,but more accurate conclusions need to be supported by large samples of clinical investigation through four seasons.

In recent years, Delphi method has been widely applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical research. This article analyzed the present application situation of Delphi method in TCM clinical research, and discussed some problems presented in the choice of evaluation method, classification of observation indexes and selection of survey items. On the basis of present application of Delphi method, the author analyzed the method on questionnaire making, selection of experts, evaluation of observation indexes and selection of survey items. Furthermore, the author summarized the steps of application of Delphi method in TCM clinical research.

This study was aimed to take an expert survey on the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in different clinical classifications of coronary heart disease (CHD) in order to master its medication characteristics and principles . Delphi method was applied in different clinical classifications of CHD , which contain angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, after percutaneous coronary inter-vention ( PCI ) and after coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) . Two rounds of nationwide expert survey were giv-en on the commonly-used TCM decoction , oral administration of TCM patent drugs and TCM intravenous preparations in CHD treatment . The results showed that TCM medications in the treatment of angina pectoris contain Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction, Tongxinluo capsules, Compound Danshen dripping pills, Shexiang Baoxin pill, Danshen injection, Danhong injection, and etc. And commonly used TCM medications for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction include Xue fu Zhuyu decoction , Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction, Compound Danshen dripping pills, Shexiang Baoxin pill, Suxiao Jiuxin pills, Shengmai injec-tion , She nmai injection and so on . Heart failure of CHD was treated by Zhenwu decoction , Qili Qiangxin cap-sule, Qishen Yiqi dripping pills, Shenfu injection, Shengmai injection, Shenmai injection and so on. TCM treatments of arrhythmia of CHD usually include Zhigancao decoction , Tianwang Buxin boluses , Wenxin gran-ules, Shensong Yangxin capsule, Shengmai injection, Shenmai injection and so on. The commonly used TCM medications after PCI contain Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, Tongxinluo capsules, Compound Danshen dripping pills, Shengmai injection and Danshen injection and so on. Commonly used TCM medications after CABG include Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, Buyang Huanwu decoction, Tongxinluo capsules, Shexiang Baoxin pill, Compound Dan-shen dripping pills, Shengmai injection and Danhong injection and so on. It was concluded that different clini-cal classifications of CHD had characteristics and commonness in the application of TCM . Findings based on expert consensus through the survey provide certain reference values in the clinical syndrome differentiation of CHD .

BACKGROUD: Coronary artery disease (CAD), a common disease with high incidence and mortality rate, has seriously threatened the health and life of the public. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an important role in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Through clinical epidemiological survey, a deeper understanding of TCM etiology and syndrome characteristics in CAD would further improve clinical efficacy in the treatment of this disease.

To explore the effects of Shenmai Injection (SMI), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on pharmacokinetics and serum concentration of digoxin when applied together with digoxin.

Objective To explore humam cytomegalovirus(HCMV) encoded microRNAs during latent infection in order to help study HCMV virology and latent infection mechanisms.Methods A model of HCMV latent infection via THP-1 cells infected with HCMV was constructed.Deep-sequencing was performed using high-resolution Solexa sequencing platform.The secondary structure of the newly sequenced miRNA was predicted by RNAFold bioinformatics software. Results HCMV encoded various miRNAs during latent infection, including miR-US25-2-3p, miR-US25-2-5p, miR-UL112, miR-US25-1, miR-UL22A and PC-5p-148467 with a predicted length of 25 bp, named hcmv-miR-US33as-5p.Conclusion HCMV can express many types of miRNAs during latent infection.

Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of whole-genome and quasispecies sequences from three hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains in China. Methods: Serum samples from acute hepatitis A patients were collected and viral RNA extraction, transcription, nested PCR, sequencing and assembling were performed to gain near full-length sequences; cloning-based sequencing of the full-length VP1-2 A region was also performed. Results: Genotyping showed that the nucleotide and amino acid identities among three strains on VP1-2 A junction region were both 100% and all belonged to subgenotype IA; the nucleotide and amino acid identities on whole-genome region were 99.9%-100% and 100% respectively, and shared the highest identities with AH2 strain from GenBank of 98.5% in nucleotide and 99.7% in amino acid level; no amino acid variation was found among published neutralizing antigenic sites. Within cloning sequences from each strain, the nucleotide and amino acid identities were 99.0%-100% and 98.1%-100%, while among all cloning sequences were 99.0%-100% and 97.2%-100%. The variation rate of nucleotide and amino acid in VP1-2 A junction region were both higher than that of partial VP1 region. Conclusions Sequences among three strains in VP1-2 A region were identical, the nucleotide and amino acid identities in both whole-genome region and among quasispecies sequences were relatively high to deduce that they were from the same outbreak. This study provides new insight for identification of HAV transmissions and tracing investigations.

Objective To identify the complete nucleotide sequence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) extracted from serum of an acute hepatitis A patient in 2007 (B J73) in Beijing.Methods The full genomic sequence was sequenced and subjected to the phylogenetic analysis using Bioedit 7.0,MEGA5 and HyPhy.Results The genome of BJ73 consisted of 7477 nucleotides,encoding a polyprotein of 2227 amino acids.Sequence comparison showed that B J73 shared the highest identities of 99.1％ for nucleotide and 99.7％ for amino acid with LU38.Amino acid change was not observed in reference to published neutralizing antigenic sites in VP3-VP1 regions.Phylogenetic analysis included the B J73 sequence in subgenotype IA,either considering different fragments or the full length nucleotide sequence; negative selection was found in coding regions.Conclusion This article provides new data on the distribution of genotype and virus evolution of HAV isolated from China.

Objective To compare concentration methods of ultrafiltration and PEG precipitation for hepatitis A virus( HAV) in simulated water samples, and provide a reference for detection of HAV in water. Methods Quantitative HAV was inoculated in the simulated water samples.Millipore, Sartorius, 100KD and 50KD aperture microporous ultrafiltration centrifuge tubes and the final concentration of 10%polyethylene glycol (PEG) -1M sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method were selected to concentrate HAV.The concentration of virus was detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method.The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS21.0.Results The comparison of CT value and recovery rate shows that there were significant differences in different treatment methods (P<0.0001, P<0.0001).There were not statistically significant between ultrafiltration centrifuge tubes that they produced by different factory but with the same aperture (P=0.25, P=0.532), 50KD group had a higher recovery rate(94.57 ±16.26%)than 100KD group (52.37 ±14.75%) and the 10%PEG-1.0MNaCl (63.5 ±8.45%) was in middle of them. Conclusions Both methods of ultrafiltration and PEG precipitation can be used for HAV concentration in water samples, the ultrafiltration centrifuge tube has the advantages of simple operation, less time-consuming and so on, select the appropriate aperture can improve the recovery rate of HAV virus.The HAV recovery rate of 50KD ultrafiltration centrifuge tube is higher than 100kD;PEG is more economical and practical, also it can process a large volume sample.

Objective: To optimize the membrane filtration method for hepatitis A virus concentration from mimicked water samples. Methods: Mimicked water samples containing HAV particles were prepared and concentrated by positively charged membrane and negatively charged membrane respectively. Then different method including direct lysis, shaker, vortex and ultrasonication were used to elute HAV followed by the quantification of HAV by Taqman Real-time RT-PCR. The data were analyzed by professional statistical software. Results: In the present study, when mimicked water samples contained 300 TCID₅₀ of HAV, there was no significant difference between the concentration effects by negatively charged membrane and positively charged membrane (P=0.825>0.05). However, when HAV in mimic water samples was up to 1500 TCID₅₀ and 7500 TCID₅₀, the recycle efficiency by negatively charged membrane was higher than that by positively charged membrane (P<0.01). Additionally, this study found that HAV recycle ratio could be up to (68.17±16.79)% when direct lysis was used for viral elution, therefore direct lysis was proved much better than shaker, vortex and ultrasonication. They were significantly different (P<0.0001). Conclusions Elution process played the key role in HAV concentration when membrane filtration method was used. Direct lysis was proved much better than other method and it was the most efficient way in HAV recycle from mimicked water samples.