In-stent restenosis is an important medical problem in interventional therapy .Drug-eluting stent (DES) can significantly reduce in-stent restenosis rate .However ,it also inhibits function and growth of endothelium in stent site while inhibiting over-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells .Delayed endothelialization can lead to late restenosis and delayed thrombosis .The present article made an overview on research progress of DES restenosis current condition ,influencing factors ,mechanisms and various therapeutic methods .

Objective To introduce the effect of estrogen on the vascular endothelial cells and on the development of Buerger's disease. Methods The relative papers were summarized with and made a literature reviewing. Results The physiological level estrogen in vivo has protective effects on the vascular endothelial cells; however, the high level of estrogen in vivo can hurt the vascular endothelial cells,which is an important factor in the development of Buerger's disease. Conclusion Investigation of the mechanism of high level of estrogen in Buerger's patients would have a favor effect on the prevention and treatment of Buerger's disease.

Objective To investigate the dosage, efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of plasmin in producing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), and the possible role of plasmin in degrading adhesion glycoproteins of inner limiting membrane (ILM). Methods Twenty eyes of young human cadavers within 24 hours after death were divided into 4 groups that received 0 1 ml balanced salt solution (group 1) as control, 1 (group 2), 2 (group 3), or 3 (group 4) U of human plasmin. Optical and transmission electron microcopies were performed to examine the ultrastructure of the vitreoretinal interface. Electron immunocytochemical techniques were carried out on ILM to estimate the content of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN). Flow cytometry was used for cell viability analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test was employed for statistical analysis. Results Microscopy demonstrated that plasmin especially in group 4 cleaved the attachment of the vitreous collagen fibrils to the ILM with no evident damage to the inner retina. The content of LN, FN in ILM decreased with injection of plasmin (group 3 and 4 had statistical significance from control group for FN, P

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of perceived stress and coping style and their relationship withsymptoms in college students with psychosis-risk syndrome (PRS).Methods:A two-stage screening process was conducted in 3160 college students.Participants were screened with 16-Item Version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16).The students with scores of PQ-16 ≥9 were further interviewed with Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS).Twenty-two individuals who met the criteria of PRS on SIPS were enrolled as the PRS group.The control group (n =22) were randomly selected from the participants with scores of PQ-16 ＜9 who were matched with age,gender and education level.Two groups were assessed with Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS),Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and Self-rating depression scale (SDS) to measure subjective stress,coping style and depressive symptoms.Results:PRS group reported higher CPSS total scores [(34 ± 8)vs.(22 ± 8)] and negative coping styles scores [(35 ± 5)vs.(28 ± 7)],and lowerTCSQ positive coping styles scores [(31 ±6)vs.(37 ±4)] than the controls (Ps ＜0.05).The CPSS scores in PRS group were positively correlated with the scores of negative coping style (r =0.57,P ＜0.01),and the SDS scores were positively correlated with CPSS total scores and scores of negative coping style (r--0.86,0.66,Ps ＜ 0.01).There was no significant relation of psychosis-risk symptoms to scores of CPSS and TCSQ (P ＞0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that college students with PRS have a higher perceived stress and tend to use more negative coping style,which may be positively correlated with depression.

Objective:To investigate the changes of default network functional connectivity (FC) in resting state of patients with insomnia disorder (ID).Methods:Fifty-six patients with insomnia disorder and fifty healthy controls were recruited. All subjects were assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI), Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17). All subjects were scanned with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). SPM12 and CONN18b were used to preprocess rs-fMRI data on MATLAB (R2013b).The medial superior frontal gyrus was defined as the seed point, and the differences in the functional connection strength of the two groups of subjects were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the FC value of the brain area with statistical significance and scores of PSQI and ISI.Results:(1)FC analysis showed that compared with the control group, patients with ID had abnormal default mode network (DMN) connection, as follows: FC of left medial superior frontal gyrus and left central anterior gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-30, -15, 51) and anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-6, 24, 36), FC of right medial forehead between the last gyrus and the left central anterior gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-48, -6, 48), FC of left anterior cuneiform and the left central back (MNI: x, y, z=-54, -18, 54) and left superior occipital gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-21, -69, 30), FC of right precuneus and left central posterior gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-60, -21, 48) was enhanced. The FC of left anterior cuneiform lobe and the right middle frontal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=42, 33, 42) and the right angular gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=54, -51, 45), FC of right precuneus and left inferior temporal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-51, -12, -42) was weakened. (2)With the left medial superior frontal gyrus as the seed point, FC values in anterior cingulate gyrus ( r=0.451, 0.338, both P<0.01) and left anterior central gyrus ( r=0.324, 0.402, both P<0.05) were positively correlated with PSQI and ISI scores. With the right precuneus as the seed point, FC value of left posterior central gyrus was positively correlated with PSQI( r=0.333, P=0.013) and ISI scores( r=0.418, P=0.008), while FC value of left inferior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with PSQI( r=-0.662, P=0.001) and ISI scores( r=-0.402, P<0.01).With the left precuneus as the seed point, FC value of left superior occipital gyrus was positively correlated with PSQI( r=0.438, P=0.001) and ISI scores( r=0.495, P=0.011). Conclusion:Patients with ID may have changes in the functional connection of multiple networks. The decrease of FC in DMN may be one of the potential causes of insomnia. The increase in FC between DMN and the visuospatial attention network may be the core of the mechanism of damage to the brain function network of insomnia link.

Objective To summarize the progress on the injury mechanism of vascular endothelial cells in atherosclerosis.Methods The latest progress was reviewed in recent literatures.Results All kinds of etiological factors have activated NF kappa B and cytokines in the development of atherosclerosis, which lead to expression of cell adhesive molecules and adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells.A variety of inflammatory mediums are released, which can directly damage endothelial cells.Besides, the inflammatory mediums make monocytes and neutrophils attach to endothelial cells by immune mechanisms, which injure the endothelial cells more severely. Meanwhile the damaged membrance structure leads to the production of AECA which activates the complementary system. Then the vascular endothelial cell injury is aggravated and the development of atherosclerosis accelerated. Conclusion It is very important to recognize the injury mechanism of vascular endothelial cells in the development of atherosclerosis for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Based on the analyses of the status of humanistic medicine education both at home and abroad, the article emphasized the need for the implement of medical humanities education with the whole process and multidisciplinary integration. In combination with practice, from the three modules of the ex-plicit curriculum, implicit curriculum and integrated curriculum, the author discussed the specific conno-tation of the whole course of medical humanities education. The article also summarized the main points of the course system in teaching practice from the aspects of training objectives, teaching staff construction, teaching methods improvement and innovation, and humanistic quality evaluation of medical students.

Objective To elucidate the diagnosis and treatment of the bladder mixed tumor.Methods 16 cases treated from Jun 1990 to Aug 2004 were reviewed.The clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis were discussed.Correlative literature was reviewed at the same time.Results 16 cases of the bladder mixed tumor accounted for 6.9% of 223 bladder tumor patients in the same period,of which 7 of 16 were transitional squamous cell carcinoma,4 transitional adenocarcinoma,3 transitional squamous adenocarcinoma and 2 squamous adenocarcinoma mixed tumor.Most of the patients had irritable bladder symptoms and hematurine.Partial cystectomy was undergone for 3 of 16 cases,total cystectomy for 10 and radical total cystectomy for 3.The main treatment was partial or total cystectomy.The overall survival rates at 1,3 and 5 years post operation were 81.3%,56.3% and 12.5% respectively.Conclusion There were higher malignancy and worse prognosis in bladder mixed tumor.Early diagnosis and therapy might prolong survival.Radical total cystectomy seems to be the best method of treatment.

Objective To explore the association between family function and self-esteem in college students.Methods Totally 2560 college students were sampled.They were assessed with the self-compiled questionnaire on family information,Rosenberg' s self-esteem scale (SES) and family assessment device (FAD).Results The students from only-child family (30.32±4.19) scored higher on SES than students with siblings (29.54±3.97).The students with experience of grandparents raising (29.84±4.19) scored lower on SES than students raised by parents (30.29±4.13).Students from harmonious family and with monthly incoming above 10000 Yuan scored higher on SES than other groups.All the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).There was significant correlation between SES and all of the dimensions of FAD (r=-0.260-0.379,P=0.000).Multiple regression showed that such dimensions of FAD as role,communication,behavior control,problem solving and general functioning,as well as social economic status of the family played important role on self-esteem of the students(β=0.039-0.169,P＜0.01 orP＜0.05).Conclusion Family factors have significant impact on self-esteem of the college students,especially family role and communication which are important positive predictors on self-esteem of college students.

Objective To investigate the effects of escitalopram (ESC)on the cognitive function,the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)in the hippocampus,the dendritic length and arborization and dendritic spines density of chronic cerebral ischemic rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group (permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries,2VO)and experimental group (treated with escitalopram at the dosage of 30 mg/kg·d).Rats were selected as study objects at week 1,2,4 and 8 after administration in each group.Their cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze,the expression of BDNF protein was measured by Western blot,and dendritic morphology was studied by Golgi staining. Results In the Morris water maze test,the escape latency obviously extended in model group and experimental group compared with that in sham-operation group (P<0 .0 5 ),while the escape latency was shorter in experimental group than in model group (P<0.05).Compared with those in sham-operation group,the dendritic length and arborization and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 significantly decreased in model group and experimental group (P<0 .0 5 ),while they increased significantly in experimental group compared with model group (P<0.05)by Golgi staining.Compared with sham-operation group,the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of experimental group and model group significantly decreased (P<0 .0 5 ),but it increased significantly in experiment group compared with model group (P<0.05)by Western blot.Conclusion Escitalopram could significantly delay the progression of cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.The improvement of learning and memory may be related to the increased expression of BDNF.