Objective To investigate the expression of IFN-α of the peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) stimulated by bacille Calmeue-Guérin (BCG) expressing recombinant human B7-2, and the antitumor effect of BCG activated killer cells(BAK). Methods Expression of human B7-2 was detected by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. Recombinant BCG and wild-type BCG were used to stimulate PBMC in different concentrations in vitro. Supernatant was collected at various time points and IFN-α was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MTT assay was used to observe the effects of recombinant BCG on proliferation of T cell, and LDH assay was used to study antitumor cytotoxicity of BAK cells. Results The concentration of human B7-2 in culture was 3.8 U/ml by ELISA. Compared with wild-type BCG, recombinant BCG can induce more IFN-α. The results of the LDH release assay showed that the anti-tumor activity of BAK cells stimulated by recombinant BCG was 2.14 fold higher than that of wild-type BCG. Conclusion The expression of IFN-α in PBMC stimulated by recombinant BCG is higher than that stimulated by wild-type BCG, suggesting that enhanced antitumor activity of BAK when bladder cancer cells could be enchanced by using recombinant BCG.

Objective To analyze cancer incidence and mortality in Fujian in 2012 and to provide sci-entific basis for tumor prevention .Methods In accordance with the methods and criteria of data quality control made by NCCR,7 regristries data qualified from 9 submitted regritries in Fujian after data assessment were mer-ged and analyzed.Results In 2012,the cancer incidence rate was 251.44/105 (308.44/105 in male and 193.03/105 in female),age standardized incidence by Chinese standard population (ASR China)and by world standard population(ASR world)were 205.15/105 and 201.11/105.The cumulative incidence(0~74 age)was 23.51%.The mortality rate was 161.85/105(220.87/105 in male and 101.37/105 in female).ASR China and ASR world were 128.54/105 and 127.70/105 the cumulative incidence(0~74 age)was 15.04%.The age-spe-cific incidence and mortality reached maximum value in 75 ages and 80 ages respectively .The top 5 cancer inci-dences were lung cancer ,stomach cancer ,liver cancer ,esophagus cancer and breast cancer .The top 5 cancer mor-tality were lung cancer ,liver cancer ,stomach cancer ,esophagus cancer and colorectum cancer .Conclusion Di-gestive malignancies ,lung cancer ,and breast cancer in female were the most frequent in Fujian province ,and the prevention and control for those cancers should be enhanced .

OBJECTIVE: To research the correlation between development of sphenoid sinus and age in normal children and adolescents by 3-D CT images. METHOD: Review of CT images of the skulls of 120 children and adolescents aged 0~20 years old. They were divided into five groups. Then reconstructed 3-D shape of the sphenoid sinus, and measureed the maximal anteroposterior diameter, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter of the bilateral sphenoid sinus by the 2-D and 3-D approach respectively, then process statistical analysis. RESULT: Pearson analyses revealed a positive correlation between various diameters of sphenoid sinus measured by 2-D and 3-D approach and age (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION The development of sphenoid sinus has a linear correlation with age, and increases with age and growth in Yunnan region. It helps to know the three-dimensional CT images of the sphenoid sinus in children and adolescents by Simplant software, thereby allow the clinicians to understand the current situation of the development of sphenoid sinus. Meanwhile, it contributes to preoperative evaluation of sinus problems.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Skull ; Software ; Sphenoid Sinus ; growth & development ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (synCRLM).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 3 172 patients with primary colorectal cancer (CRC) who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2010 to January 2016 were collected. There were 1 946 males and 1 226 females, aged (63±12)years, with a range from 21 to 97 years. Observation indicators: (1) general data analysis; (2) clinicopathological data analysis; (3) analysis of influencing factors for synCRLM. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Count data were represented as absolute numbers. The influencing factors for synCRLM were analyzed after excluding missing data of tumor differentiation degree, tumor diameter, pathological T stage and N stage. Univariate analysis was conducted by chi-square test or Logistic regression model. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Logistic regression model. Results:(1) General data analysis: among the 3 172 patients, cases with age ≤29 years, from 30 to 39 years, from 40 to 49 years, from 50 to 59 years, from 60 to 69 years, from 70 to 79 years, and ≥80 years were 15, 82, 342, 774, 965, 759 and 235, respectively. There were 2 972 patients in Qingdao, 172 cases in Yantai and 28 cases in Weihai. Of the 2 972 patients in Qingdao, there were 422 cases in Shinan District, 658 cases in Shibei District, 457 cases in Huangdao District, 144 cases in Laoshan District, 188 cases in Licang District, 205 cases in Chengyang District, 252 cases in Jimo District, 221 cases in Jiaozhou City, 255 cases in Pingdu City, 170 cases in Laixi City. (2) Clinico-pathological data analysis: among the 3 172 patients, there were 1 639 cases of colon cancer including 972 cases with left colon cancer and 667 cases with right colon cancer, 1 533 cases of rectal cancer. There were 2 981 cases of adenocarcinoma, 165 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma, 10 cases of signet ring cell carcinoma and 16 cases of other types including carcinoid tumor, squamous carcinoma, tubular adenocarcinoma, etc.There were 162 cases with highly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 5 cases with highly-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 2 338 cases with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 80 cases with moderately-poorly differentiated adeno-carcinoma, 396 cases with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and 191 cases missing tumor differentiation data. There were 708 cases with tumor diameter <4 cm, 1 957 cases with tumor diameter ≥4 cm and 507 cases missing tumor diameter data. There were 486 cases in T1 or T2 stage of pathological T stage, 2 169 cases in T3 or T4 stage of pathological T stage and 517 cases missing tumor pathological T staging data. There were 1 563 cases in N0 stage of pathological N staging, 1 062 cases in N1 or N2 stage of pathological N staging and 547 cases missing tumor pathological N staging data. There were 2 895 cases without synCRLM and 277 cases with synCRLM. There were 2 799 cases without diabetes and 373 cases with diabetes. There were 2 931 cases without fatty liver and 241 cases with fatty liver. There were 2 989 cases negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 183 cases positive for HBsAg. (3) Analysis of influencing factors for synCRLM. Results of univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor location, tumor differentiation degree, tumor diameter, pathological T stage, fatty liver, HBsAg were related factors for synCRLM in primary colorectal cancer ( χ2=7.400, 7.577, 7.111, 4.513, 12.125, 5.686, 5.919, P<0.05), and neutrophils counts, lymphocytes counts, platelet counts, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrans-ferase (AST), total bilirubin, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA19-9 were related factors for synCRLM in primary colorectal cancer ( odds ratio=1.101, 0.807, 1.002, 1.017, 1.023, 1.027, 1.012, 0.686, 1.169, 1.007, 1.004, 95% confidence interval as 1.048-1.156, 0.678-0.960, 1.001-1.004, 1.011-1.024, 1.016-1.031, 1.011-1.044, 1.009-1.015, 0.541-0.869, 1.047-1.306, 1.006-1.008, 1.003-1.004, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that cases as male, case with positive HBsAg, AST, GGT, TC, CEA and CA19-9 were independent risk factors for synCRLM in primary colorectal cancer ( odds ratio=1.503, 2.492, 1.018, 1.007, 1.301, 1.005, 1.003, 95% confidence interval as 1.038-2.178, 1.443-4.304, 1.003-1.034, 1.003-1.011, 1.112-1.522, 1.003-1.006, 1.002-1.003, P<0.05), and lymphocytes, ALT and TG were independent protective factors for synCRLM in primary colorectal cancer ( odds ratio=0.777, 0.983, 0.602, 95% confidence interval as 0.608-0.993, 0.966-0.999, 0.421-0.862, P<0.05). Conclusion:Cases as male, case with posotive HBsAg, AST, GGT, TC, CEA and CA19-9 are independent risk factors for synCRLM in primary colorectal cancer, while lymphocytes, ALT and TG are independent protective factors for synCRLM in primary colorectal cancer.

Objective To discuss the effect and safety of modified XELOX regimen for the treatment of colorectal cancer with he-patic metastases.Methods A retrospective analysis on the clinical data in 18 patients with colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases was performed in our hospital.The diagnosis in all patients was confirmed by biopsy and colonoscopy,and the primary lesion was not resected but with at least 2 courses treatment with modified XELOX regimen (intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin changed into ar-terial perfusion and 1-hour slow perfusion with indwelling catheter).The intrahepatic metastases were detected by CT and/or MRI and the primary focus was examined by enteroscopy every 2 months.A follow-up on survival time was performed and the objective response was evaluated in accordance with RECIST criteria.SPSS 1 9.0 was used for an analysis by Kaplan-Meier method.Results (1)Curative effect was evaluated in all 18 patients and TACE has been used for 1 1 5 times.The median OS was 14.0 months with 95% CI (9.6,18.4),and the median PFS was 8.0 months with 95% CI (5.2,10.8)including CR in 2,PR in 7,SD in 4 and PD in 5.The efficiency rate (RP)was 50.0% and the clinical benefit rate (CBR)was 72.2%;(2)The post-treatment adverse reactions mainly included fever,nausea,emesis,pain,impaired liver function,myelosuppression and peripheral sensory neuropathy,most of which were at Level Ⅰ-Ⅱ without treatment-related death.Fever with different degrees occurred in all patients,and nausea and emesis in 13.Pain and abnormal liver function occurred within 3-5 days after TACE with less than Level 2.Conclusion Modified XELOX regimen is practically effective in treating colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases.With a high objective response rate,it can improve patients'living quality and increase excision rate with tolerable adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the association of lipoprotein lipase gene Hind Ⅲ and S447X polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome. Methods PCR-RFLP was used to detect lipoprotein lipase Hind Ⅲ and S447X genotypes in 401 subjects(including 201 controls, 200 metabolic syndrome patients). Results ( 1 ) The levels of waist circumference ( WC ) , hip circumference ( HC ) , waist-to-hip ratio ( WHR ) , body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( DBP) , total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly different between metabolic syndrome group and control group (all P< 0.05). (2)The frequencies of H+H+ genotype,H+allele,SS genotype, and S allele for metabolic syndrome were all significantly higher than those for controls( H+H+ genotype:66. 5% vs 54.2% ,P=0.012; H+ allele:78.0% vs 71.4%, P=0.031;SS genotype:89.5% vs 77. 1% , P = 0.001; Sallel:94.5% vs 87. 56% , P = 0.001). (3) The levels of WC, HC, WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, LDL-C, and FPG in H + H-/H-H- genotype were significantly lower than those in H+H+ genotype, HDL-C was significantly higher than that in H+H+ genotype ( all P<0. 05). The levels of WC, HC, WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, and FPG in SX/XX genotype were significantly lower than those in SS genotype, HDL-C was significantly higher than that in SS genotype ( all P< 0.05). (4)Multi-way logistic regression analysis suggested that risk factors for metabolic syndrome were smoking, drinking, and SS genotype (OR value was 4.289,2.268, and 2. 597, respectively ). (5) Result of interaction analysis among different factors indicated that the risk for metabolic syndrome in smoker with SS genotype was 3. 996 times of non-smokers with SX/XX genotype. Conclusions The lipoprotein lipase gene S447X polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Kazakh, and SS genotype and S allele may serve as genetic risk factors of metabolic syndrome, H + H-/H-H- and SX/XX genotypes yield beneficial effect for lipid and blood pressure. SS genotype and smoking may exist additive effect.

Questionnaire-based survey, physical examination, and blood testing were conducted according to cluster random samplings in Kazakh residents in Xinjiang.2 760 samples were collected to analyze the association of different strata of waist circumference and clustering of metabolic syndrome (MS) components.Accoding to International Diabetes Federation standard, the prevalence of ≥1and ≥2 components of MS showed increasing trend with the increase of waist circunference, and odds ratio of clustering of MS components also increased significantly.The distance of receiver operating characteristic curve was the shortest and the prevalence of MS was 22.1% ;22.4% in men, and 21.9% in women;when the waist circumference was ≥91 cm for men, and ≥88 cm for women.

Objective To study early changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover for prodicting the bone mineral density(BMD) response to alendronate therapy in Chinese men with osteoporosis. Methods Seventy-eight men aged 60 to 82 years with osteoporosis [mean age (69.8 ±11.8) years]were treated with alendronate sodium 70 mg/week for 12 months. Serum bone gla-protein (BGP) and serum pyridinoline-eross-linked earboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) level were measured by chemiluminescence (equipment is Roche E170). Serum BGP, ICTP and BSALP levels were measured before and 3 months and 12 months after treatment. BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE PRODIGY Inc. ) at L1-4 and at the left hip(total hip,trochanter,Ward's area and femoral neck)before and 12 months after treatment. Results After 3-months and 12-months treatment, the percent reductions of serum ICTP levels were 45.8% and 51.6%, serum BGP level 32.0% and 37.5%, serum BSALP level 35. 3% and 39.9% ,respectively. After 12-months treatment, the percent increase of lumbar BMD was 11.8%, femoral neck BMD 11.4 %. The percent reductions of serum ICTP level at months 3 and 12 after treatment were positively correlated to the percent increase of lumbar BMD (r=0.28, 0.295,P <0.05 and P<0.01)and of fermoral neck BMD at 12 months after treatment(r=0.262, 0.333, P＜0.05 and P<0.01)respectively. The percent reductions of serum BGP level at months 3 and 12 after treatment were positively correlated to the percent increase of lumbar BMD (r=0. 322, 0.401,all P<0.01) and of fermoral neck BMD at 12 months after treatment (r=0.277,0.284, all P＜0.05)respectively. The percent reductions of serum BSALP level at months 3 and 12 after treatment were positively correlated to the percent increase of lumbar BMD (r=0.133,0.231,all P＜0.05) and of fermoral neck BMD at 12 months after treatment(r=0.248, 0.317, all P＜0.01)respectively.Conclusions Early changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover rates can predict BMD response to alendronate in Chinese men with osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the best treatment for hepatitis B by observing the efficacy d interferon and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) according to different combination of various quantification of HBV DNA and HBeAg. Methods One hundred and sixty-five hepatitis B antigen-positive patients were divided into four groups (A, B, C, D group) according to different quantification of HBV DNA and HBeAg. Each group was randomly divided into two sub-groups with interferon and the others with ADV. Items were observed in 48 weeks and statistic analysis was made to observe if there was significant difference between two methods in each group. Results There was no difference in the rate of HBV DNA inhibitory activity, HBV DNA clearance and ALT normalization as well as HBV DNA decreasing (level≥2lg copy/ml). But there was significant difference in the rate of HBeAg clearance, HBeAg seroconversion and HBeAg decreasing level ≥500.00 COL/ml (P<0.05). The efficacy decreased following the increasing of HBV DNA and HBeAg quantification, especially in ADV groups. The efficacy of interferon was better in seroconversion rate. Conclusion Quantification of HBV DNA and HBeAg can be the guidance to select different anti-virus methods.

Objective:To identify the immune characteristics elicited by immunogen prepared in two different ways against a 36AA-peptide. Methods：Rabbits were immunized by a 36-AA-hapten coupled with carrier proteins or recombinant fusion protein separately. The kinetics and specificities of antibody responses were compared. Results：After about 3 months of primary immunity, the antisera elicited by two kinds of immunogen reached the peak titer. The highest titer elicited by the immunogen prepared with coupled-hapten method reached 1∶12 000, while the highest titer elicited by the immunogen prepared with gene engineering method was 1∶6 000. But the immune response produced by the recombinant fusion protein was more long-lasting. Conclusion：Both kinds of immunogen can successfully elicit 36-AA specific antibody response in rabbits, which have different immune characteristics. To couple the hapten with vector proteins is a quicker and more effective way to prepare the immunogen.