BACKGROUND:Bone tissue engineering is the most promising way to treat bone defects at present. The key problem is to construct vascular networks which can provide oxygen and nutrients for new bone, and thereby provide a way for the body metabolism. OBJECTIVE:To review the characteristics of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and to introduce the development of composite scaffold materials. METHODS:With the key words of“bone tissue engineering, scaffold, vascularization, composite scaffold”in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search was performed for articles published in CNKI and PubMed databases from January 2001 to January 2014. After the initial screening, the reserved articles were further detailed, summarized and concluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to the different sources, the bone tissue engineering scaffold materials can be divided into artificial materials, natural derivatives and composite scaffold materials. Single scaffold is difficult to be the most ideal material for repair of bone defects, while composite scaffold can make up for the defects of the single scaffold to different degrees. Therefore, in recent years, the bone tissue engineering scaffolds have developed from single to composite scaffolds and there is the trend of organic combination of artificial materials and natural derivatives. However, composite scaffolds have many problems to be solved in the clinical application. The main aspect is to control the proportion of the composite scaffold so that the degradation of materials can be matched with growth of tissues and cells. The other one is to keep the porous and high mechanical strength of the composite scaffold.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the main reason of causing neonatal death and poor prognosis of the nervous system.The treatment of HIE has gone into the era of therapeutic hypothermia,the early,continuous,specification amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG) monitoring for therapeutic hypothermia to screen appropriate cases,assess early the severity of HIE,provide early nerve protection treatment and evaluate the therapeutic efficiency,early intervention and improve the prognosis of the long-term HIE.This paper review the application of aEEG in the therapeutic hypothermia of HIE.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of treatment with microsurgery in combination with local injection of type A botulinum toxin for vocal process granuloma. METHOD: 28 patients with vocal process granuloma received endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. The lesion was removed with micro-scissor and CO2 laster under a self-retaining laryngoscope and microscope. The incision and mucous membrane surrounding the wound was closed with 8-0 absorbable suture. 4-point injection of botulinum toxin type A 8-15 u was then performed along the thyroarytenoid muscle and arytenoid muscle of the same side. Postoperative medication was administered based on disease causes. RESULT: All patients experienced vocal cord dyskinesia of the injected side 2-3 days after surgery. At 1 month after the surgery, wound healing was good in all the 28 patients, and the vocal cord movement was limited at the injected side. At 3 months, movement of the bilateral vocal cords was normal, and the vocal cord process mucosa was smooth. Patients were followed up for more than a year, and only one patient had recurrence in 2 months after surgery. The cure rate was 96. 4%. CONCLUSION Combination of laryngeal microsurgery and type A botulinum toxin local injection can shorten the treatment course of vocal process granuloma.
Anesthesia, General ; Botulinum Toxins ; administration & dosage ; Granuloma ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Injections ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; Laryngeal Muscles ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Laryngoscopes ; Larynx ; Microsurgery ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Vocal Cords ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVE To recognize the frontal recess cells and analyze their distributional characteristics during image navigation assisted endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS 20 cases(39 sides)of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps were observed in this study. The fontal recess cells and frontal sinus were opened under the endoscope and the distributional characteristics were observed and recorded, and then confirmed by the image navigation system. RESULTS Centred on frontal sinus ostium, frontal recess cells were divided into three areas: the agger nasi cell(ANC)and frontal cells(FC)are located in front of frontal sinus ostium(FS); frontal septum cells(IFSSC)and terminal cells(RT)are located at the same plane of FS; supra-ethmoidal bulla recess(SBR), frontal bulla cell(FBC)and super-obital cells(SOEC)are in the posterior area. The coincidence of identification for ANC, FCI and II, SBR, FBC and IFSSC under endoscope and image navigation is 100%, the coincidence of identification for FS is 89.7%, SOEC 80%, RT 71.4% and FC III and IV 60%. CONCLUSION The distribution of the frontal recess cells around the frontal ostium showed a fixed pattern.It would well benefit the orientation of frontal ostium and the opening of frontal sinus. Furthermore, it is significant for the orientation and opening of the frontal recess cells.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who underwent the revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). METHODS 18 cases of severe OSAHS patients (therapy group) were selected for CPAP treatment in the 2nd week of postoperation. The average time of CPAP treatment was 34.3 days. The other 20 cases (control group) onlyunderwent operation. All patients were monitored with PSG before operation and in the 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Compared with the result of pre-operative PSG, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and Lowest SaO2 (LSaO_2) was improved (P＜0.001) in two groups. Compared with control group, LSaO_2 of the therapy group in the sixth month postoperatively was improved (P＜0.001), but the decreasing of AHI was not significant (P＞0.05). Contrast to the control group, the length of stage 1 and 2 decreased and that of REM increased. (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION For severe OSAHS patients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngo plasty, CPAP treatment for one month postoperatively could improve the hypoxia of patients, and prolong REM stage, shorten the stage 1 and 2 sleep. CPAP treatment in short time would be helpful for the severe OSAHS patients with revised UPPP.

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by SLC25A13 gene mutations, and is characterized by delayed jaundice clearance, liver dysfunction, and elevated aminoacidemia. The confirmed diagnosis depends on gene analysis. Citrin deficiency is one of the important causes of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis in China. Recently more and more researches about NICCD were reported. The paper summarized the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and progresses in diagnosis and treatment of NICCD.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect and signaling pathway of ginsenoside Rb1 on myocardial injury in mice with Kawasaki disease.Methods:BALB/C mice aged 5-6 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group, aspirin group, ginsenoside Rb1 low dose group(50 mg/kg) and high dose group(100 mg/kg), with 12 mice in each group.Except the control group, other groups were treated with intermittent intraperitoneal injection of 10% bovine serum albumin saline solution to induce Kawasaki disease myocardial injury pathological model with a total of 6 days(twice a day); aspirin group, Rb1 low and high-dose group were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 20 days after modeling.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) in serum and myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA.The activities of creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in serum were detected by enzyme coupling method.The expression levels of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway related proteins in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot.Results:High dose of Rb1 significantly improved myocardial fiber rupture and tear, inflammatory infiltration and necrosis induced by myocardial injury in model group.ELISA results showed that, compared with the model group, high-dose Rb1 could significantly inhibit the high expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, which were restored to the level of the control group, and there was a dose-dependent relationship between the low and high-dose groups( P<0.05). The results of enzyme coupling method showed that creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotrasferase in Rb1 high-dose group were restored to the level in control group, and there was a dose-dependent relationship between low and high-dose group( P<0.05). At the same time, compared with model group, Rb1 high-dose group significantly down regulated the expression level of cardiac troponin I( P<0.05). Western blot results showed that, compared with the model group, Rb1 significantly increased the relative expression levels of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)/β-actin, and significantly decreased the expression levels of Cleaved caspase-3/β-actin in a dose-dependent manner( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rb1 can effectively reduce the myocardial injury induced by Kawasaki disease mice.The high-dose group of Rb1 can recover to the level of the control group, and the curative effect is related to the dosage of Rb1.Ginsenoside Rb1 may activate JAK2/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, thus down regulate the expression of Cleaved caspase-3, and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation.

Objective To establish a TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection of encephalo-myocarditis virus ( EMCV) .Methods Based on the conservative region of 3D gene of EMCV published in GenBank , a pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed and synthesized .Then a TaqMan real-time PCR assay was set up and the reactive system was optimized .The sensitivity and specificity of the assay was evaluated respectively .The TaqMan real-time PCR assay was then carried out to detect 98 randomly selected swine serum samples and the results were compared with those by using ELISA .Results The Ct value of the templates had a good linear relationship with the log starting quantity , with a correlation coefficient of 0.995.The TaqMan real-time PCR assay was only specific for EMCV and its sensitivity was 100 times higher than that of the ordinary PCR .The coincidence rate between the established assay and the ELISA assay was 98.0%in the detection of 98 blood samples.Conclusion The TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detec-tion of EMCV was successfully established with advantages of high sensitivity and good specificity .It could be used for detection of EMCV and quantitative analysis .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of micro-suture technology in laryngeal surgery. METHOD: Sixty-one patients with benign laryngeal disease underwent microsurgery resection under general anesthesia, and the wound surface of the mucosa was sutured intermittently. RESULT: The postoperative healing time was shortened, the cicatrix on the vocal cord mucosa was reduced, the voice quality was improved significantly and the recurrence rate was reduced. CONCLUSION The micro-suture technology is effective in improving the voice quality and surgery effect significantly.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; surgery ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Sutures ; Vocal Cords ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of image navigation in resection of the ossifying fibroma of paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base with nasal endoscope. METHOD: Fourteen cases with ossifying fibroma involving paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base were underwent intranasal endoscopic surgery under the guidance of image navigation. Sequential nasal sinuses CT scans were obtained before and after operation. CT scans demonstrated that the nasal septum, orbital wall and anterior skull base were involved in every case. The anterior boundary of the frontal recess cells was involved in 10 cases. The lesions were adjacent to the orbital apex and optic canal in 5 cases. The sella turcica and clivus were invaded in 3 cases and the pterygopalatine fossa was invaded in 2 cases. RESULT: The tumors were thoroughly removed in all cases. The average operative time was 280 minutes and the average registration time of navigation was 9 minutes. Postoperation CT scans demonstrated that the tumors were totally resected. CONCLUSION The image-guided endoscopic surgery of the ossifying fibroma of paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base provided accurate tumor resection, increased surgical effectiveness, decreased overall surgical complications.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Fibroma, Ossifying ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Skull Base ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Young Adult