Objective:To observe the effects of toadpoison and arsenic on the ultrastructure of dental pulp,Methods :Dental pulp of 36 teeth in 3 dogs was exposed by operation and then direct dressing with toadpoison paste or arsenic paste was performed. 1,2,6 and 24 hours after operation ,the pulps were processed and examinedunder a trasmission electron microscope (JEM-2000EX). Results:In toadpoison treated group ,the deformityof the basernembrane of pulp nerve ,swelling of metochondrion,degeneration of nerve axite were observed 1 h after dressing,and were more obvious in 2, 6 and 24 h. Damage of capillary and pulp cells were alsoobserved.In arsenic treated group ,swelling and break of capillaries ,deformity and degeneration of mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum in endoepithelial cells were observed,and were more obvious following time lasting. Damages of pulp nerve and pulp cells were also observed. Conclusion:Toadpoison and arsenic are toxic to pulp tissues. But the angiotoxicity of arsenic is stronger than that of toadpoison,the neurotoxicity and protoplasmic toxicity of toadpoison are stronger than those of arsenic.

20mm ,but only 16.3% in

Objective To investigate prevalence and risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse in women underwent routine gynecologic health care in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH).Methods From Jan.2008 to Aug.2009,972 women underwent gynecological health care in PUMCH Were enrolled in this study.Questionnaires and pelfic examinations were given.The pelvic organ prolapse quantitive examination(POP-Q)system was used as the assessment tool.Results (1)Among all participants,the mean ages were(42±10)years(range 22 to 78 years),the mean height were(162±5)cm(range 142 to 180 cm),and the mean weight were(59±8)kg(range 42 to 91 kg).83.8%(815/972)of women were multipara.The mean total vagihal length(TVL)of 972 women was 8.20 cm.No women met the standard of pelvic organ prolapse, while 35.5% (345/972) of women presented mild posterior vaginal descent and 96. 7% (940/972) presented mild anterior vaginal descent, all of them were asymptomatic. (2) The length of genital hiatus (gh), TVL and C, D proximal to the hymen in nullipara were (2.26 ±0. 32), (8.08 ±0. 30), ( - 7.08 ± 0. 24) and ( - 8. 08 ± 0. 30) cm, which were significantly less than ( 2. 33 ± 0. 39 ),( 8. 22 ± 0. 35 ), ( - 7. 14 ± 0. 28 ) and ( - 8. 22 ± 0. 35 ) cm in multipara ( P < 0. 05 ). Ap and Pb proximal to the hymen of ( - 2. 87 ± 0. 22) and ( - 2. 87 ± 0. 22 ) cm in nullipara were significantly larger than ( -2.81 ±0.25) and ( -2.81 ±0.25) cm in multipara (P<0.05). When compared with nullipara, the incidence of posterior and anterior vaginal wall protrusion were increased ( OR = 1. 819). (3) The index of POP-P were compared among women at groups of 22 -34 years, 35 -49 years and more than 50 years (P <0. 05 ). Those index did not show statistical difference between women at group of 22 - 34 years and group of 35 -49 years (P >0. 05). However, those in women at group of 22 -34 years and 35 -49 years showed statistical difference when compared with women at group of more than 50 years ( P < 0. 05 ). When compared with women at group of 22 - 34 years, the incidence of posterior and anterior vaginal wall protrusion were increased ( OR = 1. 713, 3. 765). (4) Menopause status was associated with severities of all kinds of descent ( P < 0. 05 ) and presence of posterior vaginal protrusion ( OR = 3. 354 ). Conclusions Mild anterior and posterior vaginal descent by POP-Q were common among women in China. The risk of anterior vaginal descent is relatively higher than posterior vaginal descent. However, most of the women with descent are asymptomatic and need no treatment. The most important factors associated with the severity and detectable ratio of descent is parity and age.

Objective To study the effects of esmolol on fluid responsiveness and hemodynamic parameters in patients with septic shock.Methods A prospective self-control study was conducted.Fifteen septic shock patients undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Yijishan Hospital from January 2015 to August 2015 were enrolled.All patients enrolled in this study were given the treatment based on American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) Consensus 2012.Esmolol was intravenously injected at a beginning rate of 6 mg·kg-1·h-1, and then the dose was adjusted to reduce heart rate by 10％ from baseline.The changes in hemodynamic and systemic oxygen metabolism indexes were monitored by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) before and 2 hours after the esmolol administration, and the fluid responsiveness was evaluated by stroke volume variation (SVV).SVV ≥ 10％ was considered to be a positive fluid responsiveness.Results In 15 patients, 9 were male and 6 female, with an age of 65 ± 16.Among them 10 patients suffered from pulmonary infection, and 5 patients with abdominal infection.Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score was 21 ±9;sequential organ failure score (SOFA) was 8 ±4.28-day mortality was 40.0％.SVV was significantly decreased after esmolol infusion as compared with baseline [(14 ± 5)％ vs.(17 ±7)％, t =2.400, P =0.031].Heart rate [HR (bpm): 100±4 vs.112±8, t =8.161, P =0.000], cardiac output [CO (L/min):6.13 ± 1.45 vs.7.88 ± 1.82, t =4.046, P =0.001], cardiac index [CI (mL·s-1·m-2): 51.51 ± 11.00 vs.66.18 ± 11.48, t =4.131, P =0.001], stroke volume index [SVI (mL/m2): 31.0 ± 6.4 vs.35.4 ± 6.5, t =2.577, P =0.020], the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise [dp/dt max (mmHg/s): 927±231 vs.1 194±294, t =3.775, P =0.002], global ejection fraction (GEF: 0.21 ±0.05 vs.0.24±0.06, t =3.091, P =0.008), cardiac function index (CFI: 5.03 ± 1.37 vs.6.59 ± 1.92, t =4.769, P =0.000) showed significant decrease during esmolol infusion.On the other hand, central venous pressure [CVP (mmHg, 1 mmHg =0.133 kPa): 9±3 vs.8±3, t =-3.617, P =0.003], diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg: 69± 15 vs.66± 13, t =-2.656, P =0.019), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI, kPa·s·L-1·m-2:206.8±69.8 vs.206.8±69.8, t =-3.255, P =0.006) were significantly increased during esmolol infusion.No significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure [SBP (mmHg): 120 ± 25 vs.123 ± 18, t =0.678, P =0.509],mean arterial pressure [MAP (mmHg): 86 ± 18 vs.85 ± 14, t =-0.693, P =0.500], global end diastolic volume index [GEDVI (mL/m2): 614 ± 84 vs.618 ± 64, t =0.218, P =0.830], extravascular lung water index [EVLWI (mL/kg):5.99±1.50 vs.5.73±1.14, t =-1.329, P =0.205], central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2: 0.711±0.035 vs.0.704 ± 0.048, t =-0.298, P =0.773), arterial blood lactate [Lac (mmol/L): 3.1± 0.3 vs.3.0 ± 0.4, t =-0.997, P =0.345],and difference of central venous-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure [Pcv-aCO2 (mmHg): 4.1 ± 0.9 vs.4.7 ± 0.5,t =1.445, P =0.182] as compared with those before esmolol treatment.Conclusion Heart rate control with esmolol infusion may reduce fluid responsiveness, cardiac function, heart rate and cardiac output without adverse effect on systemic perfusion in septic shock patients.

Linolenic acid containing selenium was synthesized and brought into emul- sion(82). Its aatitumor effects were tested in vitro and in vivo. As a result, when 82 was injected peritoneally into mice(200mg?kg-1?d-1), its inhibitory rate on mouse S180 was 42.6%(P

70%, P143%, p

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Self-Regulatory Fa-tigue Scale (SRF-S)in Chinese young people.Methods:A sample of 553 young people from a university and a state-owned enterprise was administrated with the SRF-S,the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ)and the Dual-Mode Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S).Item analysis was conducted to identify valid items and revise the scale.Then the construct validity of the revised scale was tested through confirmatory factor analysis.Finally,a sam-ple of 238 graduate students was retested two weeks later to examine the reliability of the scale.Results:Item analy-sis showed that the SRF-S had satisfactory item discrimination (r >0.38).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the whole scale had a three-order factor and good construct validity (χ2 /df=5.08,RMSEA =0.09,NFI =0.90, NNFI =0.90,CFI =0.92,IFI =0.92,GFI =0.90)after removing 2 items with factor loadings lower than 0.32,and the range of factor loading was between 0.37 and 0.71.The SRF-S total and subscale scores were positively corre-lated with the scores of negative coping and poor control (r =0.25 -0.58,Ps <0.001),and were negatively associ-ated with the scores of positive coping and good self-Control (r =-0.22 --0.47,Ps <0.001).The Cronbach's αcoefficients were 0.84 for the total scale,and 0.64 to 0.69 for the three subscales,respectively;the test-retest relia-bility coefficients were 0.73 for the total scale,and 0.62 to 0.67 for the three subscales,respectively.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese version of SFR-S could be used as an effective and reliable tool for assessing self-regu-latory fatigue state among Chinese young people.

BACKGROUND: Infection following kidney transplantation has become one of the main reasons for graft failure and death of allograft recipients. However, there is not a standard therapeutic scheme for infection following kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and treatment measures of infection, additionally, to increase the cure rate of infection following kidney transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospectively analysis was performed at the Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College from February 2006 to February 2008.PARTClPANTS: Eighteen cases of infections in 84 kidney allograft recipients.METHODS: All cases were checked by chest X-ray. Patients who had no significant lung infection symptoms or obvious signs received lung CT scan. Pathogen detection was performed, including hemoculture, urine culture, sputum culture, nose swabs culture, throat swab culture, checking clinically important cytomegalovirus (CMV), EB-DNA and mycoplasma in blood, acid-fast bacilli and eumycete culture in sputum. All cases of pulmonary infection underwent a comprehensive treatment-antiviral drugs, antibiotics and antifungal. Depending on the individual condition and absolute values of lymphocytes and CD4+T cells, the immunosuppressant was adjusted individually. The occurrence time, clinical symptom, auxiliary examination and treatment strategies were analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence time of infection and clinical symptoms; imaging manifestation and results of pathogenic detection; selection of antibiotics and immunosuppressant adjustment.RESULTS: Among 18 cases, 11 cases (61.2%) were deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients. Inflection following kidney transplantation occurred in 12 cases (66.7%) within 3 months, and increased to 15 cases (83.3%) within 3-6 months. Of the 18 infection cases, 14 cases (77.8%) had a main symptom of fever. There were 15 cases (83.3%) of respiratory tract infection, including 13 cases (72.2%) of pulmonary infection. Fungal cultivation, especially Monilia, was positive in 6 cases. Three out of the 18 cases (16.7%) died, two of whom had CMV infection. Mixed infection occurred in all cases.CONCLUSION: Infected patients following kidney transplantation present with diversity pathogens, which are dominated by bacteria, fungus and virus. Severe pneumonia combined with CMV infection demonstrates that poor prognosis, fungal and virus infection following kidney transplantation should be given more attention. Combined de-escalation therapy is the main method, and timely adjustment and even discontinuance of immunosupprassive agents is one of the key points in the treatment of infection following kidney transplantation

Objective To investigate the clinical applications of the chain locking-type tension bands. Methods89 cases with patellar bone fractures,27 olecranal fractures patients,18 patients with fractures of surgical neck of humerus,16 patients with dislocation of the acromioclavicular joints and 12 patients with clavicular lateral fractures were treated with chain locking-type tension bands. ResultsTheResultsshowed that all patients wound were postoperative first intention.The healing time of the fractures were 6 ～ 18 months(average 10 months).The Kirschner's pins lapping,steel wire breaks and tension bands out of control were not found. ConclusionCompared with the traditional tension bands,the chain locking-type tension bands had stronger stability,stress distribution more even and less complications.

This study examined the methylation difference in AIRE and RASSF1A between maternal and placental DNA, and the implication of this difference in the identification of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and in prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21. Maternal plasma samples were collected from 388 singleton pregnancies, and placental or chorionic villus tissues from 112 of them. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by fluorescent quantitative PCR (MSRE + PCR) were employed to detect the maternal-fetal methylation difference in AIRE and RASSF1A. Diagnosis of trisomy 21 was established according to the ratio of fetal-specific AIRE to RASSF1A in maternal plasma. Both methods confirmed that AIRE and RASSF1A were hypomethylated in maternal blood cells but hypermethylated in placental or chorionic villus tissues. Moreover, the differential methylation for each locus could be seen during the whole pregnant period. The positive rates of fetal AIRE and RASSF1A in maternal plasma were found to be 78.1% and 82.1% by MSP and 94.8% and 96.9% by MSRE + PCR. MSRE + PCR was superior to MSP in the identification of fetal-specific hypermethylated sequences (P<0.05). Based on the data from 266 euploidy pregnancies, the 95% reference interval of the fetal AIRE/RASSF1A ratio in maternal plasma was 0.33-1.77, which was taken as the reference value for determining the numbers of fetal chromosome 21 in 102 pregnancies. The accuracy rate in 98 euploidy pregnancies was 96.9% (95/98). Three of the four trisomy 21 pregnancies were confirmed with this method. It was concluded that hypermethylated AIRE and RASSF1A may serve as fetal-specific markers for the identification of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and may be used for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21.