The purpose of our studies was to investigate the relation between the condition of the adrenal and the growth of Sarcoma 180 (S_(180)) in mice. The hybrid Swiss mice were used and divided into four groups: (1) the normal mice for control, male and female, each one half, (2) testectomized mice, (3) female mice with natural resistance to S_(180), (4) S_(180)-bearing mice. The tissue slices of adrenal were stained with H. E. method. The adranal cortex was subdivided into eight zones according as I. C. Jones' opinion. The area of each zone in the cortex was measured by microscope and the weight of each adrenal was obtained with the 10~(-4) scales. The results of our studies are explained as follows:1. When the body weight of the normal adult mice increased, the adrenal weight did not increase. But there was obvious difference of adrenal weights between the normal adult male and female, the former was smaller and the later was larger.2. After S_(180) was implanted into the mice, the adrenal weight rapidly and markedly increased with the growth of S_(180) (P

Objective:To assess the effects of a 12-month vitamin D 3 intervention on cognitive function and blood inflammatory cytokines in subjects with Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods:Two hundred and ten AD patients were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups, with 105 patients in each group.The intervention group received vitamin D 3 800 U/day and the control group received a placebo for 12 months.Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and placebo on cognitive performance and blood inflammatory cytokines at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Results:During the follow-up, serum 25(OH)D 3( F=712.086, P<0.001)and 1, 25(OH) 2D 3( F=372.038, P<0.001)concentrations in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Changes in FSIQ, VIQ and PIQ between the groups, between different time points and with interaction between the variables taken into account were statistically significant(all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, interleukin-6(IL-6)( F=341.344, P<0.001)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)( F=9.580, P<0.001)levels in the intervention group were significantly decreased, and the ratio of Aβ40 to Aβ42 was increased( F=4.617, P=0.010). There were interaction effects between group and time.Except for intervention effects, the baseline concentration of 25(OH)D 3 was positively correlated with scores of FSIQ( β=0.016, P=0.031)and VIQ( β=0.017, P=0.031). Conclusions:Daily oral vitamin D 3 supplementation(800 U/day)for 12 months may improve cognitive function and change inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients with AD.

Background::To date, there is no effective medicine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the antiviral efficacy of arbidol in the treatment for COVID-19 remained equivocal and controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbidol tablets in the treatment of COVID-19.Methods::This was a prospective, open-label, controlled and multicenter investigator-initiated trial involving adult patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients were stratified 1:2 to either standard-of-care (SOC) or SOC plus arbidol tablets (oral administration of 200 mg per time, three times a day for 14 days). The primary endpoint was negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week. The rates and 95% confidential intervals were calculated for each variable.Results::A total of 99 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled; 66 were assigned to the SOC plus arbidol tablets group, and 33 to the SOC group. The negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week in patients receiving arbidol tablets was significantly higher than that of the SOC group (70.3% [45/64] vs. 42.4% [14/33]; difference of conversion rate 27.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7%-48.1%; P = 0.008). Compared to those in the SOC group, patients receiving arbidol tablets had a shorter duration of clinical recovery (median 7.0 days vs. 12.0 days; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.877, 95% CI: 1.151-3.060, P = 0.006), symptom of fever (median 3.0 days vs. 12.0 days; HR: 18.990, 95% CI: 5.350-67.410, P < 0.001), as well as hospitalization (median 12.5 days vs. 20.0 days; P < 0.001). Moreover, the addition of arbidol tablets to SOC led to more rapid normalization of declined blood lymphocytes (median 10.0 days vs. 14.5 days; P > 0.05). The most common adverse event in the arbidol tablets group was the elevation of transaminase (5/200, 2.5%), and no one withdrew from the study due to adverse events or disease progression. Conclusions::SOC plus arbidol tablets significantly increase the negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week and accelerate the recovery of COVID-19 patients. During the treatment with arbidol tablets, we find no significant serious adverse events.Trial registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, NCT04260594, www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04260594?term= NCT04260594&draw=2&rank=1

A new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed. We aim to examine the associations of MAFLD, particularly its discordance from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with the progression of elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and albuminuria in a community-based study sample in Shanghai, China. After 4.3 years of follow-up, 778 participants developed elevated baPWV and 499 developed albuminuria. In comparison with the non-MAFLD group, the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) of MAFLD group for new-onset elevated baPWV was 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.55) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.07-1.70) for albuminuria. Participants without NAFLD but diagnosed according to MAFLD definition were associated with higher risk of incident albuminuria (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.07-2.94). Patients with MAFLD with high value of hepamet fibrosis score or poor-controlled diabetes had higher risk of elevated baPWV or albuminuria. In conclusion, MAFLD was associated with new-onset elevated baPWV and albuminuria independently of body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Individuals without NAFLD but diagnosed as MAFLD had high risk of albuminuria, supporting that MAFLD criteria would be practical for the evaluation of long-term risk of subclinical atherosclerosis among fatty liver patients.
Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Albuminuria ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis* ; Vascular Stiffness ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology*

To analyze the factors affecting the cost of hospitalization for patients and provide insights using the intrauterine lesion surgery group (DRG code NE19) as an example.