Objective To keep the homeostasis of pressure grad, temperature and humidity among every area, and to ensure the protective effect of engineering barrier in biology safety. Methods DDC was used in the control system based on the transducer and special data collection equipment, and the figure monitoring system was established. The computer was used to save and process the data of real time and then the related output devices were regulated according to the situation. The alarm will be sounded if any data is out of the limit. Results The system could collect real-time simulation quantity signal of pressure, temperature, humidity, resistance, device work condition and so on in every area in laboratory, such as air-condition, air filter, fan and electric-performer's start-stop(operate) state. The alarm information was showed by CRT coloured dynamic emulational figure. Monitoring center could rework the local control parameters through the DDC controller, the system could adjust the device output automatically. Monitoring center could make alert automatically and the tache and causation were displayed then the operator could deal with the alert message according to the user grade. Conclusion The automatic control system introduced in this article can observe the indoor environment state and control the running parameters of the device availably and immediately. It can meet the requirement of laboratory biological safety.

In order to obtain the bifunctional chimeric molecule of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) which can inhibit platelet aggregation, PRGDWR peptide was inserted into the site between Gly 118 and Leu119 (called insertion mutant B, InB). The recombinant gene of InB was expressed by Pichia pastoris. The secreted protein was purified by metal chelate affinity and strong cation exchange chromatography. The amidolytic ability of mutant InB is 5 900 IU/mg, the kinetic constants is: KInB m,plg=56.8 μmol*L-1，kInBcat,plg=0.33 s- 1. The kinetic constants of plasminogen activation reaction is: KInB m,plg=0.397 μmol*L-1，kInBcat,plg=0.0164 s-1. Fibrin inhibit the catalytiv ability of InB during plasminogen activatio n, the influence factor is 0.463(means InB remain 46.3% of the catalytic abili ty when fibrin was involved in the reaction system). The mutant not only has alm ost the same catalytic ability as wild type scu-PA, but also has strong ability of anti-platelet aggregation(compared with scu-PA), IC50 of InB is 12.7 μmol*L-1.

Because the influence of fibrin on the reaction of plasm inogen activation by various plasminogen activators is different, the kinetic co nstant of the reaction of plasminogen activation catalyzed by InB with and witho ut fibrin were detected. The result is: Kfibrinm＝4.2 μmol*L -1，greater than the normal Km=0.379 μmol*L-1; kfib rincat＝0.107 s-1，greater than the normal kcat=0.0165 s-1. The results suggest that existence of fibrin in the reaction system of plasminogen activation depress the affinity between InB and plasminog en, but accelerates the hydrolysis of plasminogen by InB. The count up effect is inhibition.

Objective To observe the results and side effects of radiotherapy(RT) combined with hyperthermia(HT) for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with lesion(T) ≥5?cm in diameter.Methods Patients conforming to T≥5?cm or T volume ≥125?cm~3 in the lung and other required eligibilities were given RT and HT.The temperature of HT in the center of Ts was automatically programmed between 43.0℃ and 43.5℃ by a computer.RT dose of D_T60-66?Gy was delivered in 30-33 fractions with in 1 hour after HT.Results From October 2001 to April 2004,30 patients were registered for this study.Among all patients,23 males and 7 female with median age of 61 years(32-81);22 squamous cancer and 8 adenocarcinoma type;6 stage Ⅰb,1 Ⅱb,10 Ⅲa,8 Ⅲb and 5 Ⅳ lesions.The mean volumes of T was 275.45?cm~3(125-900?cm~3).The mean number of HT given was 7.2 times(2-14).The mean irradiation dose was 59.10?Gy(23.96-9.67?Gy).Five out of 30 patients were dropped from this trial due to reasons un-related to acute side effects of RT or HT.None complained of breathlessness or aggravation of respiratory symptom during heating.No change had been observed in blood pressure,pulse or frequency of breath before or after HT,nor was there any hardening of subcutaneous fatty tissue as well as lipid nodules or severer than grade Ⅲ acute irradiation side effects.Complete response was observed in 23%,partial response in 50%,no change or progression in 27%.Loco-regional control rate was 83% with a median of median locoregional duration of 19.2 months.Eleven patients had died,including 2 of hemoptysis.The median survival duration was 19.7 months and 1-year survival rate was 75%.Conclusions Radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia modal can be used for NSCLC with primary lesion≥5?cm as it carries better efficiency and loco-regional control without server side effects.

Objective To explore the indications and attention points in one-stage thyroidectomy and bilateral neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma.Methods The clinical and pathological data of 68 thyroid carcinoma patients treated with one-stage thyroidectomy and bilateral neck dissection from Jan 1990 to Dec 2005 were reviewed retrospectively.Results There was no operative death in this series.Of the 68 patients,60 had bilateral and 4 had unilateral positive lymph nodes;4 had negative lymph nodes.The metastatic rate of patients who had unilateral thyroid cancer with contralateral cervical enlarged lymph nodes,bilateral thyroid cancer with unilateral cervical lymph nodes and isthmus cancer with lymph nodes was 100%(7/7),90%(9/10) and 66.67%(4/6) respectively.Postoperative complications include 7 cases of facial and flap edema,2 headache,5 postoperative hoarseness,7 temporary hypoparathyroidism,1 permanent hypoparathyroidism,1 left chylus fistula,and 3 unilateral accessory nerve injury.Conclusions The patients with unilateral thyroid cancer and enlarged contralateral neck lymph nodes,with bilateral thyroid cancer and unilateral cervical lymph nodes,and with isthmus cancer and enlarged lymph nodes are high-risk patient of bilateral neck metastasis,and should be treated with one stage thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical lymph node dissection.The procedure is safe,no serious postoperative complications occurred,and the survival rate and life quality can be improved.

Objective To measure the level of diamine oxidase (DAO), and observe the intestinal motor and mucosal barrier injury after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods A total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into SCI group (group A, n=15), sham group (group B, n=15) and control group (group C, n=15). SCI model was established with Allen's strike mode (10 g × 25 mm) by striking T10 spinal segment in rats. One day, three days and seven days after SCI, hind limb motor function was assessed with Basso-Beat-tie-Bresnahan (BBB) Scale in each group, the myoelectric slow wave and ileum smooth muscle contractility were measured in rats, ileum tis-sues were tested with HE staining, and the DAO content of serum was tested with ELISA kit. Results One day, three days and seven days af-ter SCI, the BBB score was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C (P<0.001). One day, three days after SCI, the frequency and amplitude of both slow wave and contractility were lower in group A than in groups B and C (P<0.05);seven days after SCI, there was no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05). Group A showed ileal mucosal edema, lodging, inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal gap increase. The Chiu's score of intestinal mucosal injury was higher in group A than in groups B and C (P<0.05), as well as the serum DAO content one day and three days after SCI (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found in the serum DAO content among three groups seven days after SCI (P>0.05). Conclusion Serum DAO content may respond to the intestinal motor function and mu-cosal injury after acute SCI in rats.

Two pedigrees are reported here including two siblings and a boy who were diagnosed with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome type 3 (AGS3) caused by compound heterozygous variation of RNASEH2C gene. Prenatal gene diagnosis was performed when their mothers were pregnant again. All three cases presented with epilepsy, microcephaly, muscular hypertonia and severe language, motor and mental retardation. In pedigree 1, genetic analysis showed compound heterozygous variants of c.194G>A (p.Gly65Asp) and c.434G>T (p.Arg145Leu) in the RNASEH2C gene of proband 1 and her younger brother, which were inherited from their mother and father respectively. While in pedigree 2, c.194G>A(p.Gly65Asp) and c.227C>T(p.Pro76Leu) compound heterozygous variants in the RNASEH2C gene were found in proband 2, which were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. Diagnosis of AGS3 was confirmed in these three cases based on their medical history and the testing results. The mothers from the two families underwent prenatal diagnosis in their subsequent pregnancy, and the variation only inherited from the mothers was detected, suggesting that the two fetuses are carriers. Both families chose to continue the pregnancy and delivered at full-term. No growth or development abnormalities were reported in the children during a one-year follow-up.

This study was aimed to explore the effect of Tang-Nai-Kang (TNK) on trans-differentiation of renal tubular epithelial cell in KKAy mice in order to discuss the possible mechanism. Fifty 12-week-old male KKAy mice were randomly divided into the model group, valsartan group, TNK high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose group, with 10 rats in each group. Ten C57BL/6J mice were used in the normal group. Rats in the model group and normal group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Rats in other groups were given the corresponding drugs. After 8 weeks of gavage administration, kidneys of all mice were sampled and given Mosson and PAS dyeing. Expression distribution of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin in kidney tissues were observed under immunohistochemical staining. Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was measured by western blot. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the area of renal fibrosis in the model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01); the expression of α-SMA was stronger; and the expression of E-cadherin was weaker. Compared with the model group, the area of renal fibrosis in the valsartan group, TNK high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose groups were significantly decreased (P< 0.01); the expression of α-SMA was weaker (P< 0.01);and the expression of E-cadherin was obviously increased (P < 0.05). The TGF-β1 expression in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the TGF-β1 expression in the valsartan group, TNK low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose groups were significantly lowered (P<0.01). And the TGF-β1 expression in the TNK high-dose group was even lower than that in the valsartan group. It was concluded that TNK was able to suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cell, and lessen the renal tubule interstitial fibrosis, in order to protect the kidney.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the response rate and adverse reactions of xeloda, an analogue of 5-fluorouracil, in the treatment of relapsed and metastatic breast cancer.

METHODSTwenty-two breast cancer patients who had recurrent and metastatic measurable foci were treated from Dec. 1999 to Feb. 2000. Xeloda was given, as a single drug, at a dose of or 2,510 mg/m2/d, bid, for two weeks followed by one week rest as one cycle, at least for one cycle in each patient.

RESULTSAmong these 22 patients, there was no complete response. Rates of partial response 8(36.4%), stable disease 10(45.5%), progressive disease 4(18.2%), and clinical benefit response (CR + PR + SD) 18(81.8%). The response rate in patients who had failed in previous chemotherapy of taxanes and/or anthracycline was 30.0%-33.3%. The common adverse reactions were hand-foot syndrome, skin pigmentation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and fatigue. Mild-moderate anemia and leukopenia were observed in 36.4% of patients. Stomatitis, dizziness, diarrhea and chest distress were present in some. One patient developed degree IV myelosuppression. Total bilirubin and alanine transaminase (ALAT) mild elevation occurred in a few patients.

CONCLUSIONXeloda is an effective drug in the treatment of patients with relapsed and metastatic breast cancer, especially for those who have failed in chemotherapy with taxanes and/or anthracycline. Xeloda is well tolerated but has mild adverse reactions.

Adult ; Aged ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Capecitabine ; Deoxycytidine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

An immunological surrogate endpoints is a vaccine-induced immune response (either humoral or cellular immune) that predicts protection against clinical endpoints (infection or disease), and can be used to evaluate vaccine efficacy in clinical vaccine trials. Compared with field efficacy trials observing clinical endpoints, immunological vaccine trials could reduce the sample size or shorten the duration of a trial, which promote the license and development of new candidate vaccines. For these reasons, establishing immunological surrogate endpoints is one of 14 Grand Challenges of Global Health of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. From two parts of definition and statistical methods for evaluation of surrogate endpoints, this review provides a more comprehensive description.
Biomarkers ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Research Design ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology