Nitrogen balance of normal developed, healthy preschool children 4-7 yrs old, lodged in the kindergartens was studied. 105 preschool children were divided into 15 groups at different protein intakes ranged from 6.28g /MJ to 10.35g/MJ. Prominant correlationship was shown between the intake of protein g/MJ (x) and the retained nitrogen g/kg (y), r= 0.6709, n= 15, p

Objective To study the method and nursing measurements of the detection of portal venous pressure. Method The implantable drug delivery system was performed during the operation in 31 patients with liver cancer. The direct dynamic observation was performed by using the system and the corresponding nursing measurement was given. Result The measurement of portal venous pressure was successful performed 251 times in 31 cases with liver cancer and no complications were taken place. Conclusions The dynamic observation of portal venous of pressure by using the implantable drug delivery system was simple. Safety and could be repeated and could easily be receipted by the cases, the nurses skilled measured the key points of nursing and actively prevented the complications was taken implant role in increasing the rate of success of detection .

Three kinds of fortified biscuits and bread were given as breakfast for 5 months to 106 preschool children 4-6 years old lodged in a kindergarten, with a control group taking common biscuits and bread without fortification. 6 g protein and 160 kcal were supplied by 50 g of fortifed foods in which 0.25 g lysine, 0.25 g lysine and 0.8 mg riboflavin, and cod liver oil and calcium in addition to lysine and riboflavin were fortified respectively. The results showed that a diet with intake of 2.1 g protein and 71 kcal/kg body weight fortified on the average by 228 mg lysine or 228 mg lysine and 1.1 mg riboflavin increased the monthly increment of body weights, heights, and urinary excretions of creatinine per day. There was also a tendency of improvement, in nitrogen retention. The urinary excretion of riboflavin in load test was increased in the group taking the second kind of fortified foods.

Fifty-four children, aged 1.5-3.5 years, were selected from a nursery and divided into three groups. To the children in group 1 multivitamin fortified formular milk powder of Hai-He brand (70g daily) was given as a supplementary food in addition to the normal diet and whole milk powder of Hai-He brand was given to group 2 as another supplementary food. The third group served as control. This observation was lasted for three months. At the end of the third month, the increments of body weight of the children, tricep skinfold and circumference of upper arm of group 1 were higher than those of group 3 significantly, but there were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2. The hemoglobin content of group 1 increased by 0.8g/dl but group 2 and 3 decreased by 0.53g/dl and 0.72g/dl respectively. At the end of our observation, the concentrations of vitamin B1, C and PP in urine of group 1 were higher than those of other two groups by vitamin load test.Thus, we may consider that the multivitamin fortified milk powder is better than the whole milk powder in improving the vitamin and iron nutritional status of young children.

Objective To evaluate the application of high-throughput shell vial assay in a clinical laboratory for detection of respiratory viruses from patients with ILI in Guangzhou between January and June, 2009. Methods Six hundred and fifty-two pharyngeal swab specimens were taken from ILI patents. Centrifugation-enhanced shell vials including 4 cell lines (MDCK, Hep-2, LLC-MK2 and MRC-5) were used for culture of respiratory viruses for 2-3 days. The cultures were identified by observation of cytopathic effect (CPE) , hemmaglution or hemmadsorption test as well as immunofluorescence staining. Results A total of 161 swab samples (24.69% ,161/652) were shown to have any one of the 5 common respiratory viruses including influenza A viruses ( 38. 51% , 62/161 ), influenza B virus ( 54. 65% , 88/161 ), parainfluenza viruses (4. 96% , 8/161 ) , adenovirus ( 1. 24% , 2/161 ), and respiratory syncytial virus (0. 62% ,1/161). The turnaround time was 2d for influenza viruses, 3d for adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses respectively. Conclusions (1) The shell vial method was effective, rapid and high throughout for the detection of respiratory viruses in clinical laboratories.(2)Influenza viruses were dominant in the swab samples from patients with ILI in Guangzhou between January and June with the highest appearance in the summer influenza B vires was the most common pathogen in patients with ILI in this study.

Objective To explore the CT imaging features of solid pseudo- papillary tumor of pancreas (SPTP) and the diagnostic value of dual-enhanced scanning in SPTP. Methods CT imaging data of 38 cases with SPTP confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed, among whom there were 20 cases who had underwent dual-phases enhanced scanning and 18 cases who had underwent three-phases enhanced, the CT imaging features of the tumors,enhancement degree and the enhancement peak phase of tumors′solid composition were observed. Results All the tumors were single.Tumor located in the head of pancreas in 14 cases, in the neck in 4 cases,in the body in 8 cases, in the tail in 7 cases, in the body-tail of border in 4 cases,and 1 case in the head-neck of border.The size of tumors was 2.4+7.8 cm;tumor of 12 cases was solid mainly,of 24 cases was solid and cystic,and of 2 cases was cystic mainly. Enhancement was uneven. The solid composition showed mild-to-moderate reinforcement, and the enhanced peak stage was in portal vein phase or delay phase.Conclusions There are some characteristics in CT imaging findings of SPTP, CT imaging combined with clinical characteristics can make an accurate diagnosis before operation. The diagnosis accuracy of SPTP with MSCT through dual- phases enhancement scaning and the three- phases enhancement shows no difference,and the former scaning technology can reduce the received effective radiation dose of patients and improve the efficiency of examining.It is worth of promoting.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the influencing factors on unplanned shutdown of continuous blood purification, and to provide reference basis for the prevention of unplanned shutdown.Methods:The literatures related to the influencing factors of unplanned shutdown of continuous blood purification in CNKI, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database, PubMed and Web of Science were searched.The retrieval time of Chinese database was from the establishment of the database to March 2021.English databases were searched from March 2016 to March 2021.Literature selection, quality evaluation and data extraction were independently conducted by two researchers, and Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 14.0 software.Results:A total of 11 studies were included, including 3 031 cases of continuous blood purification treatment and 1 412 cases of unplanned discontinuation.The combined OR value and 95% CI of all influencing factors were as follows: treatment mode 2.22 (1.06-4.62), blood flow velocity 0.91 (0.776-1.09), agitation 4.54 (2.33-8.86), ventilator 2.67 (1.63-4.38), transfusing blood products and fat milk 1.07 (0.34-3.36), one-time catheter success 0.26 (0.05-1.42), catheterization site (femoral vein vs.jugular vein) 2.24 (0.83-6.02). Conclusion:Unplanned deplaning is influenced by many factors.Treatment mode, agitation and ventilator use are the risk factors for unplanned deplaning.There is no correlation between blood flow velocity, transfusing blood products and fat milk, one-time catheterization success, catheterization site and unplanned deplaning.

Objective To explore the prevalence and characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus infection （OBI） among blood donors in Huzhou region. Methods A total of 31 348 blood donors collected from October 2018 to February 2020 were selected for detecting HBV infection markers by serological and nucleic acid detection techniques. According to the detection results， 27 cases of HBsAg double negative （two kinds of reagent detection）， nucleic acid amplification technology （NAT） positive samples were identified as the occult HBV infection group （OBI group）； 25 cases of HBsAg double positive （two kinds of reagent detection）， NAT positive samples were identified as dominant HBV infection group， respectively. HBV nucleic acid quantitative detection， serum hepatitis B three line markers， liver function markers detection， and the results of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results There were 31 034 HBsAg negative blood donors， 27 of whom were HBV-DNA positive， and the prevalence of OBI was 0.87 ‰. Six kinds of serology were found in 27 OBI patients， among which 25 cases （92.6%） were HBcAb， 17 cases （63.0%） were HBsAb， 17 cases （63.0%） were HBeAb， 15 cases （55.6%） were HBcAb and HBsAb， and 14 cases （51.9%） were HBcAb and HBeAb. There was no significant difference in gender， HBcAb positive rate， TBI， AST and ALT between the two groups （ P >0.05）. There were significant differences in age and HBsAb level （ χ ²=1.201， P <0.001； t =28.336， P <0.001）， and the average viral load was （25.86±19.68） IU/mL， which was significantly lower than the average viral load of the control group （3 254.65±535.98）IU/mL（ t =32.412， P <0.01）. Conclusion There is a certain prevalence of OBI in blood donors in Huzhou area. The main kinds of serology are HBcAb and HBsAb. Serological detection combined with nucleic acid detection can ensure the safety of blood transfusion and reduce the risk of blood borne diseases.

【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among blood donors in Huzhou, and to analyze the viral load and molecular characteristics of OBI. 【Methods】 45 368 blood samples were screened by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HBV infection from October 2018 to February 2020 in our center. HBsAg-/NAT+ blood donors were studied as experimental group, contemporary HBsAg+ /NAT+ donors as the control. The serum viral nucleic acids of the two groups were extracted, and HBV DNA copies were detected by real-time PCR, the differences between the two groups were compared. The S region gene of the virus was amplified and sequenced by Nested PCR, then compared with the reference sequence of HBV wild type, in order to confirm the genotyping and molecular mutation characteristics of S region. 【Results】 36 samples were confirmed as OBI (0.08%, 36 / 45 368). The HBV DNA load of 8 samples was lower than the detection limit, and the average HBV DNA load of other 28 samples was (42.3±1.24) IU / mL, which was significantly lower than that of the controls (3.32±1.94) ×10⁴ IU / mL(P<0.05). Among the 28 OBI samples, 20 were type B (71.43%), and 8 were type C (28.57%). The frequency of amino acid variation in HBsAg epitopes was significantly higher in OBI than in MHR(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The viral load of OBI blood donors in Huzhou, mainly genotype B, is low, and the variation sites were mainly focused in HBsAg epitope and amino acid region (124~147).

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics of gene mutation in S region of blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) in Huzhou area. 【Methods】 A total of 60 107 blood samples in Huzhou between October 2018 and June 2020 were collected by our blood station. Among them, 52 samples were NAT, yield and their epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Twenty-seven OBI out of the 52 NAT yield samples were included in experimental group. Other eight HBV-infected individuals with positive HBsAg, core antibody (anti-HBc) and HBV-DNA were selected as positive control. Liver function and 5 serological markers of HBV were compared between the two groups, and HBV genotypes and amino acid mutation in S region in the two groups were analyzed. 【Results】 The number of NAT-yield samples were different by gender, age, and educational background (P<0.05). In 18~30 aged donor population, the number of NAT-yield samples were significantly more in males than in females (P<0.05). No significant differences in liver function indicators, e antigen (HBeAg), and anti-HBc were noticed between the two group (P>0.05). Surface antigen (HBsAg) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while surface antibody (anti-HBs) and e antibody (anti-HBe) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Twenty sequences in S region were obtained from the experimental group, including 4 in S region and 16 in preSS region; 16 cases with type C and 4 cases with type B. 【Conclusion】 The follow-up of NAT-yield blood donors in Huzhou area should be conducted. Compared with HBV infected individuals with positive HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV-DNA, those with OBI have a higher gene mutation rate in S region.