Objective: To explore the factors affecting the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) among HIV/AIDS patients, so as to provide insights into developing HAND prevention measures. Methods: HIV/AIDS patients aged 18 years and above in the Infection Department of Nanjing Second Hospital were selected.Demographic data, treatment regimen and blood biochemical indicators were collected. Depression was evaluated using Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, frailty was evaluated using Chinese version of Tilburg Frailty Indicator, and HAND was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Factors affecting HAND were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 440 questionnaires were allocated and 426 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.82%. The median age of patients investigated was 33.00 (interquartile range, 10.00) year. There were 407 males, accounting for 95.54%; 232 patients with bachelor degree or above, accounting for 54.46%; 171 patients with HAND, accounting for 40.14%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that educational level (bachelor degree or above, OR=0.291, 95%CI: 0.157-0.541), depression (OR=2.499, 95%CI: 1.530-4.083), frailty (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.307-3.441) and treatment regimen including efavirenz (OR=2.223, 95%CI: 1.367-3.615) were the influencing factors for HAND among HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion Educational level, depression, frailty and use of efavirenz may be associated with HAND risk.

Objective To observe the distribution and the effect of the quantum dots(QDs) on mouse abdominal cavity macrophages.Methods The QDs were co-cultured with mouse abdominal cavity macrophages in vitro.The differentiation and effect of the QDs on macrophage ultrastructures were observed under electronic microscope. Results The QDs were enveloped with unit membrane and internalized in the cytoplasm of the macrophage under transmission electron microscope.And it formed vacuolelike structures in the macrophage.There were many lamellar processes on the surface of the macrophage under scanning electron microscope.Conclusion The QDs can promote macrophage activation,and make its surface projection increased.The QDs were internalized by the macrophage,distributed in the cytoplasm,and formed vacuolelike structures enveloped with unit membrane.

ucting the students to correct their attitudes to-ward learning, consolidate the professional thinking, intensify their critical thinking awareness, then further improve the masters' ability of critical thinking.

Age impact in mouse model of secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcus was investigated in this research . Twenty-nine 8-week-old ,twenty-five 18-week-old and twenty-five 28-week-old female mice were anesthetized with 20% ure-thane by intraperitoneal injection and then transhepatically injected by Echinococcus multilocularis (E .m) tissue suspension through skin incision and abdominal muscle to liver in all three groups to establish mouse model of secondary hepatic alveolar e-chinococcus .Results showed that the survival rates for the three groups of mice were 62 .1% ,84% and 68% ,respectively (P>0 .05) .The E .m infection rates in liver were 72 .2% ,71 .4% and 76 .5% ,respectively (P>0 .05) .The diameter of E .m cysts in liver were 0 .915 ± 0 .103 cm ,1 .247 ± 0 .112 cm and 1 .215 ± 0 .197 cm ,respectively (P>0 .05) .The mass of E .m cysts in liver were 0 .332 ± 0 .035 g ,0 .532 ± 0 .155 g and 0 .382 ± 0 .085 g ,respectively (P> 0 .05) .HE stain showed no difference in pathology .Results indicated that the establishment of secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcus model by using transhepatic injection through skin incision and abdominal muscle of 18-week-old mice was capable of simplifying operation and improving the survival rate of the mice .

This study retrospectively reviewed 9 cases of complicated hepatic cystic hydatidosis with intrabiliary rupture who were surgically treated with pericystectomy in combination with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in our hospital from 2004 to 2010. The clinical features, results of laboratory tests, B-mode ultrasonography and CT, post-operative recovery, days of hospital stay after the operation and post-operative complications were statistically analyzed and the patients were followed up. The subjects in our series included 7 males and 2 females, whose average age was 50.78±7.58 years. Before operation, 9 patients suffered from pain of the right upper quadrant and jaundice, which, in 4 cases (44.45%), were accompanied with fever and chills. Preoperative B-mode ultrosonography and CT showed that all the 9 patients had single hydatid cyst, with their diameter being 9.33±1.58 cm on average. The lesions involved segments V, VI in 6 cases, and segment IV in 3 cases. By WHO classification, 7 cases were classified as CE3 and 2 cases as CE4. They all had choledochectasia. The subjects underwent the surgery uneventfully. Intraoperatively, 2-4 biliary fistula orifices were found, with the average of the orifice being (0.79±0.20) cm. After the operation, one patient developed incision infection, one had pulmonary infection and one suffered from reflux cholangitis. No anastomotic leaks or peri-operative deaths took place and follow-up revealed no recurrence and implantative metastasis. We are led to conclude that pericystectomy in combination with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy can achieve satisfactory results for the treatment of complicated hepatic cystic hydatidosis with intrabiliary rupture.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of polymer in cefatrizine propylene glycol. METHODS:High performance sephadex gel chromatography was performed on the column of Sephadex G-10 with mobile phase A of 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer [0.01 mol/L Disodium hydrogen phosphate solution-0.01 mol/L Sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (61∶39,V/V)](pH7.0)and mobile phase B of water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and volume injection was 200μl. RESULTS:The linear range of polymer was 2.07-103.30 mg/ml(r=0.999 4);the limit of quantitation of 10.4 ng,limit of detection was 4.1 ng;RSDs of precision and reprodicibility tests were lower than 3%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is specific with high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and can be used for the content determination of polymer in active pharmacentical ingredient cefatrizine propylene glycol.

Objective To evaluate the expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 7(TRPM7)in cholangiocarcinoma and its correlation with prognosis.Methods The expressions of TRPM7 were detected by SP immunohistochemical in 49 cases of cholangiocarcinoma,7 cases of benign bile duct lesions and 36 cases of adjacent histologically noncancerous bile duct tissues,and to analysis its relationship with the clinical pathological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma.Results The positive expression rate of TRPM7 in cholangiocarcinoma was 77.6%(38/49),which was higher than that in benign bile duct lesions(0,0/7)and adjacent his-tologically noncancerous bile duct tissues(2.8%,1/36),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The positive expres-sion of TRPM7 in cholangiocarcinoma was correlated with the TNM stage of tumor,lymph node metastasis and organ metastasis (P <0.05),but not related to patients′age,gender,site,differentiation and hepatitis(P >0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased expression of TRPM7 was associated with shorted overall survival (P <0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that the expression level of TRPM7 was significantly associated with prognosis and an independent risk factor for prognosis(P <0.05 ). Conclusion TRPM7 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis progression,invasion,and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma,and is an important factor for prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective: To explore the application of asymmetrical sculpture in the ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage through comparing the difference of the balanced sculpture and asymmetrical sculpture. Methods: We used the method of retrospective survey and classified the patients who had undergone ear reconstruction because of microtia into two groups. Group A included the patients who had undergone operation with the application of balanced sculpture method. Group B included the patients who had undergone operation with the application of unsymmetrical sculpture method. We picked out 35 patients containing 19 patients of group A and 16 patients of group B according to our grouping criteria and exclusion criteria. The number of cases with complications was recorded, such as collapse of framework, exposure of cartilage, necrosis of skin flap and reconstructed ear infection. The clinical outcomes of two methods in refining the delicate structures of the reconstructed ear were evaluated (that is the definition, shape, size, color and projection). The time for sculpture was compared. Then we analysed the results and evaluated the effectiveness, safety and feasibility of asymmetrical sculpture′s application in the ear reconstruction. Results: Group A had 2 cases which suffered skin flap necrosis. One of them had cartilage exposure and then had secondary infection leading to local cartilage necrosis and absorption, but after active treatment and local skin flap transplantation it was cured. Group B had no skin flap necrosis, cartilage extrusion, framework deformation and distortion, framework collapse and necrosis or absorption. Group B had a higher score in definition, shape, size, color and projection, and the difference was significant in definition, shape, color and projection. In our clinical practice, the sculpture time in both group was similarly about 40 minutes after the surgery operator had skillfully mastered both techniques. Conclusions Both methods are safe and feasible. The method of asymmetrical sculpture does not require additional operative time, and the method of asymmetrical sculpture is a better one compared with the method of balanced sculpture in refining the reconstructed ear.

Objective To explore the effect of water extracts from Semen Astragali Complanati (Flatstem Milkvetch Seed,hereinafter“SAC”)on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia model rats with kidney-yang deficiency pattern,so as to try to discover the mechanism.Methods Female 10-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (each n =10):normal group,model group,estrogen group,SAC low-dose group,SAC mid-dose group and SAC high-dose group.The rat model was induced by bilateral ovariectomization combined with high-fat diet feeding.And rats of normal group and model group were in-tragastrically (i.g.)administered with saline,those of estrogen group were i.g.with estradiol valerate (0.2 mg/kg),and three SAC groups were i.g.with SAC extract at the dose of 34,68 and 136 mg/kg for consecutive 8 weeks.The body weight of rats were recorded,serum TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C were measured and serum E2 ,FSH and estrogen receptors (ERα,ERβ)mRNA in liver tissue were de-tected.Results Compared with the normal group,the body weight of rats of model group increased sig-nificantly after three weeks’high-fat feeding (P <0.001 );from Week 5 the level of total cholesterol (TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)increased significantly (P <0.001 or P <0.01), and from Week 7 triglyceride(TG)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)also did (P <0.001 or P <0.05);serum E2 significantly decreased (P <0.01),and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)in-creased (P <0.05),the expression of ER-αmRNA in liver significantly decreased(P <0.05).High dose of SAC significantly reduced the serum level of TG and TC from Week 7 (P <0.05 or P <0.001), middle dose of SAC reduced the level of LDL-C and increased HDL-C significantly at the same time point (P <0.05,P <0.01),and a more week later,the low dose increased the serum level of HDL-C (P <0.05).Despite the levels of E2 and FSH of model rats showed no significant difference after treatment by SAC (P >0.05),the expression of ER-αmRNA in liver tissue increased in all SAC groups (P <0. 05).Conclusion The effect of regulating blood lipid metabolism of SAC had been proved.The poten-tial mechanism could be via upregulating the expression of estrogen receptors to amplify the signals trans-mitted by the receptors,which may make up the low estrogen level to direct at the disorder of lipid metab-olism during peri-menopausal period.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of total flavonoids in Shayuanzi(Semen Astragali Complanati, flatstem milkvetch seed, TFS)on hyperlipidemia(kidney yang deficiency pattern)and their influence on liver synthesis pathway of triglyceride(TG).Methods SD rats(10 weeks old)were divided,according to weight randomized block method, into 6 groups: sham-operation group,model group, estrogen group, high-dose TFS group, mid-dose TFS group)and low-dose TFS group(each n=10).The rat model of hyperlipidemia(kidney yang deficiency pattern)was copied by bilateral ovariectomization and high fat diet for 6 weeks.The sham-operation group and model group were intragastrically given normal saline(10 mL/kg), estrogen group, estradiol(0.2 mg/kg), and TFS groups,total flavonoids in Shayuanzi(28.5 mg/kg, 57 mg/kg and 114 mg/kg respectively)for 8 weeks.The levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected.The activities of liver fatty acid synthase(FAS)and acctyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC), and levels of GPAT, CPT-1αand acy-CoA oxidase(ACO)were detected by using enzyme immunoassay(EIA).The protein expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)and peroxisome proliferator-activiated receptor-α (PPAR-α)were detected by using immunohistochemistry technique.ResultsCompared with model group,the levels of serum TG,TC and LDL-C decreased significantly(P<0.05, P<0.01), level of serum HDL-C increased significantly(P <0.05), activities of liver ACC and GPAT level decreased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.01),levels of ACO and CPT-1αincreased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05), protein expression of SREBP-1c was significantly down-regulated, and protein expression of PPAR-αwas significantly up-regulated in high-dose TFS group.Conclusion TFS has a good effect of regulating blood lipid metabolism, which is its major material base of regulating blood fat.The mechanism may be related to that TFS can inhibit the expression of liver SREBP-1c,reduce the activities and levels of FAS, ACC and GPAT in TG synthesis pathway, and up-regulate protein expression of PPAR-α,ACO and CPT-1αfor inhibiting liver TG synthesis and controlling blood fat level.