Polysaccharides are a class of natural macromolecules with biological activities which could regulate the immune system by activating immune cells and promoting the secretion of cytokines to exert the anti-tumor and anti-oxidation activities.The article reviews the mechanism of polysaccharides acting on the immune system and its anti-tumor immunotherapy applications.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare compound ofloxacin gargle,and to establish a method for its quality control.METHODS:Compound oflorxacin gargle was prepared with tinidazole,ofloxcin,heavy peppermint water,glycerol and puri-fied water.Differential spectrophotometry was employed to determine the content of tinidazole without isolation,and then the content of ofloxcin was calculated by formula on the basis of absorbability additivity principle.RESULTS:The prepared gargle was light green yellow clear liquid.The average recovery rates of tinidazole and ofloxacin were98.92%(RSD=0.35%)and99.18%(RSD=0.54%),respectively.No distinct decrease in content of these two components was found in3month test.CONCLUSION:The established method of preparation is simple,and that of content determination is convenient as well as that preparation is stable,which can be widely used in hospitals at primary level.

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the diagnostic value of co registration and fusion of positron emission tomography and MR images in Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Twelve patients with AD (53-83 years) and six normal volunteer (45-71 years) were scanned by positron emission tomography (PET) and MR imaging. The interval between two examination was 1-32 days (average:18 2?11 6 days). The disc and magnetic tape were used to transfer the imaging data to image work station (SGI O 2), then the special software for co registration and fusion: Statistical Parametric Map was used to do automatic co registration between PET and MR images of brain in 3D. Results The findings of PET was completely accorded with the changes of AD in 9 patients (9/12), and accorded with AD, but should be differentiate from other diseases in 3 cases (3/12). According to the measurement of special cerebral structures, MR images could make the diagnosis of AD in 11 patients (11/12), and had no abnormal finding in 1 case. The medial temporal atrophy could be seen on the MR images co registrated with PET in AD patients, on the other hand, PET demonstrated the pink color region of metabolic rate of glucose decreased in temporoparietal lobes of cerebral hemisphere. The similar findings depicted on fusion images as red color region of metabolic rate of glucose decreased in temporoparietal lobes. Conclusion The co registrated images can accurately observe the abnormal findings of PET and MR images, and fix the location of foci depicted by PET, in addition, fusion images increase the contrast of the foci. Analyzing the images of co registration and fusion of PET and MRI can lead to the diagnosis of AD in all the patients.

Seizure cluster (SC) is a common clinical phenomenon in patients with epilepsy, which was reported to be associated with post-ictal psychosis, status epilepticus, and increased risk of death, with a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers, but the diagnostic criteria, management principles and pathogenesis of SC are still unclear."seizure cluster" "acute repitetive seizures" and "cluster seizures" were used to search the relevant literatures in the databases of "Pubmed" "Wanfang Medicine" and "China Knowledge Network" from 1990 to 2019. The definitions, prevalence, risk factors, consequences, possible mechanism, and current management methods of seizure clusters were summaried in this article, to help health care professionals and patients gain a clearer understanding of SC.

[Abstract ] CHD1L is a newly identified oncogene located at Chr 1q21,its oncogenic role in tumorigenesis is through unleashed cell proliferation, G1/S transition, inhibition of apoptosis and Chromatin instability .It is an independent biomarker that can affect tumour′s process, prognosis and survival rate.The underlying mechanisms of CHD1L activation may disrupt the cell death program via binding the apoptotic protein Nur77 or exterting relevant function by mediate CHD 1L′s target genes (ARHGEF9, TCTP, SPOCK1, and NTKL) .This paper mainly introduces its oncogenic role and research progress of related molecular mechanism .

Objective:To investigate the incidence and distribution of malignant tumor in Uygur People and provide a theoretical basis for epidemiological surveys. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted from November 2007 to October 2012 on inpatients with malignant tumors at The First People′s Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture. The top 10 kinds of malignant tumor were found in Uygur People and Han People. Results:A total of 7578 patients were registered, including 6840 (about 90.26%) Uygur People, 628 (nearly 8.29%) Han People, and 110 (about 1.45%) from other minority groups. The top 10 kinds of malignant tumor for Uygur People were gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, malignant lymphoma, primary hepatic carcinoma, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancers. Meanwhile, the order for Han People were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast, gastric, primary hepatic, head and neck, leukemia, cervical, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Conclusion:A different epidemic character of malignant tumor existed between Uygur People and Han People in Kashga, Xinjiang.

Objective To study the curative efficacy of arthroscopic debridement in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical records of 44 cases of knee osteoarthritis (62 knee joints) treated with arthroscopic debridement. Results All the patients were followed for 2~2.5 years. The rates of excellent or good results were 85.5% (53/62) at 6 months after the surgery, 77.4% (48/62) at 1 year after the surgery, and 66.1% (41/62) at 2 years, respectively. The curative results were significantly worse at 2 years after the surgery than at 6 months ( ? 2=6.332, P =0.012). Conclusions Arthroscopic debridement is effective for the relief of painful and swollen knee joint, and postpones the appearance of articular cartilage degeneration. The efficacy of the treatment is apparent in mild cases, but the treatment will be less effective as time goes on.

Objective:To compare the proliferative and periodontal specific differentiation abilities of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) at different passages,and to investigate whether long term culturing would have a negative influence on their proliferation and specific differentiation capacity,thus providing a theoretical basis for further in-depth research on periodontal regeneration and the possible clinical applications of iPSCs.Methods:IPSCs derived from human gingival fibroblasts at passages 5,10,15 and 20 were recovered and cultured in vitro.Their morphology and proliferation rates were observed respectively.We further induced the iPSCs at different passages toward periodontal tissue under the treatment of growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) for 14 days through the EB routine,then compared the periodontal differentiation propensities between the different passages of iPSCs by detecting their calcified nodules formation by Alizarin red staining and assaying their relative periodontal tissue related marker expressions by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining,including bone related markers:osteocalcin (OCN),bone sialoprotein (BSP);periodontal ligament related markers:periostin,vimentin;and cementum related markers:cementum attachment protein (CAP),cementum protein 1 (CEMP1).The untreated spontaneous differentiation groups were set as negative controls respectively.Results:iPSCs at different passages all showed a high proliferative capacity when cultured in vitro and turned into a spindlelike shape similar to fibroblasts upon periodontal specific differentiation.All iPSCs formed typical calcified nodules upon GDF-5 induction by Alizarin red staining in comparison to their untreated controls.The relative calcium deposition at all passages had been significantly upgraded under the treatment of GDF-5 (P5:t =2.125,P =0.003;P10:t =2.246,P =0.021;P15:t =3.754,P =0.004;P20:t =3.933,P =0.002),but no significant difference in their calcium deposition were detected within passages 5,10,15 and 20 (periodontal differentiation:F =2.365,P =0.109;spontaneously differentiation:F =2.901,P =0.067).Periodontal tissue related marker expressions of iPSCs at all passages had also been significandy upgraded under the treatment of GDF-5 (P ＜ 0.05),but still,no significant difference in their expression levels of periodontal tissue related proteins were detected within passages (BSP:F =0.926 7,P=0.450;vimentin:F=0.917 1,P=0.455;CEMP1:F=2.129,P=0.1367).Conclusion:Our results preliminarily confirmed that long term culturing won't influence the proliferation capacity and periodontal specific differentiation propensity of iPSCs,as they can still proliferate and differentiate toward periodontal cells with high efficiency upon growth factor induction after continuous passaging.Therefore,iPSCs could be recognized as a promising cell source for future possible application in periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective:To establish the quality control method of electrosurgical unit(ESU) through the safety performance test and data analysis for electrotome.Methods: According to the testing standard of ESU, Fluke ESA612 electrical safety analyzer and QA-ES II electrosurgery unit analyzer were applied to test the properties of ESU were using during 2015 and 2016, and the testing results were analyzed.Results:In 2015 and 2016, the qualified rate of quality control results were 79% and 81%, respectively; the problems of unqualified ESU were resolved and their hidden risks in clinical applications were eliminated.Conclusion: By testing the properties of ESU, we can master the performance of the machine; find and deal with the risk of machine in time, and avoid the hidden danger and enhance the risk management for ESU, so that the machine can be safely and effectively applied in clinical surgery.

Objective: To observe the changes of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and endothelin(ET) and the effect of aprotinin on them during open heart surgery. Method:Twenty patients undergoing valve replacement were divided into two groups,control group(n=10) in which and protinin group (n=10), 4000000 unit aprotinin were given during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Blood samples were collected before operation,pre-CPB,15,30 and 60 minute following CPB and 1st, 3rd, 5th day after operation. Result: As compared to pre-CPB in control group,CEC and ET levels increased during CPB and returned the normal after operation. In aprotinin group,the tendency of change was same,but CEC and ET levels were higher in control group than in aprotinin group during CPB. Conclusion:There are endothelial ceils damaging and ET significant increasing during CPB,while aprotinin can ameliorate this situation.