Objective To investigate and compare the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) vs. tacrolimus (TAC)-based immunosuppressive regimen on chronic allograft nephropathy. Methods Ninety-six patients who received a cadeveric kidney transplantation in our unit during Jan. 1995 to Jan. 2004 more than 12 months prior to study enrollment and who were being treated with CsA-based immunosuppressive treatment were included. All patients received allograft biopsy and were diagnosed as CAN. Patients were differentiated according to following regimen. Patients were either converted to tacrolimus (TAC group, n=58) or remained on their initial CsA-based immunosuppression (CsA group, n=39). The clinical data at study entry and after 3, 6 and 12 months including serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr), albumin were recorded during a follow-up of over 12 months. Results Though TC, TG and LDL levels remained unchanged in CsA group, while statistically reduced in TAC group respectively ( 6.60? 1.34 mmol/L vs. 5.20? 0.75 mmol/L, 3.00? 1.40 mmol/L vs. 1.90? 0.86 mmol/L, and 3.70? 0.93 mmol/L vs. 3.00? 0.72 mmol/L, P

0 05).The survival rate of 1,2,3-year of SG and CRG respectively were 72 58%,51 61% and 37 10%,and 58 10%,32 26% and 20 97%.There was significant difference in the survival rate of 2,3-year between two groups(P

Objective To explore the auxiliary effect of ultrasonic guidance for percutaneous transhepatic varices embolization ( PTVE) for the treatment of hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal with cirrhosis. Methods Fifty-two patients arranged PTVE by ultrasonic guidance were considered as observation group,and 37 patients arranged PTVE by blind paracentesis were considered as control group. The paracentesis success ratio,time of paracentesis,results and rate of complications in the two groups were compared. Results The achievement ratio of one-time puncture in observation group(73. 1%) was significantly increased than that in control group(43. 25). The differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The time of paracentesis in observation group (2. 3±0. 6) min was shorter than that in control group(4. 2±0. 8) min. The differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The rate of embolization rate in observation group(100%) was obviously higher than that in control group(86. 5%),the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05),and the rate of complications was less than that in control group. Conclusion The ultrasonic guidance plays an important assistant roles for PTVE,it is helpful to determine the location of portal vein and increase the paracentesis succeed ratio and speed. It is safe and deserved to be spread.

High density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) has received extensive attention because of its cardiovascular protective effects.Recent studies showed that HDL could promote reverse cholesterol transport ( RCT ) , be anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and induce angiogenesis. Apolipoptrotein A-I (apoA-I), the most abundant protein of HDL, plays a pivotal role in the HDL mediated-functional activities.Short peptides based on the amphiphilic alpha helix structure of apoA-I have been designed and aimed at imitating the function of apoA-I.The function and metabolism of these mimetic peptides depend on their amino acids component and sequence , and have been proved to exert protection in against cardiovascular disease , infection, inflammation and oxidative damage, metabolic syndrome and tumor.Clinical trials confirmed their benefits, but high cost put them out of the practical applications..

Objective To compare the early analgesic effects of continuous femoral nerve block analgesia (CFNB) and patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and their effects on functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 ASA Ⅰ and ASA Ⅱ patients with unilateral total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015.The patients were divided into two groups,CFBN group (treatment group) and PCIA group (control group),with 30 patients in each group.VAS scores of postoperative ipsilateral knee resting and movement pain,range of postoperative knee joint motion (ROM),muscle strength of femoral quadriceps,incidence rates of adverse reaction within 7 days after operation,HSS score 3 months before and after the operation,and discharge time were observed.Results Postoperative VIS score in CFNB group was lower than that in PCIA group.ROM and muscle strength of femoral quadriceps in CFBN group were better than those in PCIA group on day 1,2,3,5,and 7 after the operation.Postoperative adverse reaction rate within 7 days in PCIA group was significantly higher than that in CFNB group.HSS score three months after the operation in CFNB group was higher than that in PCIA group.Discharge time of CFNB group was significantly earlier than that of PCIA group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with PCIA analgesia,CFNB analgesia shows better analgesic effect.It can alleviate early knee joint pain after TKA,increase joint motion,significantly shorten the hospitalization time,promote joint exercises which are effective in functional rehabilitation,and decrease the incidence of adverse reactions like nausea and vomiting.

Bilingual teaching is the important teaching method of medical colleges to keep up with the international progress. This article summarizes the experience of bilingual teaching practice in medical imaging, makes a deep analysis on the problems that need to be solved promptly, and suggests some new ideas about the selection of textbook, preparation of teaching slides and teaching mode.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Budesonide sustained-release tablet. METHODS:Using the cumula-tive releases in 2,4,8 h as investigation indexes,central composite design-response surface method was used to optimize the amount of hydroxypropylcellulose L(HPC-L),amount of soybean phosphatides,and filler(fixed total 200 mg)lactose- micro-crystalline cellulose mass ratio in the formulation of Budesonide sustained-release tablet,and the verification test was conducted. The release behaviors of prepared sustained-release tablet and original preparation in pH 7.2,7.0,6.8 phosphate buffer were com-pared. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follow as budesonide of 9 mg,HPC-L of 46.49 mg,soybean phosphatides of 9.23 mg,filler lactose-microcrystalline cellulose mass ratio of 1:2.9;the cumulative releases in 2,4,8 h were 21.9%,50.1%, 99.5%,the relative errors with predicted values (22.0%,50.0%,98.5%) were 0.45%,0.20%,1.02%(n=3),respectively. Compared with cumulative release of original preparation,the f2 was higher than 50. CONCLUSIONS:Budesonide sustained-re-lease tablet is successfully prepared,which shows similar release behavior to original preparations.

Objective To provide a scientific basis for early clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as secondary and tertiary protection through 10 years inquiry of multiple organ failure in the elderly(MOFE).Results Among 153 MOFE cases,the first inducement of 89.5%(137/153) patients was infection,among which 93.4% (128/137) was pulmonary infection.The vertical percentage of the first failure organ was as follows: pulmonary (39.0%,60/154),heart (19.5%,30/154),brain (14.9%,23/154),kidney (10.4%,16/154),alimentary canal (8.4%,13/154),liver (6.5%,10/154);while the horizontal percentage was as follows: pulmonary (42.9%,60/140),heart (40.9%,56/137),kidney (32.6%,30/92),brain (21.9%,23/105),alimentary canal ( 14.5%,9/62).The survival time of the first organ failure from shortness to length was as follows: pulmonary,brain,heart,kidney.Conclusions Most MOFE cases have pulmonary failure at first.The organs failure sequence is pulmonary,heart,brain and kidney in order.

A method for the determination of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in human plasma by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography is introduced. The single separation system involves a RP-C18 column, a ultraviolet detector at 254 mn and CH3CN-CH3OH-0.01 mol/L HOOCOOH (30:5:65;pH 4.55). The influence of two kind of buffer (phosphate buffer and oxalate buffer) in mobile phase on the separation were studied. Oxalate buffer can improve tailing peak and decrease detection limits. Three pH values (pH 2.80,4.08,4.55) were studied, pH 4.55 can give best separation result. The detection limits of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid were 0.14 ng and 0.24 ng, respectively.

This study investigated whether the curative effect of short-pulse gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on the vasopressin-induced dyspeptic symptoms was mediated by central opioid peptide-producing neurons. Five female beagle dogs implanted with 1 pair of electrodes in gastric serosa were used in a two-experiment study. In experiment one, the brain was scanned by positron emission tomography in 3 dogs with and without short-pulse GES, and the radioactivity in nuclei of solitary tract (NST) and hypothalamus was detected. Experiment two was composed of 4 sessions. In session one, the dogs were injected with vasopressin in the absence of short-pulse GES. With session two, the short-pulse GES was simultaneously given via the electrodes with the injection of vasopressin. In sessions three and four, naloxone and naloxone methiodide was administered respectively in the presence of short-pulse GES. Motion sickness-like symptoms were scored and compared among the different sessions. The results showed that the short-pulse GES significantly increased the radioactivity in NST and hypothalamic nuclei (P<0.05, vs control). The short-pulse GES could ameliorate the vasopressin-induced motion sickness-like symptoms in dogs. Naloxone, but not naloxone methiodide could attenuate the curative effects of short-pulse GES. It is concluded that NST and hypothalamic nuclei may participate in the mediation of the curative effects of short-pulse GES on dyspepsia-like symptoms. Central opioid peptide-containing neurons presumably mediate the therapeutic effect on dyspeptic symptoms of short-pulse GES.