FoxM1 is a specific transcription factor related to proliferation .Previous studies have found that FoxM1 can enhance the proliferation ,metastasis and invasion of cancer cells ,and play a crucial role in canc-er.Recent studies indicate that the abnormal expression of FoxM 1 plays an important role in breast cancer ,and its overexpression is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients .For the early diagnosis of breast canc-er,clinical prognosis and study on combination therapy provides a new direction .This article reviews the relation-ship between FoxM1 and breast cancer .

Objective To study the p53 gene mutation induced by organic extract of reclaimed water used in a city. Methods The organic extract of reclaimed water was collected by C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the reclaimed water were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). L-02 cells were treated with the organic extract of the reclaimed water at 0.84, 1.68, 3.34 ?l/ml for 24 h. DNA samples for p53 mutation detection was extracted from the cells and subjected to DNA sequencing for detection of mutations in exon 5 of the p53 gene. Results All 16 kinds of PAHs were detected both in input water and reclaimed water. The predominant ones were fluorene and phenanthrene,then naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and so on. Total PAHs concentration was 1 777.9 ng/L in the input water and 1380.1 ng/L in the reclaimed water. Mutation in exon 5 within the p53 gene was detected in L-02 cells treated with the organic extract of the water. Conclusion PAHs in water can be removed by sewage treatment technology at present, but the remaining PAHs can still induce the mutation of p53 gene, so using reclaimed water has some potential health impacts, the sewage treatment technology employed today should be improved.

Objective To investigate the technical features, postoperative complication and therapeutic regimen of immunosuppressant in pediatric and adolescent renal transplantation. Methods From February 1998 to December 2004, clinical data of 46 pediatric and adolescent patients who underwent renal transplantation were retrospectively analyzed to observe the patient and graft survival rate, growth and development of recipients and postoperative complication. Results Ten episodes of acute rejection (AR) were diagnosed in 46 cases. Four cases suffered delayed graft function (DGF), one urinary leakage and 8 drug-induced hepatic injury occurred. Eight cases suffered pulmonary infection, 3 cases suffered bone marrow depression and 2 granulocytopenia. One allograft artery stenosis and one ureteral necrosis occurred. Renal functions were returned to normal in all recipients 4 weeks after operation. The 1-year patient and graft survival rates were all 100 %, and the 3-year patient and graft survival rates were 100 % and 97.4 % respectively. Conclusions Renal transplantation is an effective treatment for pediatric and adolescent patients with end-stage renal disease. In addition to its higher AR incidence than adult, pediatric renal transplantation has especial treatment in the operation process and therapeutic regimen of immunosuppressant.

Long bone osteomyelitis often results from serious open fractures or some closed fractures.Its treatment is a clinical difficultly in orthopaedics.Masquelet is a new strategy for bone reconstruction,validated by surgeons in their treatment of acute bone loss,bone tumor and bone infection.It is carried out in 2 stages.At the first stage,infection was eliminated by radical debridement and placement of antibiotic bone cement into the defect,which induces a pseudomembrane to facilitate the growth of bone graft.At the second stage,reconstruction of the bone defect is performed by bone grafting in the membrance after removal of the bone cement.The unique characteristics of this technique arouse more and more attention recently.Therefore,we would like to present a review about this Masquelet technique dealing with post-traumatic osteomyelitis of long bones.

It has been demonstrated that astrocyte elevated gene 1 ( AEG-1 ) can promote tumor initia-tion and progression .Over expression of AEG -1 is correlated with tumor angiogenesis ,metastasis and chemother-apy resistance of tumor cells of different origins .The present article is a review on the mechanism of AEG -1 me-diated drug resistance .Studies have shown that AEG -1 participates in carcinogenesis through Ha -ras,myc,NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways .AEG-1 can also promote autophagy through activating AMP Kinase . Other researchers demonstrate that AEG -1 promotes MDR1 protein translation by up-regulating MDR1 mRNA expression ,and thus increases polyribosome .It is testified that AEG-1 can influence drug susceptibility and ex-pression of MDR gene as a RNA binding protein .Multiple functions of AEG -1 in drug resistance in multiple cancers demonstrate that AEG -1 can be used as a novel target for antitumor drugs .

Creativity is the demand of the time.The cultivation of creativity is what we should put first in the education of graduates.The Fourth Military Medical University attempts to consummate the selection,training and evaluating system of supervisors by strictly checking the qualification of supervisors and examining the enrollment qualification,sending supervisors abroad for further education and making them attending academic conferences for academic communication.The university also modularizes English teaching and giving lectures on political theory courses in order to establish a curriculum system which integrates the education of theory,practicing and the cultivation of comprehensive quality.Moreover,by creating funds for graduates' searching and international academic communication of academy,the university tries to complete stipend and scholarship systems to encourage innovation and exploration.By doing these,the cultivation of graduates' innovation ability has been improved.

Objective To examine the correlation between metabolic acidosis and malnutrition in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Forty-four MHD patients were divided into 3 groups according to plasma bicarbonate concentrations (PHCO3) and pH values. The correlation between metabolic acidosis and nutritional parameters was studied. Results The mean PHCO3 was (19.1?0.9) mmol/L in group A (n=13), (24.0?1.3) mmol/L in group B (n=22) and (27.1?0.1) mmol/L in group C (n=9). The adequacy of dialysis (Kt/V) was comparable in three groups. As compared with group B, group A had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), triceps skin fold thickness (TSF), dietary protein intake (DPI), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) , Scr, serum K+ and parathyroid hormone (PTH), meanwhile, group C had significantly lower DPI, nPCR, Scr and albumin. There was no significant difference in plasma inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) among three groups. There was significant negative correlation of PHCO3 to nPCR (P

Objective To summary the clinical data of pediatric renal transplantation from multiple renal transplant centers in China,and analyze the factors influencing the therapeutic outcomes of pediatric renal transplantation.Methods From March 1986 to May 2010,the clinical data of 138 children who underwent renal transplantation in eight centers of renal transplantation in China were retrospectively analyzed.Results The one-year patient and graft survival rate was 99.3％ and 95.7％respectively.Acute rejection episodes occurred in 38 cases (27.5％),15 cases suffered delayed graft function (DGF),and graft functions were returned to normal in all recipients within one month.Moreover,other complications included transplant renal artery stenosis in 8 cases (5.8％),ureteral necrosis in 2 cases (1.4％),urinary fistula in 5 cases (3.6％),hypertension in 57 cases (41.3 ％),hyperlipidemia in 38 cases (27.5％),hirsutism in 32 cases (23.2％),drug-induced liver damage in 26 cases (18.8％),urinary tract infection in 25 cases (18.1％ ),gingival hyperplasia in 22 cases (15.9％),pulmonary infection in 21 cases (15.2％),bone marrow suppression in 12 patients (8.7％),herpes simplex in 10 cases (7.2％),and diabetes in 8 cases (5.8％).The body weight was increased by 4 to 13 kg and the body height was increased by 2 to 7 cm during the first year posttransplantation. Conclusion The careful perioperative management, rational use of immunosuppressive agents,strengthening the follow-up management of children and social support,and improving compliance were the key points to obtain good outcomes in pediatric renal transplantation.

T helper 17 (Th17) cells, differentiated from nave CD4+T cells, can secrete a series of cytokines including interleukin-17, interleukin-21, and interleukin-22 and are meanwhile regulated by a variety of cytokines and genes, playing an important role in various inflammatory diseases. Th17 cells are widely distributed in vivo and are associated with diseases in many systems. They are involved in the regulation of chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases by secreting pro-inflammatory factors and antagonizing the immunosuppressive effect of regulatory T cells. This article reviews the recent studies on the association between Th17 cells and the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory liver diseases, so as to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the expression of astrocyte elevated gene -1( AEG-1) and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9)in colorectal tissues and evaluate its correlation with clinical pathologic factors of colorectal cancer.Methods AEG-1 and MMP-9 expression in normal colorectal mucous (n=45),low-grade adenoma(n=31),high-grade adenoma(n=15)and colorectal carcinoma(n=146)were examined by immuno-histochemistry .Statistical analyses were applied to test the significance of its expression .Results AEG-1 ex-pression levels were gradually elevated in normal tissues ,low-grade adenoma ,high-grade adenoma and colorec-tal carcinoma respectively .Furthermore ,there was a similar trend for MMP -9from normal mucous to adenoma and carcinoma .Statistical analysis revealed that AEG -1 expression was markedly correlated with the UICC stage,T classification,N classification,M classification,and histological differentiation in the colorectal cancer pa-tients,but not with age,gender,tumor location and tumor size.In addition,AEG-1 expression was positively cor-related with the MMP-9 expression in colorectal cancer .Besides,those patients with high AEG-1 and MMP-9 levels had shorter survival time ( P<0 .05 ) .Conclusion AEG-1 may be involved in carcinogenesis and pro-gression of colorectal carcinoma and can be a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with colorectal carcinoma .