Objective To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition(EN) support after gastreetomy and evaluate its feasibility. Methods Early enteral feeding was used in 129 eases with gastreetomy in 20 hours after operation. Result One hundred and twenty-nine eases accepted early enteral nutrition support, 5 ea-ses appeared diarrhea. After adjusting the infusion speed and the temperature of nutrient fluid, symptoms of 4 eases vanished, 1 ease could not complete the early enteral feeding plan. Conclusions The early nutri-tion after gastreetomy is safe, reliable, simple and economical. The early nutrition can improve the nutrition state of postoperative patient effectively.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of cinnabar and realgar in Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNH) -produced neuroprotection against lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) -mediated neuronal damage and further explore the corresponding mechanisms. METHODS Primary rat midbrain neuron-glia cultures were used as an in vitro model to investigate effects of AGNH on LPS-mediated degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons. The experiment was divided into normal control group, LPS model group, LPS + cinnabar (4 and 40 mg·L-1) groups, LPS + realgar (4 and 40 mg·L-1 ) groups and LPS + AGNH (40 and 400 mg·L-1 ) group. Drugs were added 30 min before LPS treatment. After 7 d, dopaminergic neurotoxicity was assessed through the quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and morphological analysis of TH-positive neurons; the activation of microglia was evaluated using OX-42 antibody; the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in microglia was performed by real-time RT-PCR analysis, and the release of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant of neuron-glia cultures was determined respectively by the ELISA and Griess reagent. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, DA neurons in LPS model group decreased by 40% (P <0.05) , microglial activation was induced, the expression of TNF-α mRNA and iNOS mRNA in microglia increased 9 and 2 times, respectively ( P < 0. 05 ) , and subsequent production of TNF-α and NO in the supernatant of neuron-glia cultures increased 20 and 30 times, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with LPS model group, AGNH 400 mg·L-1 and realgar 40 mg·L-1 significantly attenuated LPS-mediated DA neuronal loss by 40% and 30% , respectively (P<0.05) and inhibited activation of microglia and expression of TNF-α mRNA by 61% and 52% (P <0.05). iNOS mRNA was reduced by 58% and 51% (P <0.05 ) in microglia. The subsequent release of TNF-α was reduced by 55% and 43% (P<0.05) and NO reduced by 53% and 34% (P<0.05) in the supernatant of neuron-glia cultures. Cinnabar had no inhibitory effect on LPS-induced changes. CONCLUSION AGNH protects LPS-induced neurotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory properties and realgar might be the key contributor to the neuroprotective action of AGNH, while cinnabar fails to show any neuroprotection.

Objective Diagnosis GDM during the early period and treatmeut in time can improve mother-child prognosis.Methods Screening GDM to 1000prognant women. Considering the 27 GDM sufferers as the experiment group. At the same time. Choosing the 20 Sufferers who accord with the diagnosis standard during the same period that don’t agree to conduct regular treatment as comparative group.Compare the experiment group with the comparine group to find out the different results of mothers and children.Results The number of fetal macrosomia in experiment group, the types of combining diseases of newborn childrnen and the death rate of perinatal infant are all lower than the compartive group the differences ane remarkable (P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for implementing pharmaceutical care for secondary prevention of patients with myocardial infarction and improving medication compliance by clinical pharmacist. METHODS:A questionnaire survey was con-ducted for 200 secondary prevention patients with myocardial infarction in our hospital,and divided into good medication compli-ance group and poor medication compliance group by Morisky-Green(MG)standard scoring evaluation, and the reasons affecting the medication compliance were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 200 questionnaires were sent out,200 were effectively re-ceived with effective recovery of 100%. 137 patients showed good medication compliance and 62 patients showed poor medication compliance,there were statistically significant differences in the age,monthly income,whether there was a medical insurance or not,whether they live alone or not and whether they had more than 4 oral drugs between 2 groups(P<0.05). The reasons of poor medication compliance were forgetting to take the medicine,too many kinds of medicine,too expensive to afford the medicine, lacking the knowledge of the disease and poor medication guide. CONCLUSIONS:The poor medication compliance of patients with secondary prevention of myocardial infarction is closely related with elder age,low income,no medical insurance,living alone,and taking more than 4 kinds of medicine. Clinical pharmacists should play their professional expertise,repeatedly supervise patients'medication compliance and finally improve the efficacy and patients'quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on cytochrome P450(CYP) in mouse livers .Methods Kunming male mice were divided into the blank ,low dose and the high dose of TSG groups .3 ,5 and 7 after intra-gastrical administration of TSG ,mice were sacrificed and the mRNA expressions of CYP isoenzymes in mouse livers were measured by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) ,respectively .Results TSG significantly inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP 3A4 mRNA expressions at 3th ,5th and 7th day after treatment .TSG time-dependently increased CYP2E1 mRNA expres-sion .TSG inhibited CYP4A14 mRNA expression at 7th day after treatment .Moreover ,TSG had no significant effects on CYP2B10 , CYP3A11 and CYP3A25 mRNA expressions .Conclusion TSG has significant effects on CYP1A2 ,CYP2E1 ,CYP3A4 and CYP4A14 mRNA expressions but no significant effects on CYP2B10 ,CYP3A11 and CYP3A25 mRNA expressions .

AIM:To study the effect of roscovitine on the inflammatory hyperplasia of carotid artery intima in rats and the related mechanisms .METHODS: SD rats ( n=60 ) were randomly divided into 3 groups including control group, model group and treatment group .The rat model was established by trypsin digestion injury .The rats in control group were given sham operation .The rats in treatment group were administered with 0.5 mL roscovitine (2 g/L) slow-re-leasing gelatin.The rats in each group were fed normally for 4 weeks, then killed to take out carotid arteries for further ob-servations .The effects of roscovitine on the inflammatory hyperplasia of carotid artery intima and the related mechanism via nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) in the rats were detected by Western blot .RESUITS:Roscovitine inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1),TNF-αand IL-6 via blocking the phosphorylation activation of NF-κB and inhibiting the degradation of IκB-α.CON-CLUSION:Roscovitine inhibits inflammatory hyperplasia of carotid artery intima in the rats via suppressing NF-κB activa-tion.

Objective As we know more about CVA and examination methods are becoming more popular,the number of patients diagnosed as CVA is increasing year after year.So it is necessary that we should find more clinical characteristic and therapy for CVA.Methods 155 CVA patients have been observed for 2 years and the results of bronchial methacholine chloride provocation test before and after the observation were analyzed.Results 30% of the patients werent analyzed because they did not take the drugs regularly.The result showed that the CVA male vs female was 1 ∶4,the average age was(40?7.2)years.20 patients developed typical asthma(12.94%).After 2 years,70% of the patients had positive results of the bronchial methacholine chloride provocation.Methacholine chloride concentration was negatively related to hyperresponsiveness of bronchus.FEV_1% was negatively related to the state of asthmatic degree.Conclusions The CVA was incident to the young and the middle-age females,often with an obvious inducement.The female prognosis was worse than that of the male.Generally speaking,the prognosis was good if patients took medicine regularly.Patientscompliance was the essence of the prevention and the cure.Young females who had chronic cough indicate CVA.The concentration of methacholine chloride and FEV_1% were effective indexes when we estimated the state and prognosis of CVA.In most CVA patients,the hyperresponsiveness stayed for a long time,which may be one of the most dangerous risks.We should keep on observing and treating those patients.

In this study,a series of new sildenafil analogues 11-27 possessing a guanidine group were synthesized to investigate their PDE5 inhibitory activity and selectivity using[~3H]cGMP SPA kit in vitro and efficacy in the rat model of erection.Most of the compounds showed potent activity against PDE5,and more importantly,several compounds exhibited higher PDE5 selectivity over PDE6 than that of sildenafil.Structure-activity relationship of these sildenafil analogues was also discussed.Within this series of compounds,compound 15(IC_(50) =1.7 nmol/L)not only exhibited more potent PDE5 inhibitory activity than that of sildenafil (IC_(50) = 6.5 nmol/L),but also showed functional efficacy in the rat model of erection.

Realgar (90% of AS4S4) and cinnabar (96% of HgS) have been used in traditional Chinese medicines for thousands of years. Both arsenic and mercury are well-known for toxic effects and the safety of realgar-and cinnabar-containing traditional Chinese medicines is of concern. It is considered that any intentional use of known toxic metals in medicine is an unacceptable risk, while an opposing opinion presumes that realgar and cinnabar have clear pharmacological action with tolerable side effects. This review summarized the progress of toxicological study on realgar-and cinnbar-containing traditional Chinese medicines.
Arsenicals ; adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Mercury Compounds ; adverse effects ; Sulfides ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of Angong Niuhuang pill (AGNHW) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and further to investigate the role of realgar and cinnabar on AGNHW-mediated neuroprotection.

METHODPrimary rat midbrain neuron-glia cultures were used as an in vitro model to examine the effects of AGNHW on LPS-induced dopamine (DA) neuronal damage. Cultures were divided randomly into five groups: control, LPS, LPS plus AGNHW, LPS plus realgar and LPS plus cinnabar. Dopaminergic neurotoxicity was measured by [3H] DA uptake assay. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified via the DCFH-DA probe. Real-time RT-PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Then the protein levels of these factors were determined by ELISA and western blot assay.

RESULTCompared with the control group, LPS apparently decreased DA uptake capacity (P < 0.05); induced the production of intracellular ROS (P < 0.05); enhanced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, iNOS, IL-13 and COX-2 (P < 0.05) and the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and PGE2 in the supernatant of cultures (P < 0.05); and also increased the level of iNOS protein (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, AGNHW and realgar significantly inhibited LPS-induced reduction of DA uptake (P < 0.05); attenuated the production of intracellular ROS (P < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, iNOS, IL-1beta and COX-2 (P < 0.05) and the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and PGE2 (P < 0.05) and the level of iNOS protein (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between LPS group and LPS plus cinnabar group.

CONCLUSIONAGNHW is effective in protecting against LPS-induced neuroinflammation, and realgar is one of active components for AGNHW to produce anti-inflammatory effects.

Animals ; Arsenicals ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Inflammation ; prevention & control ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Neuroglia ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sulfides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Superoxides ; metabolism